Impact of samarium on magnetic and optoelectronic properties of magnesium-based MgSm2X4 (X = S and Se) spinels for spintronics.

Investigating novel compounds has become necessary due to the need for sophisticated materials in optoelectronic devices and spintronics. Because of their unique properties, magnesium-based spinels MgSm2X4 (X = S and Se) are very promising for these applications. We used the spin-polarized PBEsol for structural properties and the PBEsol functional for mechanical behavior, both using the WIEN2k code. Both compounds' stability in the magnetic and non-magnetic phases was validated by the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state, and their stability in the cubic phase was verified by the Born stability criterion. Their ductile character was shown by the computation of Pugh's ratio and Poisson ratio. Both MgSm2S4 and MgSm2Se4 display metallic behavior in the spin-up channel and semiconducting behavior in the spin-down channel, indicating a half-metallic nature, according to TB-mBJ potential calculations. With total magnetic moments of 20 µB, both materials showed ferromagnetic properties. Samarium ions contributed 5.27 µB for MgSm2S4 and 5.34 µB for MgSm2Se4. Furthermore, we computed optical parameters in the energy range of 0 to 15 eV, such as absorption, extinction coefficient, reflectivity, dielectric function, and refractive index. Our results demonstrate the potential of MgSm2X4 spinels for future technological developments by revealing their prospective optoelectronic and spintronic applications.

Density Functional Theory Unveils the Secrets of SiAuF3 and SiCuF3: Exploring Their Striking Structural, Electronic, Elastic, and Optical Properties.

In the quest for advanced materials with diverse applications in optoelectronics and energy storage, we delve into the fascinating world of halide perovskites, focusing on SiAuF3 and SiCuF3. Employing density functional theory (DFT) as our guiding light, we conduct a comprehensive comparative study of these two compounds, unearthing their unique structural, electronic, elastic, and optical attributes. Structurally, SiAuF3 and SiCuF3 reveal their cubic nature, with SiCuF3 demonstrating superior stability and a higher bulk modulus. Electronic investigations shed light on their metallic behavior, with Fermi energy levels marking the boundary between valence and conduction bands. The band structures and density of states provide deeper insights into the contributions of electronic states in both compounds. Elastic properties unveil the mechanical stability of these materials, with SiCuF3 exhibiting increased anisotropy compared to SiAuF3. Our analysis of optical properties unravels distinct characteristics. SiCuF3 boasts a higher refractive index at lower energies, indicating enhanced transparency in specific ranges, while SiAuF3 exhibits heightened reflectivity in select energy intervals. Further, both compounds exhibit remarkable absorption coefficients, showcasing their ability to absorb light at defined energy thresholds. The energy loss function (ELF) analysis uncovers differential absorption behavior, with SiAuF3 absorbing maximum energy at 6.9 eV and SiCuF3 at 7.2 eV. Our study not only enriches the fundamental understanding of SiAuF3 and SiCuF3 but also illuminates their potential in optoelectronic applications. These findings open doors to innovative technologies harnessing the distinctive qualities of these halide perovskite materials. As researchers seek materials that push the boundaries of optoelectronics and energy storage, SiAuF3 and SiCuF3 stand out as promising candidates, ready to shape the future of these fields.

Morphology-Dependent Charge Carrier Dynamics and Ion Migration Behavior of CsPbBr3 Halide Perovskite Quantum Dot Films.

Exceptional electronic, optoelectronic, and sensing properties of inorganic Cs-based perovskites are significantly influenced by the defect chemistry of the material. Although organic halide perovskites that have a polycrystalline structure are heavily studied, understanding of the defect properties at the grain boundaries (GB) of inorganic Cs-based perovskite quantum dots (QDs) is still limited. Here, morphology-dependent charge carrier dynamics of CsPbBr3 quantum dots at the nanoscale by performing scanning probe microscopy of thermally treated samples are investigated. The grain boundaries of defect-engineered samples show higher surface potential than the grain interiors under light illumination, suggesting an effective role of GBs as charge collection and transport channels. The lower density of crystallographic defects and lower trap density at GBs specifically of heat-treated samples cause insignificant dark current, lower local current hysteresis, and higher photocurrent, than the control samples. It is also shown that the decay rate of surface photovoltage of the heated sample is quicker than the control sample, which implies a considerable impact of ion migration on the relaxation dynamic of photogenerated charge carriers. These findings reveal that the annealing process is an effective strategy to control not only the morphology but also the optoelectrical properties of GB defects, and the dynamic of ion migration. Understanding the origin of photoelectric activity in this material allows for designing and engineering optoelectronic QD devices with enhanced functionality.

Suppressing Halide Segregation in Wide-Band-Gap Mixed-Halide Perovskite Layers through Post-Hot Pressing.

