Interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms in children with primary immune thrombocytopenia.

Background: The pathophysiology and susceptibility of children to primary immune thrombocytopenia are linked to polymorphisms of the interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonist genes. Purpose: To investigated the association between the susceptibility and severity of primary ITP in children and the IL-1B and IL-1R antagonist gene polymorphisms. Methods: This comparative case-control study was con-ducted at the Menoufia University Hospital Hematology and Oncology Unit, Pediatric Department, between Au-gust 2022 and September 2023. The children were di vided into patients (28 boys, 22 girls) who received hospital and outpatient clinic care and controls (50 healthy age- and sex-matched children). Results: The mutant homozygous GG genotype and mutant G allele of rs16944 of the IL1B gene were consi-derably greater in patients than in controls (P<0.001). Furthermore, the mutant homozygous II/II genotype and heterozygous I/II genotype of the IL-1R antagonist gene were considerably greater in the case versus control group. The mutant II allele was significantly more prevalent in patients versus controls (P<0.001). Conclusion: IL-1B and IL-1R antagonists may have a major impact on the development of immune thrombo-cytopenia. Furthermore, we found a relationship between IL-1B and IL-1R antagonist gene polymorphisms and the etiology of and children's.

Diabetic microenvironment deteriorates the regenerative capacities of adipose mesenchymal stromal cells.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is an endocrine disorder characterized by compromised insulin sensitivity that eventually leads to overt disease. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) showed promising potency in improving type 2 diabetes and its complications through their immunomodulatory and differentiation capabilities. However, the hyperglycaemia of the diabetic microenvironment may exert a detrimental effect on the functionality of ASCs. Herein, we investigate ASC homeostasis and regenerative potential in the diabetic milieu. METHODS: We conducted data collection and functional enrichment analysis to investigate the differential gene expression profile of MSCs in the diabetic microenvironment. Next, ASCs were cultured in a medium containing diabetic serum (DS) or normal non-diabetic serum (NS) for six days and one-month periods. Proteomic analysis was carried out, and ASCs were then evaluated for apoptosis, changes in the expression of surface markers and DNA repair genes, intracellular oxidative stress, and differentiation capacity. The crosstalk between the ASCs and the diabetic microenvironment was determined by the expression of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and cytokine receptors. RESULTS: The enrichment of MSCs differentially expressed genes in diabetes points to an alteration in oxidative stress regulating pathways in MSCs. Next, proteomic analysis of ASCs in DS revealed differentially expressed proteins that are related to enhanced cellular apoptosis, DNA damage and oxidative stress, altered immunomodulatory and differentiation potential. Our experiments confirmed these data and showed that ASCs cultured in DS suffered apoptosis, intracellular oxidative stress, and defective DNA repair. Under diabetic conditions, ASCs also showed compromised osteogenic, adipogenic, and angiogenic differentiation capacities. Both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression were significantly altered by culture of ASCs in DS denoting defective immunomodulatory potential. Interestingly, ASCs showed induction of antioxidative stress genes and proteins such as SIRT1, TERF1, Clusterin and PKM2. CONCLUSION: We propose that this deterioration in the regenerative function of ASCs is partially mediated by the induced oxidative stress and the diabetic inflammatory milieu. The induction of antioxidative stress factors in ASCs may indicate an adaptation mechanism to the increased oxidative stress in the diabetic microenvironment.

Is high-intensity focused ultrasound a magical solution to endometriosis? A systematic review.

Background: Endometriosis presents a significant challenge in gynecological endocrinology, affecting approximately 1 in 10 women of reproductive age. Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) and rectosigmoid deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) pose unique clinical complexities. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has emerged as a novel alternative for treating these conditions, offering a noninvasive option with potential therapeutic benefits. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines to investigate the safety and efficacy of HIFU therapy for AWE and rectosigmoid DIE. The literature search encompassed databases from inception to January 20, 2024. Eligible studies included observational studies, case reports, and clinical trials evaluating HIFU treatment for endometriosis. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed following established protocols. Results: Fourteen studies were included, comprising 330 patients with AWE and 28 patients with rectosigmoid DIE. HIFU treatment demonstrated significant efficacy, with many patients experiencing complete remission, and clinical effectiveness. Reductions in lesion volume posttreatment were consistent across studies. However, safety concerns were noted, including pain at the treatment site, hematuria, and skin burns. Adverse effects underscored the importance of careful patient selection and monitoring during HIFU therapy. Conclusion: HIFU therapy shows promise as a noninvasive approach for managing AWE and rectosigmoid DIE. While efficacy outcomes are encouraging, safety considerations warrant attention. Further research, particularly randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes, is needed to validate findings and optimize treatment protocols.

