Acesso ao direito à saúde no cárcere: entre o prescrito e o real / Access to health´s right in prison: between the prescription and the real

Objetivo: Conhecer como ocorre o acesso à saúde das pessoas privadas de liberdade. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em um presídio no interior de Minas Gerais, com 19 pessoas privadas de liberdade. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevista aberta orientada por roteiro semiestruturado no período de agosto a dezembro de 2017. Realizou-se Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Projeto aprovado no Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa com Seres Humanos. Resultados: Apesar do direito à saúde ser uma prerrogativa constitucional a ser garantida a todo cidadão, inclusive aos privados de liberdade, existem barreiras no cárcere que impedem esse acesso, como: dependência do agente penitenciário por meio de comunicação mediante bilhete, ausência de profissionais de saúde em tempo integral e falta de medicações, necessitando que a família atue como rede de cuidado. Conclusão: Evidencia-se a necessidade de melhor estruturar o acesso à saúde das pessoas privadas de liberdade, a fim de assegurar esse direito.(AU)

Objective: To establish how it occurs the access to health care for people deprived of liberty. Methods: Qualitative research, carried out in a prison Minas Gerais's inland, with 19 people deprived of liberty. Data were collected through open interviews guided by semi-structured rotation from August to December 2017. Bardin's Content Analysis was performed. Project approved by the Ethics and Research with Human Beings Committee. Results: Despite being a constitutional prerogative to be guaranteed to all citizens, including people deprived of liberty, there are prision obstacles that prevent this access, such as: dependence on the prison guard through communication by ticket, absence of a health professional full-time and lack of medication, making it necessary for the family to see itself as a care network. Conclusion: The need to structure the access to health care for people deprived of their liberty, in order to ensure their rights.(AU)

Objetivo: Conocer cómo se dá el acceso a la salud de las personas privó de su libertad. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa, realizada en una prisión del interior de Minas Gerais, con 19 personas privadas de libertad. Los datos fueron coleccionados atraves de una entrevista abierta orientado por un itinerario semi-estructurado. Se realizó el Análisis de Contenido de Bardin. Proyecto aprobado por el Comité de Ética e Investigación con Seres Humanos. Resultados: A pesar de que el derecho a la salud es una prerrogativa constitucional que debe garantizarse a todos los ciudadanos, incluidos los privados de libertad, existen barreras en la prisión que impiden este acceso, tales como: dependencia del guardia penitenciario mediante comunicación vía boleta, ausencia de salud profesionales de salud a tiempo completo y falta de medicación, lo que obliga a la familia a actuar como red asistencial. Conclusión: Se evidencia la necesidad de estructurar mejor el acceso a la salud de las personas privó de su libertad, a fin de garantizar este derecho.(AU)

Assessing undertreatment and overtreatment/misuse of ADHD medications in children and adolescents across continents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

A controversy exists on whether there is an over or underuse of medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We conducted the first meta-analysis to estimate the rate of ADHD pharmacological treatment in both diagnosed and undiagnosed individuals. Based on a pre-registered protocol (CRD42018085233), we searched a broad set of electronic databases and grey literature. After screening 25,676 abstracts, we retained 36 studies including 104,305 subjects, from which 18 studies met our main analysis criteria. The pooled pharmacological treatment rates were 19.1 % and 0.9 % in school-age children/adolescents with and without ADHD, respectively. We estimated that for each individual using medication without a formal ADHD diagnosis, there are three patients with a formal diagnosis who might benefit from medication but do not receive it in the US. Our results indicate both overtreatment/misuse of medication in individuals without ADHD and pharmacological undertreatment in youths with the disorder. Our findings reinforce the need for public health policies improving education on ADHD and discussions on the benefits and limitations of ADHD medications.

Exploring the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and entrepreneurship.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and entrepreneurial profiles and the effects of entrepreneurial characteristics in individuals who screen positive for ADHD and self-identify as entrepreneurs. METHODS: We sent 4,341 questionnaires by e-mail to applicants for a career development course for entrepreneurs. We used the propensity score covariate adjustment to balance differences between included and excluded individuals. ADHD symptoms were evaluated with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. The Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation scale was used to assess the entrepreneurial profile of the participants. Impairment from ADHD symptoms was assessed with the Barkley Functional Impairment Scale. RESULTS: Those who screened positive for ADHD had higher risk-taking scores (p-value = 0.016) and lower proactivity (p-value = 0.001) than those who screened negative. Higher inattention scores were related to lower proactivity (p-value < 0.001), while higher hyperactive symptom scores were related to a more generalized entrepreneurial profile (p-value = 0.033). Among ADHD-positive participants, entrepreneurial profile scores were not significantly associated with company profits or impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Inattention symptoms were related to less proactivity, whereas hyperactive symptoms were positively associated with a general entrepreneurial orientation. ADHD-positive individuals had a higher risk-taking profile, and these characteristics did not negatively impact their lives.