Mixed-halide perovskites (MHPs) have attracted attention as suitable wide-band-gap candidate materials for tandem applications owing to their facile band-gap tuning. However, when smaller bromide ions are incorporated into iodides to tune the band gap, photoinduced halide segregation occurs, which leads to voltage deficit and photoinstability. Here, we propose an original post-hot pressing (PHP) treatment that suppresses halide segregation in MHPs with a band gap of 2.0 eV. The PHP treatment reconstructs open-structured grain boundaries (GBs) as compact GBs through constrained grain growth in the in-plane direction, resulting in the inhibition of defect-mediated ion migration in GBs. The PHP-treated wide-band-gap (2.0 eV) MHP solar cells showed a high efficiency of over 11%, achieving an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.35 V and improving the maintenance of the initial efficiency under the working condition at AM 1.5G. The results reveal that the management of GBs is necessary to secure the stability of wide-band-gap MHP devices in terms of halide segregation.

Infliximab-Associated Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: A Rare Complication.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is one of the rare diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and destruction of the renal parenchyma, and it is usually associated with renal infection, and nephrolithiasis. Infliximab is an anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-α) monoclonal antibody, which is widely used for treating inflammatory bowel disease, and it is known to increase the risk of rare and opportunistic infections. In this study, we report a case of XGP presenting after the initiation of infliximab treatment. We highlight one of the possible complications associated with immunosuppression due to infliximab. Furthermore, the importance of increasing the awareness among physicians for early recognition of this rare complication.

A One Step Procedure toward Conductive Suspensions of Liposome-Polyaniline Complexes.

Interaction of conjugated polymers with liposomes is an attractive approach that benefits from both systems' characteristics such as electroactivity and enhanced interaction with cells. Conjugated polymer-liposome complexes have been investigated for bioimaging, drug delivery, and photothermal therapy. Their fabrication has largely been achieved by multistep procedures that require first the synthesis and processing of the conjugated polymer. Here, a new one step fabrication approach is reported based on in situ polymerization of a conjugated monomer precursor around liposomes. Polyaniline (PANI) doped with phytic acid is synthesized via oxidative polymerization in the presence of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) vesicles to produce a conductive aqueous suspension of Liposome-PANI complexes. PANI interacts with liposomes without disrupting the bilayer as shown using differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence quenching studies of the hydrophobic Nile red probe. The electronic conductivity of the Liposome-PANI complexes, which stems from the doped PANI accessible on the liposome surface, is confirmed using conductive atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Further, short-term in vitro cell studies show that the complexes colocalize with the cell membrane without reducing cell proliferation. This study presents a novel fabrication route to conductive suspensions of conjugated polymer-liposome complexes suitable for potential applications at the biointerface.

Room-Temperature Wet Chemical Synthesis of Au NPs/TiH2/Nanocarved Ti Self-Supported Electrocatalysts for Highly Efficient H2 Generation.

Self-supported electrocatalysts are a new class of materials exhibiting high catalytic performance for various electrochemical processes and can be directly equipped in energy conversion devices. We present here, for the first time, sparse Au NPs self-supported on etched Ti (nanocarved Ti substrate self-supported with TiH2) as promising catalysts for the electrochemical generation of hydrogen (H2) in KOH solutions. Cleaned, as-polished Ti substrates were etched in highly concentrated sulfuric acid solutions without and with 0.1 M NH4F at room temperature for 15 min. These two etching processes yielded a thin layer of TiH2 (the corrosion product of the etching process) self-supported on nanocarved Ti substrates with different morphologies. While F--free etching process led to formation of parallel channels (average width: 200 nm), where each channel consists of an array of rounded cavities (average width: 150 nm), etching in the presence of F- yielded Ti surface carved with nanogrooves (average width: 100 nm) in parallel orientation. Au NPs were then grown in situ (self-supported) on such etched surfaces via immersion in a standard gold solution at room temperature without using stabilizers or reducing agents, producing Au NPs/TiH2/nanostructured Ti catalysts. These materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). GIXRD confirmed the formation of Au2Ti phase, thus referring to strong chemical interaction between the supported Au NPs and the substrate surface (also evidenced from XPS) as well as a titanium hydride phase of chemical composition TiH2. Electrochemical measurements in 0.1 M KOH solution revealed outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalytic activity for our synthesized catalysts, with Au NPs/TiH2/nanogrooved Ti catalyst being the best one among them. It exhibited fast kinetics for the HER with onset potentials as low as -22 mV vs. RHE, high exchange current density of 0.7 mA cm-2, and a Tafel slope of 113 mV dec-1. These HER electrochemical kinetic parameters are very close to those measured here for a commercial Pt/C catalyst (onset potential: -20 mV, Tafel slope: 110 mV dec-1, and exchange current density: 0.75 mA cm-2). The high catalytic activity of these materials was attributed to the catalytic impacts of both TiH2 phase and self-supported Au NPs (active sites for the catalytic reduction of water to H2), in addition to their nanostructured features which provide a large-surface area for the HER.