Current Status and Future Perspectives on the Internet of Things in Oncology.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has penetrated many aspects of everyday human life. The use of IoT in healthcare has been expanding over the past few years. In this review, we highlighted the current applications of IoT in the medical literature, along with the challenges and opportunities. IoT use mainly involves sensors and wearables, with potential applications in improving the quality of life, personal health monitoring, and diagnosis of diseases. Our literature review highlights that the current main application studied in the literature is physical activity tracking. In addition, we discuss the current technologies that would help IoT-enabled devices achieve safe, quick, and meaningful data transfer. These technologies include machine learning/artificial intelligence, 5G, and blockchain. Data on current IoT-enabled devices are still limited, and future research should address these devices' effect on patients' outcomes and the methods by which their integration in healthcare will avoid increasing costs.

Chromosome 1q Terminal Deletion and Congenital Glaucoma: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND This paper aims to highlight the presence of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) in a patient with chromosome 1 q31 and q42.1 deletion of the distal long arm. The characteristic combination of phenotypic features in this deletion include dysmorphic features, psychomotor retardation and neurological signs; however, PCG has never been recognized as part of these features before. CASE REPORT This is a case of an 8-year-old female with chromosome 1 q31 and q42.1 deletion with congenital glaucoma since birth. She was found to have bilateral buphthalmos and large cloudy corneas and was also unable to follow or fixate in any directional gaze with either eye. Family history was negative for congenital glaucoma and both parents are healthy and non-consanguineous. Karyotyping showed chromosome 1 microdeletion, 46, XX, del (1) (q31q42.1) on high resolution G-banding. Further genetic testing showed no mutations in the CYP1B1 gene. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we describe a rare presentation of congenital bilateral glaucoma in the context of chromosome 1 q31 and q42.1 deletion. This clinical manifestation is uncommon when compared with that of other subsets of chromosome 1 deletions. Thus, we emphasize the need to explore factors contributing to the development of PCG in patients with chromosomal 1 deletion.

Perceptions of preclinical medical students towards extracurricular activities.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the percentage of students involved in extracurricular activities (EAs), explore relationships between participation in EAs and students' characteristics, and investigate students' perceptions (i.e., motives and barriers) towards participation in EAs. METHODS: An online, anonymous, random, cross-sectional, self-rating survey was administered during spring 2015-2016 to second-year and third-year students (n=340). Chi-square test was used to explore relationships between participation in EAs and students' characteristics. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the mean 5-point Likert scale responses according to students' characteristics. Statistical significance was determined as p<0.05. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-seven students participated in the survey (n=237/340, response rate: 69.7%). Only 143 students (60.3%, n=140/237) participated in EAs, and this percentage significantly differed by gender (χ2(1, N=237)=4.3205, p<0.037), nationality (χ2(1, N=237)=18.7069, p<0.000) and cumulative grade point average (cGPA, χ2(1, N=237)=17.8296, p<0.000). The top three motives towards participation in EAs were: "improve resume" (83.5%, n=198), "improve networking skills" (82.7%, n=196) and "improve teamwork skills" (76.8%, n=182). The top three barriers towards participation in EAs were: "lack of time" (61.2%, n=145), "lack of equal opportunities in EAs" (57.8%, n=137) and "lack of curricular emphasis of EAs" (52.7%, n=125). There was a statistically significant difference of means between male (mean=2.8) and female (mean=3.2) students regarding the following barrier: "affect academic performance negatively" (U=5389.5, p<0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The participation rate in EAs was satisfactory, and positively related to students' characteristics of male gender, non-Saudi nationality and high cGPA. Medical schools should facilitate all potential motives and resolve all associated barriers towards participation in EAs.