Association analysis between rs6184 and rs6180 polymorphisms of growth hormone receptor gene regarding skeletal-facial profile in a Colombian population.

Background/Objective: There is strong evidence that genetic factors may affect the craniofacial morphology. This study aimed to examine the association between the rs6184 and rs6180 polymorphic variants of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene and skeletal-facial profile in a Colombian population. Subjects/Methods: Saliva samples from 306 individuals ranging in age from 15 to 53 (mean 24.33) years were collected. Cephalometric parameters were used to categorize the participants as Class I, Class II, or Class III skeletal-facial profile. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to identify genotypes of the rs6184 and rs6180 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The association of polymorphisms with the skeletal-facial profile was assessed separately and adjusted for confounding using a multivariate binary logistic regression model, alongside with analysis of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype associations. Results: Although individuals carrying the CA genotype of the rs6184 SNP showed both significantly decreased values for ANB angle and increased measures concerning mandibular body length and mandibular length, no significant differences amongst genotype groups of rs6180 SNP were observed. Moreover, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis revealed that the CA genotype of rs6184 SNP and the A-A haplotype were highly associated with Class III skeletal-facial profile. Conclusions: Although these results do not support that rs6180 SNP could be identified as a predictor for skeletal-facial profile, they suggest that the allele A of rs6184 SNP alone or in combination with other SNPs in the GHR gene yields significant horizontal and longitudinal variations of the mandibular morphology and might be a strong/independent prognostic indicator for Class III skeletal-facial profile in the present population.

Identificación de pacientes con iatrogenias realizadas en otrasinstituciones, que ingresaron al Servicio de Atención Prioritaria de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Antioquia en el periodo 2009-1 / Identification of patients with iatrogenic procedures performed at other institutions who were admitted to the Emergency Service, College of Dentistry, University of Antioquia during the first semester of 2009 (2009-1)

Introducción: las iatrogenias odontológicas entendidas como alteraciones de la salud bucal del paciente, provocadas por el odontólogo, se dan aun entre profesionales altamente calificados, por lo que su prevención es necesaria para una práctica consciente en el esfuerzo de disminuir errores. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las iatrogenias odontológicas realizadas en entidades externas a la Facultad, en los pacientes que ingresaron al Servicio de Atención Prioritaria de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Antioquia en el periodo 2009-1 y obtener datos de la historia clínica que nos permitieran caracterizar de forma global este tipo de población y así orientar el servicio de manera adecuada. Métodos: se revisaron 839 historias clínicas del Servicio de Atención Prioritaria debidamente diligenciadas. En los 36 casos que se evidenció radiográficamente la presencia de iatrogenia se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo, con el fin de caracterizar la población afectada. Resultados: de las historias clínicas con evidencia de iatrogenia el 61,1% correspondió a mujeres y 38,9% a hombres; en cuanto al sistema de aseguramiento, el 36,1% pertenecían al régimen subsidiado de salud. Se observaron iatrogenias como: endodoncias subobturadas (31,3%), subextendidas (23,5%), restauraciones sobrecontorneadas (15,6%), filtración coronal, perforaciones radiculares, elementos intrarradiculares desadaptados, sobreobturación endodóntica, fractura vertical radicular, trauma oclusal, fractura del diente, mal manejo de trauma dentoalveolar y subcontorneado de la restauración, en ese orden de frecuencia. Conclusiones: el 4,29% de la historias revisadas en el 2009-I evidenciaron iatrogenia odontológica, con mayor frecuencia de tipo endodóntico y con remisión al endodoncista.

Introduction: dental iatrogeny, defined as an alteration of the health status of a patient caused by a dental professional, is seen even among highly-qualified professionals; therefore, its prevention is a key factor to carry out a conciensous practice in an effort to reduce the number of mistakes. The objective of this study was to document cases of dental iatrogeny performed at outside institutions in patients who were admitted to the Emergency Service, College of Dentistry at University of Antioquia in Medellín, Colombia, during the first semester of 2009 (2009-I). Furthermore, to obtain data from the dental history in order to characterize this type of population and provide a correct orientation for this service. Methods: 839 complete dental records from the Emergency Service were reviewed. In the 36 cases with radiographic evidence of iatrogenic procedures, a descriptive statistical analysis was carried out to characterize the affected population. Results: after analyzing the dental records with radiographic evidence of iatrogeny, 61.1% corresponded to female patients and 38.9% to male patients. Regarding the health care system, 36.1% corresponded to the subsidized system. The following iatrogenic events were observed and they are presented in order of frequency: underfilled endodontic obturations (31.3%), overextended obturations (23.5%), overcontoured restorations (15.6%), coronal leaking, root perforations, poorly-adapted intraradicular elements, overfilled endodontic obturations, vertical root fractures, occlusal trauma, tooth fracture, poorly-handled dental trauma, and undercontoured restorations. Conclusions: 4.29% of the dental records reviewed in 2009-1 showed evidence of dental iatrogeny. There was a higher frequency of endodontic problems with referral to the endodontist.