Quadricuspid Aortic Valve: Imaging, Diagnosis, and Prognosis.

Quadricuspid aortic valve is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly with an incidence of 0.008% to 0.043%. Its clinical course varies depending on cusp anatomy, function, and associated cardiac malformations. It frequently progresses to aortic valve regurgitation that may require surgical valve replacement. Detection has shifted from incidental discovery during autopsies or cardiac surgeries in the early 20th century to various cardiac imaging methods in recent decades. In addition to contributing to the literature, this report supports the use of transesophageal echocardiography more liberally to detect aortic valve abnormalities. The case presents a 48-year-old female patient with an incidentally discovered quadricuspid aortic valve.

Prescribing Patterns of Psychotropic Medications for Common Psychiatric Disorders in a Mental Health Hospital in Tabuk.

INTRODUCTION: Mental health disorders are often chronic and disabling conditions that impact different populations, irrespective of age, cultural background, or socioeconomic status. This study aimed to describe the prescribing pattern of psychotropic medications in patients with psychiatric disorders. METHODS: This research was a retrospective investigation of psychotropic medication prescribing patterns and conducted at Eradah Mental Health Hospital at Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. The data were extracted from the electronic medical database of adult patients presenting to the outpatient and inpatient clinics of a mental health hospital between 2020 and 2023. The diagnosis of psychiatric disorders was identified using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes version 2019 for mental and behavioral disorders (F00 to F99). RESULTS: The electronic medication records of 526 patients were reviewed, of whom 510 (97%) were Saudi nationals, 368 (69.9%) were males, 235 (44.7%) were between 31 and 40 years of age, and 233 (44.3%) were outpatients. The most common psychiatric diagnoses were schizophrenia (33.3%), followed by bipolar affective disorder (16.9%). A total of 2,153 medication orders for psychotropic medications were quantified. Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) were the top prescribed medication classes (1,290, 60%), followed by mood stabilizers (324, 15%). More than one-half of the patients (282, 53.6%) received a combination of antipsychotic and mood stabilizers, and 155 (29.5%) received a combination of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications. No significant differences were observed in prescribing for males and females. CONCLUSION: Schizophrenia was highly prevalent among adult patients who sought mental healthcare. Polypharmacy of psychotropic medication was common depending on the symptoms' severity and comorbid psychiatric diseases.

Trunk-oriented Exercises Versus Whole-body Vibration on Abdominal Thickness and Balance in Children with Duchene Muscular Dystrophy.

OBJECTIVES: Progressive proximal muscle weakening in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) impairs postural adjustments by impairing motor function and preventing ambulation. During daily activities, for gait and dynamic balance, certain postural modifications are required. The objective was to compare the impact of trunk-oriented exercises versus whole-body vibration on abdominal muscle thickness and balance in children with DMD. METHODS: Participants in this study were 30 boys with DMD, aged 6 to 10 years old. Children were divided into two groups (A and B) randomly. Children in group (A) underwent a prescribed regimen of physical therapy along with trunk-oriented exercises, whereas group (B) received the same regimen as group (A) together with whole-body vibration three times per week for three consecutive months. Balance and the thickness of the abdominal muscles were measured using the Biodex balance system and ultrasonography, respectively, before and after therapy. RESULTS: When compared to the pre-treatment results in both groups, the post-treatment results showed a significant difference in all measured variables (p<0.05). Post-treatment values showed that all of the measured variables significantly differed in favor of group A. CONCLUSIONS: Trunk-oriented exercises can improve abdominal thickness and balance more effectively than whole-body vibration in children with DMD. CLINICALTRIALS: gov ID: NCT05688072.

Association Between Two Methods of Spinal and Pelvic Analysis Among Children With Cerebral Palsy.

