Exploring the toxicity profile of coriander (C. sativum L.) essential oil: implications for translational toxicological research.

The plant species C. sativum L. is a staple in cuisine and holds significant ethnopharmacological value. Its essential oil (EO) is of particular interest, yet its toxicity profile remains a subject of inquiry. This study aimed to elucidate the chemical constituents of C. sativum L. EO and evaluate its toxicity through various parameters, including cytotoxicity assays on HaCaT keratinocytes, in vivo toxicity tests on Galleria mellonella larvae, in vivo genotoxicity assessments on mice and cytotoxicity assays on human erythrocytes. Notably, major constituents such as 2-decen-1-ol, dec-(2E)-enal, and 1,6-octadien-3-ol were found to remain predominant. The IC50 value for the essential oil on the keratinocyte cell line was determined to be 60.13 ± 2.02 µg/mL. However, in vivo toxicity tests with G. mellonella larvae demonstrated safety at doses below 4.5 g/kg. Additionally, genotoxicity assessment revealed that a single dose of 20 mg/mL (5 mg/kg) did not induce a significant increase in micronuclei formation. EO concentrations above 250 µg/mL led to significant changes in human erythrocytes cell viability (p < 0.0001), resulting in over 60% hemolysis. These findings collectively suggest that the essential oil of C. sativum L. exhibits a suitable toxicity profile for conducting preclinical studies in vertebrate animal models.

Orofacial antinociceptive activity of codeine-associated geraniol in mice: a controlled triple-blind study.

This is a nonclinical, controlled, and triple-blind study to investigate the effects of codeine-associated geraniol on the modulation of orofacial nociception and its potential central nervous system depressing effect in an animal model. The orofacial antinociceptive activity of geraniol in combination with codeine was assessed through the following tests: (i) formalin-induced pain, (ii) glutamate-induced pain, and (iii) capsaicin-induced pain. Six animals were equally distributed into six groups and received the following treatments, given intraperitoneally (i.p.) 30 minutes before the experiments: a) geraniol/codeine 50/30 mg/kg; b) geraniol/codeine 50/15 mg/kg; c) geraniol/codeine 50/7.5 mg/kg; d) geraniol 50 mg/kg; e) codeine 30 mg/kg (positive control); or f) 0.9% sodium chloride (negative control). We performed pain behavior analysis after the injection of formalin (20 µL, 20%), glutamate (20 µL, 25 µM), and capsaicin (20 µL, 2.5 µg) into the paranasal region. Rubbing time of the paranasal region by the hind or front paw was used as a parameter. In the neurogenic phase of the formalin test, the geraniol/codeine at 50/7.5 mg/kg was able to promote the maximum antinociceptive effect, reducing nociception by 71.9% (p < 0.0001). In the inflammatory phase of the formalin test, geraniol/codeine at 50/30 mg/kg significantly reduced orofacial nociception (p < 0.005). In the glutamate test, geraniol/codeine at 50/30 mg/kg reduced the rubbing time by 54.2% and reduced nociception in the capsaicin test by 66.7% (p < 0.005). Geraniol alone or in combination does not promote nonspecific depressing effects on the central nervous system. Based on our findings, we suggest the possible synergy between geraniol and codeine in the modulation of orofacial pain.

In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of a New Chromone Derivative against Candida spp.

Candida species are frequently implicated in the development of both superficial and invasive fungal infections, which can impact vital organs. In the quest for novel strategies to combat fungal infections, there has been growing interest in exploring synthetic and semi-synthetic products, particularly chromone derivatives, renowned for their antimicrobial properties. In the analysis of the antifungal activity of the compound (E)-benzylidene-chroman-4-one against Candida, in silico and laboratory tests were performed to predict possible mechanisms of action pathways, and in vitro tests were performed to determine antifungal activity (MIC and MFC), to verify potential modes of action on the fungal cell membrane and wall, and to assess cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes. The tested compound exhibited predicted affinity for all fungal targets, with the highest predicted affinity observed for thymidylate synthase (-102.589 kJ/mol). MIC and CFM values ranged from 264.52 µM (62.5 µg/mL) to 4232.44 µM (1000 µg/mL). The antifungal effect likely occurs due to the action of the compound on the plasma membrane. Therefore, (E)-benzylidene-chroman-4-one showed fungicidal-like activity against Candida spp., possibly targeting the plasma membrane.

