Prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity in Brunei Darussalam.

AIM: To identify the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm neonates admitted to Department of Neonatology, RIPAS hospital, Brunei Darussalam. METHODS: We studied 67 preterm infants fulfilling the eligibility criteria for ROP screening. All infants studied were admitted to the Department of Neonatology, RIPAS Hospital, within a period of one year. Birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA), corrected age at each review, initial and final diagnoses and number of reviews required was recorded for each infant. Infants were followed up two weekly until they reach a corrected age of 40 weeks or complete vascularization was noted. Prevalence of ROP was identified. Descriptive analysis, regression analysis and independent-sample t-test were used to statistically check for differences between ROP and non-ROP groups. RESULTS: A total number of 201 ROP screenings were carried out for 67 preterm infants. Males outnumbered females (56.7%). The mean number of reviews per child was (3.19±1.1) times (range: 1-6 times), the mean GA among the preterm babies examined was (29.5±2.6) weeks (range: 23-36 weeks), and the mean BW was 1300±500g (range: 660-3600g). The prevalence of ROP among the examined infants was 34.8%. Prevalence of threshold disease that required laser treatment was 25.4%. Prevalence of ROP among those with extremely low BW was 86.7% compared to 27.8% in those with very low BW. Respiratory distress and congenital heart diseases were significantly associated with higher incidence of ROP. CONCLUSION: Lower BW, lower GA and female gender are associated with higher risk of developing ROP among preterm infants in Brunei Darussalam.

Comparison of B-scan sonographic measurements of optic cup with fundus photographic measurements.

PURPOSE: To compare the measurements of the optic cup diameter with B-scan sonography with fundus photography in patients with clear ocular media and to propose a solution for the clinical problem of determining the cup-disc ratio in eyes with opaque ocular media. METHODS: We studied 122 patients (glaucoma patients and non-glaucoma controls) with clear ocular media. Measurements of optic cup diameters using Quantel 10 MHz B-scan sonography were compared with magnification-corrected measurements of the same area using Zeiss FF450 Plus fundus camera. Paired-sample t-test was used to compare the measurements. The correlation between measurements of optic cup diameters using the 2 methods was established. In addition, the optic disc diameters of both eyes were measured on fundus photographs and compared with each other. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the fundus photographic and sonographic measurements of optic cup diameters. There was no difference in the fundus photographic measurements of optic disc diameters between the 2 eyes. CONCLUSION: In an eye with opaque ocular media, the cup-disc ratio can be calculated by using the optic cup diameter of this eye with B-scan sonography and the optic disc diameter of the fellow eye with clear media measured by fundus photography.

Colloid cyst of third ventricle mimicking normal tension glaucoma.

Colloid cysts are rare intracranial tumors most commonly found in the third ventricle. We present a case of colloid cyst of the third ventricle that manifested as bilateral advance optic disc cupping, superior hemifield defects in the visual fields and normal intraocular pressure.

Bilateral simultaneous infectious keratitis secondary to contact lens wear: an unusual case report with rare organisms.

PURPOSE: To report an unusual case of bilateral simultaneous hypopyon corneal ulcer in a contact lens wearer caused by polymicrobial infection with rare organisms. METHODS: A case report of a 21-year-old soft contact lens wearer, who visited the emergency department with a 3-day history of pain, redness, decreased vision, photophobia, and tearing in both eyes. Examination showed a central corneal ulcer with hypopyon in both eyes. The cultures from corneal scrapings of both eyes, the contact lenses, and the contact lens solution showed heavy growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alkaligenes species, and Flavobacterium meningosepticum. RESULTS: The corneal ulcers healed completely with aggressive antibiotic treatment for 4 weeks. The best-corrected visual acuity after 6 months of follow-up was 20/400 in the right eye and 20/60 in the left eye. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of infectious keratitis should be kept in mind for an acute red eye in contact lens wearers, and appropriate initial management is essential for a successful outcome. It is believed that this is the first report of Flavobacterium meningosepticum as a causative organism in contact lens-related keratitis.