Biomarcadores sanguíneos en la enfermedad de Alzheimer / Blood biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease

Introducción: El diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad de Alzheimer mediante la utilización de biomarcadores podría facilitar la instauración y monitorización de intervenciones terapéuticas tempranas con potencial capacidad para modificar significativamente el curso de la enfermedad.DesarrolloLos biomarcadores clásicos de líquido cefalorraquídeo y de neuroimagen estructural y funcional aprobados tienen una aplicación clínica limitada, dado su carácter invasivo o su elevado coste. La identificación de biomarcadores más accesibles y menos costosos, como los sanguíneos, facilitaría su aplicación en la práctica clínica. Se presenta una revisión bibliográfica de los principales biomarcadores bioquímicos sanguíneos con potencial utilidad para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.ConclusionesLos biomarcadores sanguíneos son coste y tiempo efectivos con respecto a los marcadores de líquido cefalorraquídeo. Sin embargo, la aplicabilidad inmediata de los biomarcadores bioquímicos sanguíneos en la práctica clínica es poco esperable. Las principales limitaciones estriban en la dificultad para la medición y estandarización de los umbrales entre los diferentes laboratorios y en los fallos de replicación de resultados. Entre todas las moléculas estudiadas, los biomarcadores de apoptosis y neurodegeneración, al igual que los paneles de biomarcadores obtenidos mediante aproximaciones ómicas —como la metabolómica de forma aislada o combinada— ofrecen los resultados más prometedores. (AU)

Introduction: The early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) via the use of biomarkers could facilitate the implementation and monitoring of early therapeutic interventions with the potential capacity to significantly modify the course of the disease.DevelopmentClassic cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and approved structural and functional neuroimaging have a limited clinical application given their invasive nature and/or high cost. The identification of more accessible and less costly biomarkers, such as blood biomarkers, would facilitate application in clinical practice. We present a literature review of the main blood biochemical biomarkers with potential use for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease.ConclusionsBlood biomarkers are cost and time effective with regard to cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. However, the immediate applicability of blood biochemical biomarkers in clinical practice is not very likely. The main limitations come from the difficulties in measuring and standardising thresholds between different laboratories and in failures to replicate results. Among all the molecules studied, apoptosis and neurodegeneration biomarkers and the biomarker panels obtained through omics approaches, such as isolated or combined metabolomics, offer the most promising results. (AU)

Blood biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease.

INTRODUCTION: Early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) through the use of biomarkers could assist in the implementation and monitoring of early therapeutic interventions, and has the potential to significantly modify the course of the disease. DEVELOPMENT: The classic cerebrospinal fluid and approved structural and functional neuroimaging biomarkers are of limited clinical application given their invasive nature and/or high cost. The identification of more accessible and less costly biomarkers, such as blood biomarkers, would increase their use in clinical practice. We review the available published evidence on the main blood biochemical biomarkers potentially useful for diagnosing AD. CONCLUSIONS: Blood biomarkers are more cost- and time-effective than CSF biomarkers. However, immediate applicability in clinical practice is relatively unlikely. The main limitations come from the difficulty of measuring and standardising thresholds between different laboratories and the failure to replicate results. Of all the molecules studied, apoptosis and neurodegeneration biomarkers and the biomarker panels obtained through "omics" approaches, such as isolated or combined metabolomics, offer the most promising results.

[Primary central nervous system lymphoma in a unusual site: a diagnostic challenge]. / Linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central de localizacion inhabitual: un reto diagnostico.

TITLE: Linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central de localizacion inhabitual: un reto diagnostico.

Blood biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. / Biomarcadores sanguíneos en la enfermedad de Alzheimer.

INTRODUCTION: The early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) via the use of biomarkers could facilitate the implementation and monitoring of early therapeutic interventions with the potential capacity to significantly modify the course of the disease. DEVELOPMENT: Classic cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and approved structural and functional neuroimaging have a limited clinical application given their invasive nature and/or high cost. The identification of more accessible and less costly biomarkers, such as blood biomarkers, would facilitate application in clinical practice. We present a literature review of the main blood biochemical biomarkers with potential use for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS: Blood biomarkers are cost and time effective with regard to cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. However, the immediate applicability of blood biochemical biomarkers in clinical practice is not very likely. The main limitations come from the difficulties in measuring and standardising thresholds between different laboratories and in failures to replicate results. Among all the molecules studied, apoptosis and neurodegeneration biomarkers and the biomarker panels obtained through omics approaches, such as isolated or combined metabolomics, offer the most promising results.