Antifungal Activity, Mode of Action, and Cytotoxicity of 4-Chlorobenzyl p-Coumarate: A Promising New Molecule.

Fungal infections represent a serious health problem worldwide. The study evaluated the antifungal activity of 4-chlorobenzyl p-coumarate, an unprecedented semi-synthetic molecule. Docking molecular and assay experiments were conducted to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), mode of action, effect on growth, fungal death kinetics, drug association, effects on biofilm, micromorphology, and against human keratinocytes. The investigation included 16 strains of Candida spp, including C. albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, C. lusitaniae, C. utilis, C. rugosa, C. guilhermondi, and C. parapsilosis. Docking analysis predicted affinity between the molecule and all tested targets. MIC and MFC values ranged from 3.9 µg/mL (13.54 µM) to 62.5 µg/mL (217.01 µM), indicating a probable effect on the plasma membrane. The molecule inhibited growth from the first hour of testing. Association with nystatin proved to be indifferent. All concentrations of the molecule reduced fungal biofilm. The compound altered fungal micromorphology. The tested compound exhibited an IC50 of 7.90±0.40 µg/mL (27.45±1.42 µM) for keratinocytes. 4-chlorobenzyl p-coumarate showed strong fungicidal effects, likely through its action on the plasma membrane and alteration of fungal micromorphology, and mildly cytotoxic to human keratinocytes.

Cytotoxicity and Biological Activities of Geopopolis Extract from the Stingless bee (Melipona scutellaris) in Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus.

Geopropolis resins are produced by stingless bees (Meliponinae), developed from the collection of resinous materials, waxes and exudates, from the flora of the region where stingless bees are present, in addition to the addition of clay or earth in its composition. Several biological activities are attributed to Ethanol Extracts of Geopropolis (EEGP). The bioactive properties are associated with the complex chemical composition that the samples have. This work aims to evaluate the biological activities of the EEGP, in order to contribute with a natural therapeutic alternative, to face infections, mainly those caused by resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The EEGP MIC tests showed antibacterial activity against two strains of S. aureus, both at concentrations of 550 µg/mL. The MBC performed with the inhibition values showed that the EEGP has bacteriostatic activity in both strains. Biofilm inhibition rates exhibited an average value greater than 65 % at the highest concentration. The EEGP antioxidant potential test showed good antioxidant activity (IC50) of 11.05±1.55 µg/mL. In the cytotoxicity test against HaCat cells, after 24 hours, EEGP induced cell viability at the three tested concentrations (550 µg/mL: 81.68±3.79 %; 1100 µg/mL: 67.10±3.76 %; 2200 µg/mL: 67.40±1.86 %). In view of the above, the safe use of EEGP from the brazilian northeast could be proven by the cytotoxicity test, and its use as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent has proven to be effective, as an alternative in combating oxidative stress and microorganisms such as S. aureus, which, through the spread and ongoing evolution of drug resistance, generates an active search for effective solutions.

Pain characterization in patients with Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often report chronic pain, which is one of the most complex non-motor symptoms. Therefore, this study aims to review the literature on the characteristics of pain in patients with PD. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted following MOOSE recommendations. Observational studies reporting pain in patients with PD were included. No time restrictions were applied, but studies in Portuguese, Spanish, and English were considered. The search was performed in PubMed®, LILACS, and SciELO databases. RESULTS: Twenty-six articles of observational studies were identified, reporting an average pain prevalence of 67.36%, emphasizing the significance of this symptom in the PD population. Pain was reported in various body regions, including lower limbs, upper limbs, lumbar spine, cervical spine, and other joints. Pain classification varied, encompassing musculoskeletal pain, PD-related pain, neuropathic pain, and dystonic pain, among others. DISCUSSION: Pain in patients with PD is a prevalent and multifactorial condition, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. CONCLUSION: Heterogeneity in data across included studies was observed, highlighting the need for additional research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of pain in patients with PD and develop effective therapeutic strategies to address this symptom and improve the quality of life for individuals living with the disease.

Quality assessment of mobile applications on postpartum hemorrhage management.