OBJECTIVES: Children with cerebral palsy have weak muscles, which may impair postural adjustments. These postural adjustments are required for gait and dynamic balance during the daily living activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Cobb's angle and Formetric 4D surface topography system in evaluating spinal and pelvic deformity in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: One hundred children with spastic diplegia (6 to 8 years old) diagnosed as cerebral palsy participated in this study and selected from the Outpatient Clinic of Faculty of Physical Therapy. Digital x- ray and formetric analysis were used to measure spinal deformities and pelvic deviation in children with cerebral palsy. RESULTS: There were positive correlations between Cobb's angle and formetric parameters, including trunk imbalance, lateral deviation, and pelvic tilt. Also, Formetric parameters were significant predictors of Cobb's angle, including trunk imbalance (for a one-degree increase, Cobb's angle increases by 0.227, lateral deviation (for a one-degree increase, Cobb's angle increases by 0.665), and pelvic tilt (for a one-degree increase, Cobb's angle increases by 0.252). CONCLUSION: Formetric 4D surface topography system was effective in evaluating spinal and pelvic deformity in children with cerebral palsy when compared with Digital x-ray.

The cross talk between type II diabetic microenvironment and the regenerative capacities of human adipose tissue-derived pericytes: a promising cell therapy.

BACKGROUND: Pericytes (PCs) are multipotent contractile cells that wrap around the endothelial cells (ECs) to maintain the blood vessel's functionality and integrity. The hyperglycemia associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was shown to impair the function of PCs and increase the risk of diabetes complications. In this study, we aimed to investigate the deleterious effect of the diabetic microenvironment on the regenerative capacities of human PCs. METHODS: PCs isolated from human adipose tissue were cultured in the presence or absence of serum collected from diabetic patients. The functionality of PCs was analyzed after 6, 14, and 30 days. RESULTS: Microscopic examination of PCs cultured in DS (DS-PCs) showed increased aggregate formation and altered surface topography with hyperbolic invaginations. Compared to PCs cultured in normal serum (NS-PCs), DS-PCs showed more fragmented mitochondria and thicker nuclear membrane. DS caused impaired angiogenic differentiation of PCs as confirmed by tube formation, decreased VEGF-A and IGF-1 gene expression, upregulated TSP1, PF4, actin-related protein 2/3 complex, and downregulated COL21A1 protein expression. These cells suffered more pronounced apoptosis and showed higher expression of Clic4, apoptosis facilitator BCl-2-like protein, serine/threonine protein phosphatase, and caspase-7 proteins. DS-PCs showed dysregulated DNA repair genes CDKN1A, SIRT1, XRCC5 TERF2, and upregulation of the pro-inflammatory genes ICAM1, IL-6, and TNF-α. Further, DS-treated cells also showed disruption in the expression of the focal adhesion and binding proteins TSP1, TGF-ß, fibronectin, and PCDH7. Interestingly, DS-PCs showed resistance mechanisms upon exposure to diabetic microenvironment by maintaining the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) organizing proteins as vinculin, IQGAP1, and tubulin beta chain. CONCLUSION: These data showed that the diabetic microenvironment exert a deleterious effect on the regenerative capacities of human adipose tissue-derived PCs, and may thus have possible implications on the vascular complications of T2DM. Nevertheless, PCs have shown remarkable protective mechanisms when initially exposed to DS and thus they could provide a promising cellular therapy for T2DM.

Modified-constraint movement induced therapy versus neuro-developmental therapy on reaching capacity in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Upper extremity impairment is one of the complications in hemiplegic children. The purpose of modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) is to improve the function of impaired arms and hands in these children. This study compared the efficacy of mCIMT and the approach of neurodevelopmental therapy (NDT) on reaching capacity in children with spastic hemiplegia. METHODS: Fifty-two spastic hemiplegic children ranging in age from four to 6 years were selected for this study from an outpatient clinic and biomechanical lab (Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, KSA). They were randomly divided into two experimental groups: group I received NDT and group II received mCIMT for the involved upper limb and restriction of the uninvolved arm movements for 12 weeks (three times per week). Both groups received a conventional exercise program in addition to experimental one. Active elbow extension range of motion and three-dimensional motion analysis of the reaching task were measured before and after 3 months of treatment. RESULTS: Significant enhancement in all pre-treatment and post-treatment outcomes was observed in both groups by a two-way mixed MANOVA; furthermore, Group II (mCIMT) showed the most significant improvement (elbow extension, percentage of reach to peak velocity, movement time and movement units) when comparing the post-treatment outcomes between the two groups (p < 0.001). IMPLICATION FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY PRACTICE: Addition of mCIMT to a conventional exercise was superior to adding NDT exercise therapy in promoting the performance of reaching pattern in hemiplegic children.

