Differences in Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Relation to Changes in Living Conditions, Work Conditions, and Daily Life During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Jordan.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with numerous changes in daily life conditions that could affect the psychological response of individuals worldwide. Objective: The study aimed to describe and examine differences in depression, anxiety, and stress in relation to living conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. Purposive snowball sampling was employed to include 642 participants. Arabic versions of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation were used to analyze the data. Results: The total mean scores of depression, anxiety, and stress were 12.26 (SD = 10.53), 9.04 (SD = 9.34), and 13.49 (SD = 10.72), respectively. Of the study sample, 122 (19.5%), 139 (22.2%), and 99 (15.9%) had severe to extremely severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Significant differences were found in depression, anxiety, and stress in relation to age, chronic diseases, and house size. Conclusion: The findings showed an increased prevalence of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health practitioners need to recognize the impact of pandemics on youth, females, low-income populations, and individuals with chronic diseases. Preventive mental health services among these populations, such as screening and counseling, would help reduce the health risks.

Stress and academic engagement among Saudi undergraduate nursing students: The mediating role of emotion regulation and emotional intelligence.

AIM: To assess the mediating role of emotion regulation and emotional intelligence in the relationship between stress and academic engagement among Saudi undergraduate nursing students. DESIGN: This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional research design. METHODS: The study recruited 367 Saudi undergraduate nursing students at a major Saudi university. Structural equation modelling was used to explore the mediational model. RESULTS: The results of the ANOVA and Welch F-test demonstrated that the emotional intelligence, emotional regulation and academic engagement scores were statistically significantly different according to stress levels (p-values <0.01). Perceived stress has a statistically significant moderate negative correlation with academic engagement and emotional intelligence and a strong negative correlation with emotional regulation. The results also showed that academic engagement had a statistically significant moderate positive association with emotional intelligence and emotional regulation. Results indicate that stress and academic engagement are negatively correlated among Saudi undergraduate nursing students. It focuses on the balancing functions of emotional regulation and emotional intelligence, highlighting their ability to lower stress levels and improve academic engagement. No Patient or Public Contribution.

The Lived Experiences of Saudi Nursing Students in Digital Clinical Experience: A Phenomenological Study.

Background Novel digital methods of simulation are gaining popularity in nursing education in light of the limited access to clinical placement and expensive high-fidelity simulation technologies. Aim The aim of this study is to explore the lived experiences of Saudi nursing students in digital clinical experiences (DCEs). Methods A qualitative phenomenological research design, grounded in Husserlian phenomenology, was employed. Purposive sampling was utilized to select 21 participants actively involved in DCEs. In-depth interviews were conducted to collect rich, narrative data. Results The thematic analysis has yielded four themes, namely, "comfort and safety", "critical thinking and problem solving", "appraisal of knowledge", and "transition to practice." Conclusions The findings contribute to ongoing discussions about leveraging technology in nursing education, emphasizing the need for educators and policymakers to integrate digital tools that enhance the learning experiences of nursing students.

Analyzing Role Overload, Mental Health, and Quality of Life Among Jordanian Female Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: To identify the role overload, mental health distress, and quality of life among Jordanian female healthcare professionals and explore their interrelationships. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional correlational research involved 412 female participants (physicians, nurses, and pharmacists) from the government and private sectors in Jordan. The Role Overload, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version were used for data collection. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, multivariate analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Spearman rho, and linear regression tests (p=0.05). Results: Results indicate that 83.2% of participants experienced moderate to high role overload, with 72.9% displaying signs of moderate to extreme depression. Professionals working >40 hours/week experienced elevated stress levels, while those with chronic illnesses exhibited higher mean scores for depressive symptoms (M= 16.91 vs M= 14.49, p=0.002) and stress (M= 20.55 vs M= 18.57, p=0.033). Professionals attending older individuals reported increased role overload (M= 3.66 vs M= 3.14, p<0.001), higher stress (M=19.99 vs M=18.14, p=0.027), and lower physical (M=51.79 vs 55.41, p =0.025) and psychological (M=50.04 vs M=53.57, p=0.045) quality of life. Simple regression analysis revealed that role overload significantly predicted stress, depression, and anxiety. Role overload's impact on depression scores (ß = 2.108, t=5.234, p<0.001), as well as anxiety (ß =1.933, t=5.014, p<0.001), was associated with an inverse correlation with both physical (ß =1.671, R2= 3.4, p<0.001) and psychological (ß =1.914, R2= 1.4%, p=0.018) quality of life of healthcare professionals. Mental distress and role overload significantly predicted participants' physical and psychological quality of life. Conclusion: This study established a significant association between role overload, quality of life, and psychological health of female healthcare professionals in Jordan, with implications for enhancing their well-being.