OBJECTIVE: To assess mobile application quality on the management of postpartum hemorrhage available in the digital stores of the main operating systems. METHOD: A descriptive evaluative study, carried out from January to February 2023 on the App Store® and Google Play Store®. The Mobile Application Rating Scale was used to assess quality (engagement, functionality, aesthetics, information and subjective quality). Information extraction and assessment on postpartum hemorrhage was carried out using a table with information based on official documents, containing stratification, prevention, diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS: Seven applications were included; of these, three were in English, six had an Android operating system. The quality mean was 3.88. The highest means were for functionality, reaching 5.0 (n = 6), and the lowest were for engagement, less than 3.0 (n = 4). The majority of applications presented less than 50% of the information on postpartum hemorrhage management. CONCLUSION: The applications assessed achieved an acceptable quality mean and, according to health organizations' current protocols, did not contain the necessary information for complete postpartum hemorrhage management.

Orofacial antinociceptive activity of codeine-associated geraniol in mice: a controlled triple-blind study

Abstract This is a nonclinical, controlled, and triple-blind study to investigate the effects of codeine-associated geraniol on the modulation of orofacial nociception and its potential central nervous system depressing effect in an animal model. The orofacial antinociceptive activity of geraniol in combination with codeine was assessed through the following tests: (i) formalin-induced pain, (ii) glutamate-induced pain, and (iii) capsaicin-induced pain. Six animals were equally distributed into six groups and received the following treatments, given intraperitoneally (i.p.) 30 minutes before the experiments: a) geraniol/codeine 50/30 mg/kg; b) geraniol/codeine 50/15 mg/kg; c) geraniol/codeine 50/7.5 mg/kg; d) geraniol 50 mg/kg; e) codeine 30 mg/kg (positive control); or f) 0.9% sodium chloride (negative control). We performed pain behavior analysis after the injection of formalin (20 µL, 20%), glutamate (20 µL, 25 µM), and capsaicin (20 µL, 2.5 µg) into the paranasal region. Rubbing time of the paranasal region by the hind or front paw was used as a parameter. In the neurogenic phase of the formalin test, the geraniol/codeine at 50/7.5 mg/kg was able to promote the maximum antinociceptive effect, reducing nociception by 71.9% (p < 0.0001). In the inflammatory phase of the formalin test, geraniol/codeine at 50/30 mg/kg significantly reduced orofacial nociception (p < 0.005). In the glutamate test, geraniol/codeine at 50/30 mg/kg reduced the rubbing time by 54.2% and reduced nociception in the capsaicin test by 66.7% (p < 0.005). Geraniol alone or in combination does not promote nonspecific depressing effects on the central nervous system. Based on our findings, we suggest the possible synergy between geraniol and codeine in the modulation of orofacial pain.

Antifungal activity against Candida albicans of methyl 3,5-dinitrobenzoate loaded nanoemulsion.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of free methyl 3,5 dinitrobenzoate (MDNB) and its nanoemulsion (MDNB-NE) against strains of Candida albicans. Additionally, a molecular modeling study was also carried out to propose the mechanism of action and toxicity of MDNB. These results demonstrated the MDNB-NE presented a droplet size of 181.16 ± 3.20 nm and polydispersity index of 0.30 ± 0.03. MDNB and MDNB-NE inhibited the growth of all strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.27-1.10 mM. The biological results corroborated the molecular model, which pointed to a multi-target antifungal mechanism of action for MDNB in C. albicans. The study could serve as a basis for further research involving compounds with nitro groups with antifungal.

Derivative of 7-hydroxycoumarin has antifungal potential against Candida species and low cytotoxicity against human cells: In silico studies and biological evaluation.

This study investigates the antifungal and cytotoxic properties of 7-(pentyloxy)-2H-chromen-2-one. Through molecular docking and dynamics simulations, we explored the compound's interactions with fungal cell protein targets. Notably, it exhibited strong affinities for 1,3ß-glucan synthase, squalene epoxidase, δ-14-sterol reductase, 14-α-demethylase, and thymidylate synthase, with binding energies ranging from -100.39 to -73.15 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed its stable binding at active targets. The MIC and MFC values ranged from 67.16 µM (15.6 µg/mL) to 537.28 µM (125.0 µg/mL). The compound displayed promising antifungal effects, inhibiting fungal growth for at least 24 hours. Fungal plasma membrane function alteration likely contributed to these antifungal mechanisms. Additionally, the combination of the compound with nystatin, fluconazole, and caspofungin showed indifferent effects on antifungal activity. Cytotoxicity assessment in human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) revealed an IC50 of 100 µM, which was approximately 1.5 times higher than the MIC for C. krusei. Thus, the compound exhibited strongly in silico and in vitro antifungal activity with low cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells. These findings support its potential as a candidate for further development as an antifungal compound.