Enhanced physical properties, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of bio-composite films composed from carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol incorporated with broccoli sprout seed extract for butter packaging.

This study investigated the development of biodegradable films made from a combination of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and purified extract of broccoli sprout seed (BSSE). The films were characterized for their color, physical properties, surface morphology, crystallinity, mechanical properties, and thermal properties. The addition of BSSE up to 1.4 % to the film matrix imparted opaque color and increased opacity up to 3.652. The films also became less moisture-absorbent 8.21 %, soluble 19.16 %, and permeable to water vapor 1.531 (× 10-10 g.m-1 s-1 pa-1). By utilizing 0.7 % from BSSE inside films, the surface of the films became smoother but became rough with higher concentrations 2.1 % of BSSE. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis showed that there was physical interaction between the BSSE extract and the PV/CM matrix. The films showed good thermal stability, and the incorporation of BSSE improved their ability to preserve the acidity, TBARS, peroxide value, and total color differences of butter during cold storage.

Ultrasonic treatment as a modern technique to facilitate the extraction of phenolic compounds from organic sunflower seed cakes.

BACKGROUND: Three different organic sunflower seed cakes, produced from seeds differing in the content of their hulls, were extracted by two different extraction methods - conventional extraction (CE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The total phenolic compound (TPC) content of the extracts was evaluated using Folin-Ciocâlteu reagent (FCR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant capacity of extracts was evaluated with the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. RESULTS: The results showed that both extracts displayed high TPC content and antioxidant capacity. The UAE method showed significantly higher TPC content and antioxidant capacity values than CE. Individual phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid (CGA) isomers (3-, 4- and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acids), di-CGA isomers, and feruloylquinic and coumaroylquinic acids were identified according to their exact masses by HPLC coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION: The results revealed that the UAE method could be used effectively to facilitate the extraction of phenolic compounds from sunflower seed cake. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Death and Venous Thromboembolism Analyses among Hospitalized COVID-19-Positive Patients: A Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND: Coagulation disorders are frequently encountered among patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially among admitted patients with more severe symptoms. This study aims to determine the mortality rate and incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted from March to July 2020 using a hospital database. All adult patients (>18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included. Laboratory data and the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 were obtained from medical records. The mortality rate and the incidence of VTE were established as study results. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of thrombotic events. RESULTS: rA total of 1024 confirmed COVID-19 patients were treated, of whom 110 (10.7%) were deceased and 58 patients (5.7%) developed VTE. Death occurred more frequently in patients older than 50 years and those admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU, 95%) and who received mechanical ventilation (62.7%). Multivariate analysis revealed that cancer patients were two times more likely to have VTE (adjusted odds ratio = 2.614; 95% CI = (1.048-6.519); p = 0.039). Other chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease, were not associated with an increased risk of VTE. CONCLUSIONS: One-tenth of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were deceased, and VTE was prevalent among patients with chronic conditions, such as cancer, despite anticoagulation therapy. Healthcare professionals should closely monitor individuals with a high risk of developing VTE to prevent unwanted complications.

Comparative outcomes among inlay grafted incised plate, onlay preputial flap and tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for the repair of distal penile hypospadias with a narrow urethral plate.

PURPOSE: We conducted this study, comparing the outcomes among Transverse Onlay Island Flap, inlay grafted incised plate and our previous records of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIPU) in patients with narrow urethral plates, aiming to determine which method of repair provides a good outcome. METHODS: This hybrid study included two datasets. The first from a prospective randomized study evaluating outcomes of two treatment modalities; Inlay graft and only flap for distal hypospadias with shallow urethral plate with 80 patients (40 patients in each group) included, the second based on our previous records of TIPU in 40 patients with distal primary hypospadias with narrow urethral plate. RESULTS: The success rate in inlay graft urethroplasty group (n = 40) was 87.5%; glandular dehiscence occurred in one case (2.5%), fistulas occurred in 2 cases (5%), and narrow meatus occurred in two cases (5%). Success rate in onlay flap urethroplasty group (n = 40) was 82.5%; glandular dehiscence occurred in two cases (5%), fistulas occurred in two cases (5%), and narrow meatus occurred in three cases (7.5%). TIPU group (n = 40) had success rate of 62.5%; glandular dehiscence occurred in eight cases (20%), fistulas occurred in five cases (12.5%), and narrow meatus occurred in seven cases (17.5%), with five cases exhibiting both narrow meatus with fistula. CONCLUSION: Inlay graft and onlay flap urethroplasty for repair of distal penile hypospadias with narrow urethral plate had higher success rate and fewer complications than traditional TIPU. Moreover, operative time was shorter in TIPU.