Measuring Professional Values Among Jordanian and Palestinian Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND: Professional values provide a road map for guiding the behaviors of nursing students during practice and are considered standards for acceptable actions during the provision of nursing care. Nursing educators play a vital role in helping their students embrace professional values in their future career. PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess and compare professional values among Jordanian and Palestinian undergraduate nursing students. METHODS: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 182 Jordanian and 353 Palestinian nursing students completed the Nurses Professional Values Scale-Revised (NPVS-R), which covers five domains (caring, trust, justice, activism, and professionalism). RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 22.5 years, and most (56.6%) were female. The mean total score for the NPVS-R was 3.85, with the "justice" dimension receiving the highest mean score (4.07) and the "activism" dimension receiving the lowest mean score (3.63). The differences in mean NPVS-R total and dimension scores between the Jordanian and Palestinian students were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support that Jordanian and Palestinian undergraduate nursing students have an acceptable level of professional values, with the NPVS-R justice domain scoring relatively high and the NPVS-R activism domain scoring relatively low. The authors hope that the results of this study encourage nursing educators to continue improving professional values among their students, especially with regard to the relatively low-rated dimensions.

Perception of nursing students from the Middle East about caring: A descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional study.

AIM: To investigate the perception of undergraduate nursing students in different countries in the Middle East about caring. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, descriptive, comparative design. METHODS: A total of 1,582 nursing students from six different countries in the Middle East completed the Caring Dimensions Inventory. RESULTS: The total mean score of caring was 138.8 (± 15.8), indicating a high level of caring. The highest mean score was for nursing students from Egypt (M = 145.37 ± 15.97), whereas the lowest was for nursing students from Palestine (M = 135.36 ± 13.48). The caring perception was more significant for female students than male students, and no significant correlation was found between students' ages and caring scores. CONCLUSIONS: The high level of caring among nursing students reflects the involvement of caring behaviour in the nursing curricula, which motivates nursing schools to continue stressing the importance of caring and to enhance this behaviour among their graduates. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Improving the students' caring competencies as recommended by the study will influence the caregiving quality in the future that will be reflected in nurse-patient caring relationships and raise the patients' and public satisfaction with nursing care.

Nurses' perceptions of hourly rounding in Jordanian hospitals: A national survey.

AIM: This study aims to explore nurses' perceptions of hourly rounding in Jordanian hospitals. BACKGROUND: Hourly rounding is a standardized and systematic process conducted by nurses to anticipate and address needs in hospitalized patients. The evidence on hourly rounding is mixed, and research is needed to affirm the benefits of implementing hourly rounding across different contexts. METHOD: A cross-sectional correlational design was used. A convenient sample of 1378 nurses was recruited from one military hospital, two university-affiliated hospitals, four governmental hospitals and four private hospitals in Jordan. The Hourly Rounding Questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, t test, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: The highest agreements between nurses were on the items related to the implementation of hourly rounding in terms of 'preventing patient falls' 1211 (87.9%), 'preventing hospital-acquired pressure ulcers' 1201 (87.2%) and 'addressing patients' position' 1199 (87%). The lowest agreements between nurses were on the items related to the involvement of nurses in the decision-making process and sense of ownership 268 (19.4%) and the availability of continued support and resources 239 (17.3%). Female nurses, nurses who often work on a shift rotation, nurses working in private hospitals and respiratory units had a positive perception of hourly rounding. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Findings will inform nursing leaders and policy developers about the implementation of hourly rounding from nurses' perspectives. A protocol should accompany hourly rounding for robust evaluation to measure the impact of this process change with the involvement of nurses in the decision-making process.

Nursing students' attitudes towards death and caring for dying patients.