Effect of multidrug solution for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in vivo.

Objective: Evaluate the effect of a multidrug solution, adopted by a referral hospital for cancer to control and treat chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in rats. Methods: Oral mucositis (OM) was induced by 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), and the animals were treated with saline (n = 8, G1), 0.12% chlorhexidine (n = 8, G2); and multidrug solution (n = 8, G3). The animals were submitted to clinical and histological analysis of the lesion using mucosal fragments. The animals' food consumption during treatment was also evaluated. Results: Clinical improvement (p < 0.05) was observed in the groups treated with the multidrug solution and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. In G2 and G3, there was a prevalence of reepithelialization covering <50% of the lesion. Evaluation of the inflammatory infiltrate indicated that the G1 treatment permitted an intense inflammatory response in all animals, yet this evaluation parameter was moderate in groups G2 and G3. The G3 group (p < 0.05) presented higher food consumption than the other groups. Conclusions: The multidrug solution improved the clinical and histological parameters of the chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis, as well as promoted an increase in food intake.

α-Pinene: Docking Study, Cytotoxicity, Mechanism of Action, and Anti-Biofilm Effect against Candida albicans.

Candida albicans is associated with serious infections in immunocompromised patients. Terpenes are natural-product derivatives, widely studied as antifungal alternatives. In a previous study reported by our group, the antifungal activity of α-pinene against C. albicans was verified; α-pinene presented an MIC between 128-512 µg/mL. In this study, we evaluate time-kill, a mechanism of action using in silico and in vitro tests, anti-biofilm activity against the Candida albicans, and toxicity against human cells (HaCaT). Results from the molecular-docking simulation demonstrated that thymidylate synthase (-52 kcal mol-1), and δ-14-sterol reductase (-44 kcal mol-1) presented the best interactions. Our in vitro results suggest that α-pinene's antifungal activity involves binding to ergosterol in the cellular membrane. In the time-kill assay, the antifungal activity was not time-dependent, and also inhibited biofilm formation, while rupturing up to 88% of existing biofilm. It was non-cytotoxic to human keratinocytes. Our study supports α-pinene as a candidate to treat fungal infections caused by C. albicans.

Computational Studies Applied to Linalool and Citronellal Derivatives Against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disorders: A Review with Experimental Approach.

Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are neurodegenerative disorders that affect a great number of people around the world, seriously compromising the quality of life of individuals, due to motor and cognitive damage. In these diseases, pharmacological treatment is used only to alleviate symptoms. This emphasizes the need to discover alternative molecules for use in prevention. Using Molecular Docking, this review aimed to evaluate the anti-Alzheimer's and anti-Parkinson's activity of linalool and citronellal, as well as their derivatives. Before performing Molecular Docking simulations, the compounds' pharmacokinetic characteristics were evaluated. For Molecular Docking, 7 chemical compounds derived from citronellal, and 10 compounds derived from linalool, and molecular targets involved in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's pathophysiology were selected. According to the Lipinski rules, the compounds under study presented good oral absorption and bioavailability. For toxicity, some tissue irritability was observed. For Parkinson-related targets, the citronellal and linalool derived compounds revealed excellent energetic affinity for α-Synuclein, Adenosine Receptors, Monoamine Oxidase (MAO), and Dopamine D1 receptor proteins. For Alzheimer disease targets, only linalool and its derivatives presented promise against BACE enzyme activity. The compounds studied presented high probability of modulatory activity against the disease targets under study, and are potential candidates for future drugs.