Detection of early prognostic biomarkers for metastasis of Ewing's sarcoma in pediatric patients.

AIMS: Ewing's Sarcoma is an extremely aggressive tumor in children. The disease is associated with highly metastatic rate, especially at the time of diagnosis, contributing to a lower survival rate and poor prognosis. The study aimed to identify predictive biomarkers for metastatic Ewing's sarcoma through in-depth analysis of the plasma proteome profile of pediatric Ewing's sarcoma patients. MAIN METHODS: Plasma samples from Ewing's sarcoma patients and control individuals were profiled using both shotgun and dimethyl-labeled proteomics analysis. Subsequently, Ewing's sarcoma patients were further stratified according to their metastatic state and chemotherapy response. Western blot was used for validation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine proteome metastasis predictors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was done to assess the diagnostic significance of the potential plasma Ewing's sarcoma biomarkers. KEY FINDINGS: Our results revealed a set of proteins significantly associated with the metastatic Ewing's sarcoma disease profile. These proteins include ceruloplasmin and several immunoglobulins. Additionally, our study disclosed significant differentially expressed proteins in pediatric Ewing's sarcoma, including CD5 antigen-like, clusterin, and dermcidin. Stable isotope dimethyl labeling and western blot further confirmed our results, strengthening the impact of such proteins in disease development. Furthermore, an unbiased ROC curve evaluated and confirmed the predictive power of these biomarker candidates. SIGNIFICANCE: This study presented potential empirical predictive circulating biomarkers for determining the disease status of pediatric Ewing's sarcoma, which is vital for early prediction.

The role of high-resolution ultrasound and MRI in the evaluation of peripheral nerves in the lower extremity.

Lower extremity peripheral neuropathy is a commonly encountered neurologic disorder, which can lead to chronic pain, functional disability, and decreased quality of life for a patient. As diagnostic imaging modalities have improved, imaging has started to play an integral role in the detection and characterization of peripheral nerve abnormalities by non-invasively and accurately identifying abnormal nerves as well as potential causes of neuropathy, which ultimately leads to precise and timely treatment. Ultrasound, which has high spatial resolution and can quickly and comfortably characterize peripheral nerves in real time along with associated denervation muscle atrophy, and magnetic resonance neurography, which provides excellent contrast resolution between nerves and other tissues and between pathologic and normal segments of peripheral nerves, in addition to assessing reversible and irreversible muscle denervation changes, are the two mainstay imaging modalities used in peripheral nerve assessment. These two modalities are complimentary, and one may be more useful than the other depending on the nerve and location of pathology. Imaging must be interpreted in the context of available clinical information and other diagnostic studies, such as electrodiagnostic tests. Here, we offer a comprehensive overview of the role of high-resolution ultrasound and magnetic resonance neurography in the evaluation of the peripheral nerves of the lower extremity and their associated neuropathies.

parazitCUB: An R package to streamline the process of investigating the adaptations of parasites' codon usage bias.

Examining the intricate association between parasites and their hosts, particularly at the codon level, assumes paramount importance in comprehending evolutionary processes and forecasting the characteristics of novel parasites. While diverse metrics and statistical analyses are available to explore codon usage bias (CUB), there presently exists no dedicated tool for examining the co-adaptation of codon usage between parasites and hosts. Therefore, we introduce the parazitCUB R package to address this challenge in a scalable and efficient manner, as it is capable of handling extensive datasets and simultaneously analyzing of multiple parasites with optimized performance. parazitCUB enables the elucidation of parasite-host interactions and the evolutionary patterns of parasites through the implementation of various indices, cluster analysis, multivariate analysis, and data visualization techniques. The tool can be accessed at the following location: https://github.com/AliYoussef96/parazitCUB.

Patent Foramen Ovale-Related Hypoxemia After Bilateral Lung Transplant.

