Proteinuria de tipo nefrótico en la nefroangioesclerosis hipertensiva: características clínicas y evolutivas / Nephrotic proteinuria in hypertensive nephrosclerosis: Clinical and evolution characteristics

Fundamento y objetivo: Coincidiendo con otros autores, hemos observado que algunos pacientes afectados de nefroangioesclerosis hipertensiva (NH) pueden presentar proteinuria de rango nefrótico. Comparamos las características clínicas y evolutivas diferenciales de estos pacientes con los de otras enfermedades glomerulares. Material y método: Se comparan pacientes biopsiados por proteinuria nefrótica con diagnóstico de NH (casos) frente a otro tipo de enfermedad glomerular (controles). Resultados: Un 5,1% de las biopsias correspondían a diagnóstico de NH. Las características de los casos y controles fueron, respectivamente: proteinuria de 4,7 (extremos 3-11,4) frente a 5,5 (3-28,1) g/24 h/1,73 m2 (p = NS); albúmina plasmática media (DE) de 39,5 (6,4) frente a 29,4 (10) g/dl (p = 0,001); edema grave en 10 frente a 63% de los casos; y edad de 58,8 (12,6) frente a 45,5 (19,6) años. Asimismo, los casos presentaron mayor tiempo de evolución de la hipertensión, mayor porcentaje de episodios cardiovasculares previos (39 frente a 16%), con cifras de presión arterial más elevadas (166/90 frente a 133/75 mmHg; p = 0,01) y peor pronóstico renal. Conclusiones: La NH debería incluirse en el diagnóstico diferencial de la proteinuria de rango nefrótico. La ausencia de edemas y la albúmina normal son indicadores clínicos diferenciales que pueden ayudar a la toma de decisiones (AU)

Background and objective: Nephrotic range proteinuria can occur in patients with biopsy proven hypertensive nephrosclerosis (HN). We analysed the differential clinical and evolution characteristics of these patients compared with other glomerular diseases. Material and method: This is a case-control descriptive analysis obtained from the renal pathology registry of our hospital. Clinical features, treatment and evolution of these patients (cases) were compared with nephrotic patients with other glomerular diseases (controls). Results: Five point one percent of biopsies with HN diagnosis. Case/control characteristics were: proteinuria 4.7 [3-11.4] versus 5.5 [3-28.1] g/24 h/1.73 m2 (P = NS). Normal albumin compared with controls (39.5 [6.4] versus 29.4 [10] g/dL; P = .001), significant oedemas only in 10 versus 63% of controls. HN were older (58.8 [12.6] versus 45.5 [19.6] years), had longer hypertension duration before renal biopsy and more previous cardiovascular events (39 versus 16%). Mean blood pressure was higher (166/ 90 versus 133/75 mmHg; P = .01) and had worse renal outcome. Conclusions: HN must be included in the differential diagnosis of nephrotic range proteinuria in hypertensive patients. The absence of oedema and normal serum albumin are distinctive clinical characteristics that can help in decision-making before performing a renal biopsy (AU)

[Nephrotic proteinuria in hypertensive nephrosclerosis: clinical and evolution characteristics]. / Proteinuria de tipo nefrótico en la nefroangioesclerosis hipertensiva: características clínicas y evolutivas.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nephrotic range proteinuria can occur in patients with biopsy proven hypertensive nephrosclerosis (HN). We analysed the differential clinical and evolution characteristics of these patients compared with other glomerular diseases. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a case-control descriptive analysis obtained from the renal pathology registry of our hospital. Clinical features, treatment and evolution of these patients (cases) were compared with nephrotic patients with other glomerular diseases (controls). RESULTS: Five point one percent of biopsies with HN diagnosis. Case/control characteristics were: proteinuria 4.7 [3-11.4] versus 5.5 [3-28.1] g/24h/1.73m(2) (P=NS). Normal albumin compared with controls (39.5 [6.4] versus 29.4 [10] g/dL; P=.001), significant oedemas only in 10 versus 63% of controls. HN were older (58.8 [12.6] versus 45.5 [19.6] years), had longer hypertension duration before renal biopsy and more previous cardiovascular events (39 versus 16%). Mean blood pressure was higher (166/90 versus 133/75mmHg; P=.01) and had worse renal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: HN must be included in the differential diagnosis of nephrotic range proteinuria in hypertensive patients. The absence of oedema and normal serum albumin are distinctive clinical characteristics that can help in decision-making before performing a renal biopsy.

Nefropatía asociada a infecciones víricas / Renal diseases associated with viral infections

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