Quantifying chaos in stock markets before and during COVID-19 pandemic from the phase space reconstruction.

From a methodology in the reconstruction scheme, applicable to chaotic time series of economic indices, this paper presents an analysis of the underlying dynamics of stock markets of North America, Europe and Asia. The same global fit model and reconstruction parameters-employed to study the time evolution of S&P 500, NASDAQ Composite, IBEX 35, EURONEXT 100, Nikkei 225 and SSE Composite Index-led a convenient simplification in the analysis. The tools chosen to analyse the time dependence of the level of chaos concerning weeks of economic activity were scatter plots, histograms and sample Spearman correlation coefficients. The results permit to evaluate the impact of the pandemic in the underlying dynamics of different stock markets and to compare them to one another.

Hemorragia por doença diverticular / Diverticular hemorrhage

O sangramento por doença diverticular é uma causa comum de hemorragia digestiva baixa. Os pacientes geralmente apresentam-se com hemorragia maciça e indolor. Se o sangramento apresentar repercussão hemodinâmica, medidas como manutenção das vias aéreas, ressuscitação volêmica, seguidas da medição dos níveis de hemoglobina, hematócrito e tipagem sanguínea com reações cruzadas devem ser instituídas de imediato. Em casos de instabilidade hemodinâmica, a transfusão de hemoderivados não deve ser postergada. Porém quadros dramáticos são mais raros, já que a maioria resolve-se espontaneamente em cerca de 80% das vezes. O exame diagnóstico inicial recomendado é a colonoscopia, realizada idealmente dentro de 12 a 48 horas do início do quadro e após um rápido preparo colônico; se a fonte do sangramento for identificada, manobras terapêuticas endoscópicas poderão ser executadas.

Role of colonoscopy in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most common malignancy throughout the world. Little or no improvement in survival has been effectively achieved in the last 50 years. Extensive epidemiological and genetic data are able to identify more precisely definite risk-groups so screening and early diagnosis can be more frequently accomplished. CRC is best detected by colonoscopy, which allows sampling for histologic diagnosis. Colonoscopy is the gold standard for detection of small and premalignant lesions, although it is not cost-effective for screening average-risk population. Colonoscopic polypectomy and mucosal resection constitute curative treatment for selective cases of invasive CRC. Similarly, alternative trans-colonoscopic treatment can be offered for adequate palliation, thus avoiding surgery.

Polypectomies: colonic endoscopic resections.

The authors present their experience with 924 colonoscopic polypectomies in 549 patients. Postpolypectomy bleeding was 0.36% without perforations. Complications associated with the procedure are analyzed; evaluating the risk, diagnosis and treatment based on a survey of the literature and personal experience.

[Colonoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic method in large intestine diseases. Results of 1715 exams]. / Emprego da colonoscopia como método diagnóstico e terapêutico das doenças do intestino grosso. Resultados observados em 1.715 exames.

Widespread use of colonoscopy in clinical practice results from the continuous progress of the techniques developed for exam completion and from the therapeutic perspective for several colorectal conditions. This paper analyses in a retrospective basis the results associated to the employment of fibrocolonoscopy between 1984 and 1995 at Discipline of Coloproctology from the University of São Paulo School of Medicine. For this period, 1,715 exams were realized. More than 50% of the patients were between the 50th and 70th decade. Habit change of hemorrhage were indications for the exam in more than 35%. Inflammatory bowel disease and cancer follow-up were indications, respectively, in 18% and 16%. "Express mannitol" bowel prep resulted satisfactory in more than 97% but precluded complete exam for seven (0.4%) patients. In 42.5%, colonoscopic examination was normal. Polyps were found in 248 (14.5%) patients for whom 376 polypectomy procedures were done successfully. Endoscopists could not reach the cecum in 68 (3.9%) patients. Incidence of hemorrhage and perforation was nill for this series. Authors conclude that fibrocolonoscopy remains as a safe and efficient method for the diagnosis and treatment (polypectomy) of common colorectal conditions.

[The systematization of nursing care for the colostomy-ileostomy patient in a private hospital]. / Sistematização da assistência de enfermagem ao colostomizado ileostomizado em um hospital privado.

A Systematic Nursing care to ostomized patients at Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital (São Paulo Brazil) has been used in order to care for these patients through a nursing process approach since December 1988. Until June 1991 the group gave orientation to 115 patients. This systematic nursing care has three steps: pre-operative period, pos-operative period and discharge. These steps improved self care without complications and guided the patients to work with ostomy associations which helped them im their whole reintegration.

The structure and position of mouse centromeric heterochromatin in BrdU-labelled chromosomes and diplochromosomes stained by the pH 10.4 method.

A mouse cell line of C57Bl/6J spontaneous melanoma (clone PG 19), and a C-type virus transformed cell line (G-8 clone 124) originating from normal Balb/c mice were used in a study of the centromeric heterochromatin region of BrdU-labelled chromosomes stained by the Giemsa pH 10.4 method. Three possible explanations for the generation of compound lateral asymmetry within the centromeric heterochromatin region of the laboratory mouse are discussed: 1) inverted translocation; 2) centric fusion followed by paracentromeric fission and 3) inversion of part of the centromeric satellite DNA. These processes could be of considerable genetic and evolutionary significance. The non-random spatial position of unstained and dark stained C-bands in BrdU-labelled diplochromosomes of endoreduplicated cells can be explained as being due to the localization of the old and new DNA chains in a unineme chromatid model. The late replicating regions are shown to be located on the inside of the half-chromatid close to the axial symmetry axis of the metaphase chromosome.

Emprego de solucao de manitol a 10% no preparo do intestino grosso para colonoscopia e cirurgia. / The use of a 10% mannitol solution in the preparation of the large intestine for colonoscopy and surgery

Os autores relatam sua experiencia no preparo de colon para colonoscopia e cirurgia pelo uso de solucao de manitol a 10%. Foram estudados 209 pacientes e pelas vantagens observadas em relacao ao preparo convencional, os autores concluem que e um metodo eficaz para preparo do colon. Por provocar uma diarreia osmotica, o esvaziamento intestinal e bom, tendo os autores obtido resultados excelente e bom em mais de 90% dos casos: os efeitos colaterais sao discretos desde que o preparo seja bem indicado e bem conduzido. A tolerancia dos doentes a este tipo de preparo e melhor que a referida com o metodo classico