Utilização da técnica do átomo social no processo de psicodiagnóstico / Use of the social atom technique in the psychodiagnostic process / Uso de la técnica del átomo social en el proceso psicodiagnostico

RESUMO A sociometria tem como propósito a investigação/mensuração das relações interpessoais. Uma das técnicas sociométricas para uso na prática individual é o átomo social, que é caracterizado como o conjunto das relações emocionalmente significativas que o indivíduo estabelece e desenvolve. O objetivo do presente artigo é investigar o uso do átomo social para o procedimento de psicodiagnóstico. Fez-se uso de uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando como método o estudo de caso. A análise do caso clínico serviu para entender como o átomo pode auxiliar na construção de uma avaliação psicológica mais integral, possibilitando a investigação da dinâmica psíquica do indivíduo e da sua demanda de forma mais lúdica e participativa. Também foi interessante constatar que as informações trazidas pelo átomo confirmaram os achados das outras técnicas empregadas.

ABSTRACT Sociometry aims to investigate/measure interpersonal relationships. One of the sociometric techniques for use in individual practice is the social atom, which is characterized as the set of emotionally significant relationships that the subject establishes. The objective of the article was to investigate the use of the social atom for the psychodiagnosis procedure. A qualitative approach was used, using the experience report as a method. The analysis of the clinical case served to understand how the atom can help in the construction of a more comprehensive psychological assessment, enabling the ludic and participatory investigation of the psychic dynamics of the subject and his demand. It was interesting to note that the information brought by the atom collaborated with the findings of the other techniques employed.

RESUMEN La sociometría tiene como objetivo investigar/medir las relaciones interpersonales. Una de las técnicas sociométricas a utilizar en la práctica individual es el átomo social, que se caracteriza como el conjunto de relaciones emocionalmente significativas que establece el sujeto. El objetivo del artículo fue investigar el uso del átomo social para el procedimiento de psicodiagnóstico. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo, utilizando como método el relato de experiencia. El análisis del caso clínico sirvió para comprender cómo el átomo puede ayudar en la construcción de una evaluación psicológica más integral, posibilitando la investigación lúdica y participativa de la dinámica psíquica del sujeto y su demanda. Fue interesante notar que la información aportada por el átomo colaboró con los hallazgos de las otras técnicas empleadas.

Quality assessment of mobile applications on postpartum hemorrhage management / Evaluación de la calidad de aplicaciones móviles en el manejo de la hemorragia posparto / Avaliação da qualidade de aplicativos móveis sobre o manejo da hemorragia pós-parto

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess mobile application quality on the management of postpartum hemorrhage available in the digital stores of the main operating systems. Method: A descriptive evaluative study, carried out from January to February 2023 on the App Store® and Google Play Store®. The Mobile Application Rating Scale was used to assess quality (engagement, functionality, aesthetics, information and subjective quality). Information extraction and assessment on postpartum hemorrhage was carried out using a table with information based on official documents, containing stratification, prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Results: Seven applications were included; of these, three were in English, six had an Android operating system. The quality mean was 3.88. The highest means were for functionality, reaching 5.0 (n = 6), and the lowest were for engagement, less than 3.0 (n = 4). The majority of applications presented less than 50% of the information on postpartum hemorrhage management. Conclusion: The applications assessed achieved an acceptable quality mean and, according to health organizations' current protocols, did not contain the necessary information for complete postpartum hemorrhage management.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de las aplicaciones móviles sobre el manejo de la hemorragia posparto disponibles en las tiendas digitales de los principales sistemas operativos. Método: Estudio de evaluación descriptivo, realizado de enero a febrero de 2023 en las tiendas digitales App Store® y Google Play Store®. Se utilizó la Escala de Calificación de Aplicaciones Móviles para evaluar la calidad (compromiso, funcionalidad, estética, información y calidad subjetiva). La extracción y evaluación de la información sobre la hemorragia posparto se realizó mediante una tabla con información basada en documentos oficiales, que contiene clasificación, prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Resultados: Se incluyeron siete aplicaciones; de ellos, tres estaban en inglés, seis tenían sistema operativo Android. El promedio de calidad fue 3,88. Los promedios más altos fueron para la funcionalidad, alcanzando 5,0 (n = 6), y los más bajos fueron para el compromiso, menos de 3,0 (n = 4). La mayoría de las solicitudes presentaron menos del 50% de la información sobre el manejo de la hemorragia posparto. Conclusión: Las aplicaciones evaluadas alcanzaron un promedio de calidad aceptable y, según los protocolos vigentes de las organizaciones de salud, no contenían la información necesaria para el manejo completo de la hemorragia posparto.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade dos aplicativos móveis sobre o manejo da hemorragia pós-parto disponíveis nas lojas digitais dos principais sistemas operacionais. Método: Estudo descritivo de avaliação, realizado de janeiro a fevereiro de 2023 nas lojas digitais App Store® e Google Play Store®. Foi utilizada a Mobile Application Rating Scale para avaliação da qualidade (engajamento, funcionalidade, estética, informação e qualidade subjetiva). A extração e a avaliação das informações sobre hemorragia pós-parto foram realizadas a partir de um quadro com informações baseadas em documentos oficiais, contendo a classificação, prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento. Resultados: Sete aplicativos foram incluídos; desses, três estavam em inglês, seis tinham sistema operacional Android. A média de qualidade foi de 3,88. As maiores médias foram da funcionalidade, alcançando 5,0 (n = 6), e as menores foram de engajamento, menos que 3,0 (n = 4). A maioria dos aplicativos apresentou menos de 50% das informações sobre o manejo de hemorragia pós-parto. Conclusão: Os aplicativos avaliados alcançaram média de qualidade aceitável e, conforme os protocolos vigentes das organizações de saúde, não continham as informações necessárias para o manejo completo da hemorragia pós-parto.

