Sickle Cell Trait Induces Oxidative Damage on Plasmodium falciparum Proteome at Erythrocyte Stages.

The presence of hemoglobin A-S (HbAS) in erythrocytes has been related to the high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increased in intracellular oxidative stress that affects the progress of Plasmodium erythrocytic cycle life and attenuates its serious clinical symptoms. Nevertheless, oxidative effects on P. falciparum proteome across the intraerythrocytic cycle in the presence of HbAS traits have not been described yet. Here, an immune dot-blot assay was used to quantify the carbonyl index (C.I) on P. falciparum 3D7 proteome at the different asexual erythrocytic stages. Protein carbonylation on parasites cultivated in erythrocytes from two donors with HbAS increased 5.34 ± 1.42 folds at the ring stage compared to control grown in hemoglobin A-A (HbAA) red blood cells. Whereas at trophozoites and schizonts stages were augmented 2.80 ± 0.52 and 3.05 ± 0.75 folds, respectively. Besides proteins involved in processes of the stress response, recognition and invasion were identified from schizonts carbonylated bands by combining SDS-PAGE with MALDI-TOF-TOF analysis. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that such oxidative modifications do not appear to happen randomly, and the sickle cell trait affects mainly a small fraction of parasite proteins particularly sensitive to ROS.

Control glucémico y metabólico integral: dos metas complementarias para el paciente diabético / Glucemic and metabolic integral control: two additional goals for the diabetic patient

Frecuentemente, cuando se menciona control de diabetes se piensa en el sostenimiento de cifras glucémicas cercanas a la normalidad, y se descuidan otras variables de riesgo cardiovascular. Objetivo: Evaluar el control glucémico mediante Hemoglobina glucosilada A1c (HbA1c) y determinar la presencia de hipertensión arterial, perfil lipídico alterado y obesidad, para conocer cómo se relacionan y sus limitaciones evaluativas cuando se asumen individualmente para definir el grado de control metabólico integral alcanzado. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio poblacional transversal en 131 pacientes diabéticos, mayores de 30 años, usuarios de una Entidad Promotora de Salud, en Cartagena de Indias (Colombia), durante el año 2006, en los cuales, previa solicitud de consentimiento informado, se tomaron medidas antropométricas, de presión arterial y muestras de sangre para análisis bioquímicos. Resultados: El 58% de los pacientes mostró control glucémico adecuado y 18% inadecuado. Los niveles séricos promedio fueron: glucosa, 150 mg/dL; LDL-Colesterol, 133 mg/dL y trigliceridos, 151 mg/dL. Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular con mayor presencia fueron obesidad, LDL-Colesterol e hipertensión arterial (78%, 73% y 47%) y están presentes también en pacientes con niveles de hemoglobina glucosiladas normales. Conclusión: Es insuficiente la medida aislada de HbA1c como evaluadora del estado metabólico integral del paciente diabético. Es necesario fortalecer las estrategias para reducir el riesgo cardiovascular en esta población...

Often, when you mention diabetes control people think about keeping glycemics levels close to normal, neglecting other variables of cardiovascular risks. Objectives: It was to assess glycemic control as measured by hemoglobin glycosylated A1c and to determinate the presence of hypertension, obesity and altered lipid profile, to learn how they interrelate, and observed its evaluative limitations when taken apart in defining the extent of integral metabolic control achieved. Materials and methods: There were carried out a populational cross-sectional study in 131 diabetic patients older than 30 years, users of an Healthcare Program, in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, during the year 2006, in which, previous informed assent, anthropometrics measurements were taken in body, arterial pressure and a sample of blood for biochemical analysis. Results: The 58% of the patients showed adequate glycemic control and 18% inappropriate. The average serum levels were: glucose, 150 mg/dL; LDL-cholesterol, 133 mg/dL and triglycerides, 151 mg/dL. The cardiovascular risk factors with greater presence were obesity, LDL-cholesterol and hypertension (78%, 73% and 47%) and they are also present in patients with normal glycated hemoglobin levels. Conclusions: The study concludes that the measure of HbA1c alone is inadequate as an evaluator of the comprehensive metabolic state of a patient who is diabetic, and that there is a necessity to strengthen strategies to reduce cardiovascular risks in this population...

Prevalencia de desórdenes del metabolismo de los glúcidos y perfil del diabético en Cartagena de Indias (Colombia), 2005 / Prevalence of metabolism disorder of glusides and profile of diabetics in Cartagena Colombia 2005

Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en adultos mayores de 30 años residentes en Cartagena de Indias y caracterizar fenotípica y metabólicamente al paciente diabético en el año 2005. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Diabetes mellitus type 2 in adults of 30 years or older, residentsin Cartagena, and to characterize metabolically and phenotypically our the diabetic patient.Methods: Study of descriptive approach and cross section. The sample included a total of 749 peopleobtained by means of a simple random sampling stratified by sectors. An interview was applied tocollect and to brief the information on variables of life styles, familiar antecedents and sociodemo-graphics, anthropometric and perimeter of waist and hip. Uninformed blood samples in determiningconcentration of glucemia and lipidic profile by enzymatic colorimetric methods were taken. When itwas necessary, test of oral tolerance to the glucose was made, to diagnose faults in the metabolism of theglucids. The analysis of results was made using the program Epi-Info 2005 and Microsoft Excel.Results: The prevalences by age and sex were of 8.93 percent for Diabetes mellitus type 2 , 1.73 por ciento for GlucoseIntolerance and 0.88 percent for Impaired Fasting Glucose. Most of the participants they were sedentaryand they were in obesity or overweight, presenting a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in thethree categories (60.2 por ciento, 65 percent and 77.8 percent respectively). The findings force to conclude in the necessityto implement programs that promote healthful styles of life obtaining of that way to hit the profiles ofmorbimortality of this type of metabolic disorders.