A 64-year-old man with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and a small patent foramen ovale with right-to-left shunting underwent bilateral lung transplant without closure of the patent foramen ovale. Postoperatively, the patient remained persistently hypoxemic with partial response to high-flow oxygen. Investigations revealed the presence of a large patent foramen ovale with right-to-left shunting on echocardiography and a shunt fraction of 21% on cardiac catheterization. Two months after the lung transplantation, primary surgical repair of the patent foramen ovale was performed with immediate improvement in oxygenation. Three years postoperatively, the patient remained oxygen independent.

Comparative Shotgun Proteomics Reveals the Characteristic Protein Signature of Osteosarcoma Subtypes.

Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor affecting adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to identify proteomic signatures that distinguish between different osteosarcoma subtypes, providing insights into their molecular heterogeneity and potential implications for personalized treatment approaches. Using advanced proteomic techniques, we analyzed FFPE tumor samples from a cohort of pediatric osteosarcoma patients representing four various subtypes. Differential expression analysis revealed a significant proteomic signature that discriminated between these subtypes, highlighting distinct molecular profiles associated with different tumor characteristics. In contrast, clinical determinants did not correlate with the proteome signature of pediatric osteosarcoma. The identified proteomics signature encompassed a diverse array of proteins involved in focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, and proteoglycans in cancer, among the top enriched pathways. These findings underscore the importance of considering the molecular heterogeneity of osteosarcoma during diagnosis or even when developing personalized treatment strategies. By identifying subtype-specific proteomics signatures, clinicians may be able to tailor therapy regimens to individual patients, optimizing treatment efficacy and minimizing adverse effects.

Bio-diagnostic performances of microRNAs set related to DNA damage response pathway among hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

BACKGROUND: Up to date, a well-defined microRNAs (miRNAs) profile involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis remains indecisive. Thus, employing miRNAs for HCC diagnosis is demanded for early therapeutic interventions. We aimed to evaluate the usage of miRNAs set related to the SuperPath: miRNAs involved in DNA damage response pathway as effective biomarkers for HCV-related HCC diagnosis. RESULTS: The study enrolled 97 patients with HCV-related HCC, 84 with hepatitis C virus (HCV), 97 with liver cirrhosis (LC), and 84 healthy individuals. Serum miRNA-23a, miRNA-203, miRNA-100-5p, and miRNA-16 were quantified using qRT-PCR experiments, AFP and routine LFTs were estimated via standard techniques. Pathway enrichment analysis along with the construction of miRNAs regulatory network were performed. With respect to healthy individuals, miRNA-203, miRNA-100-5p, and miRNA-16 were significantly downregulated in HCC, HCV, and LC groups, while miRNA-23a showed significant upregulation (p < 0.001). miRNAs exhibited significant correlations with AFP, ALT, AST, and albumin. Also, elevated levels of miRNA-23a were recognized in patients with multiple focal lesions and/or lesion size > 5 cm. Additionally, the diagnostic performance of miRNA-23a expression level at a selected cut-off value of 3.99 overtakes AFP, while expressions of miR-203, miRNA-100-5p, and miRNA-16 represent poor diagnostic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Keeping in mind the individual variability and high level of heterogeneity in HCC, our data revealed the diagnostic value of miRNA-23a expression in HCV-related HCC patients. Further extra in silico HCC-specific microRNAs sets are demanded in diagnosis.

Detection of dengue virus serotype 4 in Sudan.

Background: Dengue virus infection is spreading globally and most parts of Sudan have witnessed repeated dengue outbreaks, with the detection of DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3 serotypes. Aims: In this report we describe the dengue fever outbreaks that occurred in eastern Sudan (Kassala and Port Sudan cities) from August to November 2019. Methods: We enrolled 79 (29.8%) suspected cases from Kassala and 186 (70.2%) from Port Sudan who presented with fever. The participants were medically examined and their clinical signs recorded. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count, detection of anti-dengue virus IgM, detection of NS1 dengue antigen and identification of the virus serotype using RT-PCR. Results: The main clinical presentations were fever, abdominal pain, joint pain and vomiting, and thrombocytopenia was the main laboratory finding. One hundred and twenty-five blood samples tested positive for the anti-dengue IgM antibody, and 145 were positive for the NS1 antigen. Using RT-PCR, we identified 35 (24%) infections with DENV-2, 100 (69%) with DENV-3 and 10 (7%) with DENV-4 serotypes. Conclusions: We identified multiple serotypes - DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 - as the causes of the outbreak. The presence of DENV-4 serotype was documented for the first time in Sudan.