AIM: To examine the attitudes of undergraduate Jordanian nursing students towards death and caring for dying patients. DESIGN: A cross-sectional correlational design. METHODS: The Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying and Death Attitude Profile-Revised scales were used in this study with a convenience sample of 555 students from nursing schools in Jordan. RESULTS: Nursing students had positive attitudes towards death (M = 153.7, SD = 21.5) and a positive attitude towards caring for dying patients (M = 98.1, SD = 9.2). Fear of death, escape acceptance and death avoidance were significant negative predictors, while neutral acceptance, higher academic level and female gender were significant positive predictors of caring for dying patients (F = 4.5). CONCLUSION: Nursing students had positive attitudes towards caring for dying patients that was influenced by university type, academic level and gender. Nursing education must further focus on death, dying and end-of-life care across the core courses of nursing curricula, theory and practicum.

The value of caring behavior and its impact on students' self-efficacy: Perceptions of undergraduate nursing students.

BACKGROUND: Clinical instructors are the key mediators in helping students conquer clinical experiences by preparing them for clinical workplaces. The caring behavior of instructors plays an important role in the instructor-student relationship. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to (a) assess the perception of nursing students of clinical instructors' caring behavior and (b) explore the correlation between their perception of instructors' caring behavior and their self-efficacy. DESIGN: A quantitative descriptive correlation design was adopted. SETTING: The sample was collected from the faculty of nursing at a major governmental university for females in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of nursing students (N = 200) was recruited. METHODS: The data were collected using the inventory for nursing students' perceptions of instructor caring (NSPIC) and general self-efficacy (GSE) scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics, such as Pearson r correlation and regression analysis, were used. RESULTS: The total mean of NSPIC was moderate to high (mean = 3.06, SD = 1.04). The level of GSE among students was high (mean = 3.45, SD = 0.849). NSPIC is significantly correlated with its GSE (r = .282). In addition, GSE turned out to be a major indicator of caring behavior, with P = .021 and R2 = 0.642. CONCLUSION: Caring relationships between clinical instructors and nursing students enable students to grow as caring professionals. Therefore, nursing programs must have highly qualified clinical instructors to teach and train students and be a good role model in the workplace.

Correlates of nurses' motivation and their demographic characteristics.

BACKGROUND: Motivation is a significant concern for workforce management in healthcare organizations as it is linked to many important factors, such as performance, staff retention, and satisfaction. AIM: To assess motivation level, assess sources of motivation, and identify the difference in motivation level in relation to nurses' characteristics. SETTING: The study was carried out in one major tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. PARTICIPANTS: A total convenient sample of 550 nurses were recruited. All participants are working under the umbrella of executive nursing administration. METHODS: Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of 30 items that focused on assessing a nurse's motivation sources and level. RESULTS: In general, 346 nurses (62%) fully completed the survey. The average motivation level of nurses is 3.6 ± 0.5. Additionally, internal self-concept motivation was identified as the most predominant source of motivation (4.1 ± 0.6). Instrumental and goal internalization motivations ranked second (3.7 ± 0.6), whereas external self-concept (3.4 ± 0.7) and intrinsic (3 ± 0.7) motivations are the lowest sources of motivation. There is a significant difference in the motivation mean between males and females (P = 0.034). Another significant difference was revealed with different years of experience ( P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: The high percentage of internal self-concept motivation among nurses signified that nurses needed more than enjoyment of their work atmosphere, social acknowledgment, higher salary, and good rationale to give maximum effort. Although these should be taken into consideration, more attention should be given to practices that improve a nurse's challenge, autonomy, internal value, and competency.

Professional Values Among Female Nursing Students in Saudi Arabia.

Professional values are essential to nursing practice because they guide standards for working, provide a structure for evaluating behavior, and influence decisions making. The purpose of this study is to explore the perception of Saudi female nursing students on professional values and to assess the correlation between their perception of professional values in relation to their year of academic studies. We used a cross-sectional descriptive study where a survey was administered to 150 Saudi female nurses living in Riyadh. Results show that Saudi female nurses have a high perception of professional values relating to confidentiality, privacy, moral and legal rights, health and safety, and the work environment. Whereas Saudi nursing students have a low perception for participating in professional nursing activities, utilizing research in practice, peer review, public policy, and engaging in on-going self-evaluation. There was positive correlation between different professional values and academic years. The highest correlations were for the items related to caring and trust more than activism because nursing students at higher academic levels viewed the relationship with patients as more important than advancing health care systems through public policy, research, and professional organizations. In conclusion, nursing program administrators should put emphasis on improving the development of professional values through a role modeling approach to promote activism and professional values through the arrangement of meetings, exchange forums, and conferences with other nurses, managers, policy makers, innovators, and researchers within the nursing field.