Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 6/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Esquizofrenia/genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Escala de Lod , Linaje , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas GRESUMEN
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Alcoholic liver disease purportedly develops more readily in women than in men. Some studies have demonstrated faster rates of alcohol elimination in women. This study examined whether gender differences in alcohol metabolism are related to differences in liver volume and/or differences in lean body mass. METHODS: Ten men and 10 women had alcohol elimination rates determined by clamping of the breath alcohol concentration at 50 mg/dL by means of a constant rate of intravenous infusion of 6% ethanol. Liver volume was determined by computed tomography. RESULTS: Mean alcohol elimination rate and mean computed liver volume were not significantly different in men and women. Lean body mass was 42% greater in men than in women. Consequently, the calculated alcohol elimination rate and liver volume per kilogram of lean body mass were 33% and 38% higher in women than in men, respectively. When the alcohol elimination rate was calculated per unit liver volume, no gender-related difference was found. CONCLUSIONS: Women have greater clearance of ethanol per unit lean body mass, confirming previous oral alcohol administration studies. Women have approximately the same liver volume as men, explaining the equivalent alcohol elimination rates seen when men and women are compared on the basis of liver size.
Asunto(s)
Peso Corporal , Etanol/metabolismo , Hígado/anatomía & histología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Caracteres SexualesRESUMEN
Efforts to define gender- and ethnic-dependent differences in ethanol first-pass metabolism by gastric mucosa and liver have been limited by a lack of analytical tools that distinguish ethanol concurrently administered by oral and intravenous routes. A stable isotope gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for simultaneous measurement of ethanol and ethyl-d5 alcohol in serum was developed to meet this need. The assay was linear from 1 to 30 mmol/L. The limit of quantification was 1 mmol/L. Analytical imprecision (CV) was <10%. Analytical recovery was >90%. Specificity was based on retention time and reproducibility of ion ratios. The assay was free from interference by other volatile alcohols. Simultaneous oral administration of ethanol and ethyl-d5 alcohol produced nearly identical pharmacokinetic profiles. Simultaneous oral ingestion of ethanol and intravenous infusion of ethyl-d5 alcohol, adjusted for gastric emptying time, revealed decreased bioavailability of ethanol by the oral route. The method described is sufficient to study the first-pass metabolism of ethanol.
Asunto(s)
Etanol/sangre , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Administración Oral , Adulto , Disponibilidad Biológica , Etanol/administración & dosificación , Etanol/farmacocinética , Vaciamiento Gástrico , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Humanos , Infusiones Intravenosas , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , TecnecioRESUMEN
Thirty workers in a dockyard exposed to concentrations of styrene lower than the TLV-TWA of 50 ppm and 30 control workers not subject to exposure but employed by the same company were subjected to three psychometric tests on one Monday morning and evening. The results were usually better in the evening than in the morning in both groups, which proves the lack of acute intoxication at the end of the day at this level of exposure. On the other hand, all of the tests conducted on the exposed subjects are significantly less good than those on the controls. The results suggest the existence of minor but significant organic mental disorders in the subjects exposed to a mean dose of 30 ppm in this study. These results are inconsistent with those of several recent studies. The advisability of lowering the TLV of 50 ppm in discussed.