Percepção das gestantes atendidas na atenção básica à saúde sobre a atuação fisioterapêutica obstétrica / Perception of pregnant women about obstetric physiotherapy in primary health care / Percepción de las embarazadas atendidas en atención primaria de salud sobre el desempeño fisioterapéutico obstétrico

A fisioterapia obstétrica surge com a necessidade de atender a gestante em suas variadas semanas de gestação, no trabalho de parto e no puerpério. Tem como propósito promover a prevenção de complicações, desconfortos e disfunções musculoesqueléticas e uroginecológicas, além do alívio das dores, orientação postural e percepção corporal. O objetivo deste artigo é traçar o nível de conhecimento das gestantes atendidas nas unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) do município de Teresópolis (RJ), na tentativa de verificar a existência e operacionalização dos mecanismos de acesso à informação dessas usuárias quanto à fisioterapia obstétrica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, de caráter qualiquantitativo, baseada na aplicação de um questionário sobre o tema. O questionário buscou avaliar o grau de conhecimento das gestantes a respeito da atuação da fisioterapia no período gestacional, parto e pós-parto. Ao analisar os dados coletados, alcançamos os seguintes resultados: 27 gestantes responderam ao questionário. Destas, 74,1% não conheciam a atuação fisioterapêutica na disfunção musculoesquelética durante a gestação, 51,9% não sabiam que o fisioterapeuta atua durante o trabalho de parto e 77,8% não conheciam a atuação fisioterapêutica no pós-parto. Os resultados sugerem que as gestantes atendidas na Atenção Básica do município de Teresópolis têm pouco conhecimento sobre a fisioterapia obstétrica e sua importância durante a fase gestacional, parto e pós-parto.

Obstetric physiotherapy emerged to care for pregnant women throughout gestation, labor, and puerperium. It aims to prevent complications, discomforts, and musculoskeletal and urogynecological disfunctions, as well as pain relief, postural orientation, and body perception. Hence, this study sough to outline the level of knowledge of pregnant women attended in Basic Health Units in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to verify the existence and operationalization of mechanisms of access to information for these users regarding obstetric physiotherapy. This is a cross-sectional, qualitative and quantitative research. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire, which sought to assess the degree of knowledge of pregnant women about the role of physical therapy during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. A total of 27 pregnant women answered the questionnaire, showing that 74.1% ignored the physiotherapeutic role in musculoskeletal dysfunction during pregnancy, 51.9% did not know that physiotherapists are involved in labor, and 77.8% did not know about the physiotherapeutic role in postpartum. The results suggest that pregnant women assisted in primary care in the municipality of Teresópolis have little knowledge regarding obstetric physiotherapy and its importance during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum.

