RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) typically presents with gait disturbances, cognitive decline, and urinary incontinence. Symptomatic improvement generally occurs following shunt placement, but limited evidence exists on the quality of life (QOL) metrics in iNPH. Therefore, we conducted a prospective study of the effect of shunt placement on QOL in iNPH patients, using Quality of Life in Neurologic Disorders (Neuro-QOL) metrics. METHODS: Eligible patients underwent shunt placement after evidence of symptomatic improvement following temporary CSF diversion via inpatient lumbar drain trial. Patients were administered short- and long-form Neuro-QOL assessments prior to shunt placement and at six-month and one-year postoperative timepoints to evaluate lower extremity mobility, cognitive function, and social roles and activities participation. Changes in QOL measures were analyzed using a repeated measures linear mixed effects model. RESULTS: There were forty-eight patients with a mean age of 75.4 ± 6.3 years. Average short-form mobility scores improved by 3.9 points (14.6%) at six-month follow-up and by 6.2 points (23.2%) at one-year follow-up compared to preoperative baseline (p = 0.027 and p = 0.0002, respectively). Short-form cognition scores increased by 5.2 points (22.4%) at six months and 10.9 points (47.0%) at one year postoperatively (p = 0.007 and p < 0.0001, respectively). On long-form assessment, social roles and activity participation scores improved by 29.3 points (23.4%) at six months and 31.6 points (25.2%) at one year after surgery compared to baseline (p = 0.028 and p = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that shunt placement leads to improved QOL in iNPH patients across multiple domains. Significant improvements in mobility, cognition, and social roles and activity participation are realized within the first six months and are sustained on one-year follow-up.
