[Cytogenetic diagnosis of first trimester spontaneous abortion]. / Diagnóstico citogenético en aborto espontáneo del primer trimestre.

BACKGROUND: About 15% of all pregnancies end in abortion. In approximately 60% of all losses are chromosomal abnormalities as a cause of pregnancy loss. OBJECTIVE: To determine the importance of cytogenetic study in patients with spontaneous abortion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of cases of women diagnosed with spontaneous abortion less than 12 weeks and cytogenetic studies. Two groups, one group of women with normal cytogenetics and group 2 patients with abnormal cytogenetic result. 44 patients were excluded by cytogenetic study failed. RESULTS: We included 164 women, 55 and 65 for groups 1 and 2, respectively. In 44 cases the material was not suitable for performing karyotype. Of the 120 cases included, had abnormal karyotypes in 65 cases (54%), of which 34 cases (52.3%) were trisomy, 16 cases (24.6%) to polyploidy and 9 cases (13.8%) a monosomy. In addition, we found six cases (8.7%) with recurrent pregnancy loss. The maternal age limit increased incidence of chromosomal abnormalities occurred in the group of 31 and 35 years with 20 cases (30%). Of trisomies, the 16 were the mostfrequent with 11 cases (32.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The finding of 54% of chromosomal abnormalities in spontaneous abortion products demonstrates the importance of cytogenetic study, regardless of patient age and number of previous pregnancy losses.

[Usefulness of fetal biophysical profile in preterm rupture of membranes with treatment]. / Utilidad del perfil biofísico fetal en la rotura prematura de membranas pretérmino con tratamiento.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of the fetal biophysical profile as a predictor of early neonatal infection in patients with preterm rupture of membranes in conservative management. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a validation study of a diagnostic test. Between November, 2001 and August, 2003, 75 patients with 27 to 33 weeks of gestation and preterm rupture of membranes in conservative management were studied. Daily, a fetal biophysical profile was applied to them. Statistical analysis was done with chi square test and with a 2 x 2 contingency table that compared the biophysical score of + 8 and < or = 6 versus the presence or absence of early neonatal infection. RESULTS: The biophysical score < or = 6 was associated with early neonatal infection (p < 0.05), with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 80, 85, 64 and 85%, respectively (OR 9.73, 95% CI: 2.88-34.63; p = 0.0000164). CONCLUSIONS: The biophysical score < or = 6 was significantly associated with early neonatal infection.

Cardiotocografía en retardo en el crecimiento intrauterino / Cardiotocography in intrauterine growth retardation

Con el objetivo de determinar la utilidad de la cardiotocografía en la vigilancia y determinación del momento ideal de interrupción del embarazo en casos con retardo del crecimiento fetal intrauterino, se analizan 57 casos detectados en el Servicio de MOnitorización del Departamento de Medicina Perinatal del Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia "Luis Castelazo Ayala" del IMSS. Las pacientes se dividieron en tres grupos en relación al resultado de la última prueba sin stress efectuada antes del nacimiento (reactiva, no reactiva y no reactiva desacelerativa). Se concluye en la gran utilidad del procedimiento en función de la buena correlación encontrada entre los datos progresivamente ominosos en el trazo y los datos reales de deterioro fetal al nacimiento

Cardiotocografía anteparto en embarazos de riesgo elevado y su efecto sobre la morbimortalidad perinatal / Antepartum cardiotocography in high-risk pregnancies and its effect on perinatal morbidity and mortality

Se correlacionaron 2,635 registros cardiotocográficos prenatales con la mortalidad perinatal, en 1000 pacientes; se observó que en algunos casos hubo condiciones que intervinieron en la resolución obstétrica para incrementar la mortalidad como malformaciones congénitas; malas condiciones maternas para cirugía - crisis hipertensiva-, y demora en la cirugía. La mortalidad perinatal corregida fue de 9 x 1,000