La fisioterapia obstétrica surge con la necesidad de atender a la mujer embarazada en su gestación, en el trabajo de parto y en el puerperio. Su objetivo es promover la prevención de complicaciones, molestias y trastornos musculoesqueléticos y uroginecológicos, además del alivio del dolor, la orientación postural y la percepción corporal. El objetivo de este artículo es rastrear el nivel de conocimiento de las embarazadas atendidas en las Unidades Básicas de Salud del municipio de Teresópolis, en Rio de Janeiro (Brasil), para verificar la existencia y operacionalización de mecanismos de acceso a la información de esas usuarias sobre fisioterapia obstétrica. Se caracteriza por ser una investigación transversal, de carácter cualicuantitativo, a partir de la aplicación de un cuestionario sobre el tema. El cuestionario buscó evaluar el grado de conocimiento de las mujeres embarazadas sobre la realización de la fisioterapia en el período gestacional, parto y puerperio. Al analizar los datos recolectados, se llegó a los siguientes resultados: 27 embarazadas respondieron al cuestionario. De las cuales el 74,1% desconocía el papel de la fisioterapia en el trastorno musculoesquelético durante el embarazo, el 51,9% desconocía que el fisioterapeuta trabaja durante el parto y el 77,8% no conocía el papel de la fisioterapia posparto. Los resultados muestran que las mujeres embarazadas atendidas en la atención primaria de la ciudad de Teresópolis tienen poco conocimiento sobre la fisioterapia obstétrica y su importancia durante la fase de gestación, parto y puerperio.

Effects of long-term cinnamaldehyde immersion on the surface roughness and color of heat-polymerized denture base resin.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Cinnamaldehyde has been successfully used for the short-term disinfection of dentures; however, its long-term effects on the surface and color properties of denture base materials remain unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of simulated immersion in cinnamaldehyde for up to 5 years on the surface roughness and color parameters of a heat-polymerized denture resin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty Ø10×5-mm disk-shaped specimens were prepared from microwave heat-polymerized polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and immersed in 4 solutions (n=20): TW-tap water (control), SH - 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, PX-alkaline peroxide, and CA-cinnamaldehyde (27 µg/mL). The immersion protocol simulated 104 cycles (3.5 months), 913 cycles (2.5 years), and 1825 immersion cycles (5 years) of a daily immersion cleaning protocol, with immersion times ranging from 10 to 20-minutes. Surface roughness (Sa) and the color parameters of CIELab (L∗ a∗ b∗, ΔEab), CIEDE2000 (ΔE00), and the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) were analyzed at baseline (t=0) and after the immersion cycles. The data were analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures and the Tukey post hoc test (α=.01). RESULTS: Sa was significantly increased in all groups after 1825 cycles compared with baseline (P<.01), regardless of the solution. Only the time factor significantly affected ΔEab, ΔE00, and NBS parameters, which were below the perceptibility and acceptability thresholds. After a simulated 5-year immersion, the surface roughness and color values of CA-treated specimens were not statistically different from those of the other groups (P>.01). CONCLUSIONS: Cinnamaldehyde solution (27 µg/mL) produced minor effects on the surface roughness and color parameters of a heat-polymerized denture base resin similar to those of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and alkaline peroxide after a 5-year simulated immersion.

Synthesis of Coumarin and Homoisoflavonoid Derivatives and Analogs: The Search for New Antifungal Agents.

A set of twenty-four synthetic derivatives, with coumarin and homoisoflavonoid cores and structural analogs, were submitted for evaluation of antifungal activity against various species of Candida. The broth microdilution test was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the compounds and to verify the possible antifungal action mechanisms. The synthetic derivatives were obtained using various reaction methods, and six new compounds were obtained. The structures of the synthesized products were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy: 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS. The coumarin derivative 8 presented the best antifungal profile, suggesting that the pentyloxy substituent at the C-7 position of coumarin ring could potentiate the bioactivity. Compound 8 was then evaluated against the biofilm of C. tropicalis ATCC 13803, which showed a statistically significant reduction in biofilm at concentrations of 0.268 µmol/mL and 0.067 µmol/mL, when compared to the growth control group. For a better understanding of their antifungal activity, compounds 8 and 21 were submitted to a study of the mode of action on the fungal cell wall and plasma membrane. It was observed that neither compound interacted directly with ergosterol present in the fungal plasma membrane or with the fungal cell wall. This suggests that their bioactivity was due to interaction involving other pharmacological targets. Compound 8 was also subjected to a molecular modeling study, which showed that its antifungal action mechanism occurred mainly through interference in the redox balance of the fungal cell, and by compromising the plasma membrane; not by direct interaction, but by interference in ergosterol synthesis. Another important finding was the antifungal capacity of homoisoflavonoids 23 and 24. Derivative 23 presented slightly higher antifungal activity, possibly due to the presence of the methoxyl substituent in the meta position in ring B.

