Jaw osteosarcoma and pregnancy: a rare coexistence.

Osteosarcoma of the jaw represents less than 1% of all head and neck malignancies. This malignancy in pregnant women occurs in one per 1000 deliveries. We report a case of a 29-year-old woman, in the 33rd week of gestation, who presented with an expansive tumor destroying the maxillary alveolar bone, histologically composed of pleomorphic, round, spindle, or epithelioid cells and osteoid/chondroid matrix. Upon final diagnosis of osteosarcoma, the lesion was excised. To the best of our knowledge, only 10 cases of jaw osteosarcoma in pregnant women have been reported to date in the English language literature. The use of ancillary examinations, malignancy diagnosis, and cancer treatment can be challenging during pregnancy. Knowledge about jaw osteosarcoma in pregnancy can increase healthcare providers' awareness, avoid delays and misdiagnosis and potentially improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Jaw osteosarcoma and pregnancy: a rare coexistence

Osteosarcoma of the jaw represents less than 1% of all head and neck malignancies. This malignancy in pregnant women occurs in one per 1000 deliveries. We report a case of a 29-year-old woman, in the 33rd week of gestation, who presented with an expansive tumor destroying the maxillary alveolar bone, histologically composed of pleomorphic, round, spindle, or epithelioid cells and osteoid/chondroid matrix. Upon final diagnosis of osteosarcoma, the lesion was excised. To the best of our knowledge, only 10 cases of jaw osteosarcoma in pregnant women have been reported to date in the English language literature. The use of ancillary examinations, malignancy diagnosis, and cancer treatment can be challenging during pregnancy. Knowledge about jaw osteosarcoma in pregnancy can increase healthcare providers' awareness, avoid delays and misdiagnosis and potentially improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Correlation of intratumoral lymphatic microvessel density, vascular endothelial growth factor C and cell proliferation in salivary gland tumors.

Lymphatic dissemination is one of the most important pathways for metastasis in many solid tumors, including head and neck carcinomas. The lymphatic growth of cancer has been used as a significant independent adverse prognostic factor and provides information about tumor progression. Salivary gland tumors present different prognoses and have the ability to develop metastases; however, this information regarding the lymphatic spread is scarce. This paper quantifies the lymphatic microvessel density (LMD) in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors and analyzes the relationship between LMD and tumor expression of vascular endothelial growth factors C (VEGF-C) and the proliferative index. The results show that there is no correlation between LMD, VEGF-C and the proliferative index in the majority of salivary gland tumors analyzed, apart from polymorphous low-grade carcinoma which exhibits statistical correlation between LMD and the proliferative index (p < 0.05). This correlation probably does not indicate a poor prognosis for this PLGA, since this is a low metastasizing carcinoma of the salivary glands. Different from other solid tumors, such as breast or prostatic carcinomas, there is no correlation between VEGF-C and LMD in salivary gland tumors, and so these traits are not able to estimate the metastatic risk or the prognosis of these tumors.

Densidade microvascular linfática e proliferação celular em neoplasias de glândulas salivares / Lymphatic microvessel density and cell proliferation in salivary gland neoplasms

As neoplasias de glândulas salivares compreendem cerca de 5% das neoplasias da região oral e maxilofacial. O estudo sobre a linfangiogênese pode permitir a melhor compreensão destas patologias. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre as características histológicas, a expressão do fator de crescimento vascular endotelial linfático (VEGF-C), a densidade microvascular linfática (DML) e a proliferação celular, em neoplasias de glândulas salivares. Foram analisados 67 casos de neoplasias benignas e malignas dos arquivos do Laboratório de Patologia da FOSJC-UNESP. O diagnóstico das lesões foi confirmado pela análise de lâminas coradas por HE. O material foi submetido à reação imuno-histoquímica para avaliar a proliferação celular pela detecção do Ki-67, da DML pelo D2-40 e do VEGF-C pelo anticorpo anti-VEGF-C. Foi realizada análise quantitativa da DML e do índice de proliferação celular e semi-quantitativa do VEGF-C. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e inferencial utilizando o programa Minitab (versão 16.0), sendo aplicados os testes de Pearson, Kruskal Wallis e t-Student, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5%. Analisando as lesões separadamente, não houve significância na comparação entre o índice de proliferação celular e a DML com relação à expressão de VEGF-C, exceto no adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau, em que maior proliferação foi observada nos casos com forte marcação para VEGF-C. Em nenhuma neoplasia foi observada correlação entre o índice de proliferação celular e a DML. Comparando-se os grupos das neoplasias benignas (25 casos) e malignas (42 casos), verificou-se que o índice de marcação para o Ki-67 e a DML não apresentaram diferença estatística significante e que houve maior expressão de VEGF-C em neoplasias benignas. Concluiu-se que na maioria dos tumores de glândula salivar não há relação entre o índice de proliferação celular, a expressão do VEGF-C e a DML, e que a proliferação celular não se ...

The salivary gland neoplasms comprise about 5% of all cancers of the oral and maxillofacial region. The study of lymphangiogenesis may provide a better understanding of these diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship among histological features, expression of lymphatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-C), lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and cell proliferation in salivary gland neoplasms. Sixty seven cases of benign and malignant neoplasms of the Laboratory of Pathology FOSJC-UNESP were analyzed. The diagnosis of the lesions were confirmed by analysis of slides stained with HE. The material was subjected to immunohistochemical staining to evaluate cell proliferation by detection of Ki-67, LVD by D2-40 and VEGF-C by anti-VEGF-C. Quantitative analysis of LVD and cell proliferation index and semi-quantitative analysis of VEGF-C were performed. The results were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using Minitab (version 16.0), applying Pearson, Kruskal Wallis and t-test, with a significance level of 5%. Analyzing the lesions separately, there was no significance when comparing cell proliferation index and LVD to the expression of VEGF-C, except in polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma, in which a higher proliferation index was observed in cases with strong staining of VEGF-C. There was no correlation between cell proliferation and LVD in any neoplasm. Comparing the groups of benign (25 cases) and malignant neoplasms (42 cases), the labeling index for Ki-67 and LVD showed no statistically significant difference and there was increased expression of VEGF-C in benign lesions. It was concluded that in the majority of salivary gland neoplasms there is no relation among the rate of cell proliferation, the expression of VEGF-C and LVD and that the cellular proliferation does not correlate with the LVD. Between benign and malignant neoplasms, cell proliferation rate and LVD are similar