Safety and tolerability of cinnamaldehyde in orabase for oral candidiasis treatment: phase I clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To advance studies on the effect of a new pharmaceutical formulation for the treatment of oral fungal infections, we evaluated the safety and tolerability of orabase ointment containing cinnamaldehyde for use on the oral mucosa. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A clinical trial (phase I) was carried out on 35 individuals with healthy oral mucosa divided into three groups: ointments at 200 µg/mL, n = 12; 300 µg/mL, n = 11; and 400 µg/mL, n = 12. Product safety was assessed using three parameters: (a) clinical evolution as recorded by trained examiners; (b) evolution of the inflammatory process as registered by an exfoliative cytology exam and analyzed by trained pathologists; (c) mucosal swab to count Candida spp. colony-forming units (CFU). These parameters were analyzed both beforehand and at 15 days of treatment. RESULTS: The three ointment concentrations evaluated did not trigger inflammatory processes. The mycological analyses revealed a reduction of at least 99% in the number of Candida spp. CFU. In the exfoliative cytology analyses, the cells were found to be healthy. Participants reported a pleasant taste, yet 17% reported a slight burning sensation when applying the product. CONCLUSIONS: The ointment is safe and tolerable for use on healthy oral mucosa. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registration number: RBR-7zwzs3. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ointment proved to be safe and tolerable for use on oral mucosa, encouraging studies to evaluate its clinical efficacy in patients with oral candidiasis, and contributing to a new therapeutic proposal for the treatment of fungal infections caused by Candida spp.

Sociodrama em cena: a saúde dos residentes de equipe multidisciplinar / Sociodrama on stage: the health of multidisciplinary team residents / Sociodrama en escena: la salud de los residentes de un equipo multidisciplinar

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta o uso do sociodrama como ferramenta no processo de formação de residentes em um hospital-ensino na cidade de Fortaleza, no que tange ao desempenho dos seus papéis de profissionais de saúde-estudantes atuando em equipes multiprofissionais numa rede de assistência hospitalar. Foram utilizadas sessões de sociodrama num intervalo de 15 dias entre elas. As análises das sessões realizadas e os relatos dos residentes evidenciaram o potencial do sociodrama como importante estratégia de intervenção de políticas públicas na medida em que contribuiu para cuidar da saúde do trabalhador de saúde e empoderou o grupo multiprofissional, promovendo fortalecimento dos vínculos e melhorando o desempenho de seus papéis profissionais na instituição. Esse artigo contribui para a divulgação do Psicodrama no Brasil.

ABSTRACT This paper presents the use of sociodrama as a tool in the training process of residents in a teaching hospital in the city of Fortaleza, regarding the performance of their roles as health professionals-students acting in multiprofessional teams in a hospital care chain. Sociodrama sessions were used with a 15-day interval between them. The analysis of the sessions and the residents' reports showed the potential of sociodrama as an important strategy for public policy intervention in that it contributed to health care for health workers and empowered the multiprofessional group, promoting the strengthening of bonds and improving the performance of their professional roles in the institution. This article contributes to the dissemination of Psychodrama in Brazil.

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta el uso del sociodrama como herramienta en el proceso de formación de residentes, en un hospital escolar en la ciudad de Fortaleza, sobre el desempeño de sus roles profesionales de salud-estudiante trabajando en equipos multiprofesionales en una red de atención hospitalaria. Se utilizaron sesiones de sociodrama en un intervalo de 15 días entre ellas. Los análisis de las sesiones realizadas y los informes de los residentes mostraron el potencial del sociodrama como como una estrategia de intervención de políticas públicas importante en la medida en que contribuyo para cuidar de la salud del trabajador de salud, y apoderó el grupo multiprofesional promoviendo el fortalecimiento de los vínculos y mejorando el desempeño de sus roles profesionales en la institución. Este artículo contribuye para la divulgación del psicodrama en Brasil.