RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases are always considered one of the most critical challenges of the health system in any country. Patient education on self-care is one of the basic strategies in controlling the disease process and minimizing complications in patients with chronic diseases. It seems that in the process of patient education, from the preparation of materials to their delivery to the final user, many problems prevent the proper and practical education. The study aims to explain the process of production to the utilization of patient education media in chronic diseases in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study employs a grounded theory (GT) methodology and the data will be analyzed by Strauss and Corbin method. Participants in this study include groups involved in the field of patient education, including policymakers, managers at all management levels, clinical, educational, and public health service providers (physicians, nurses, medical librarians, medical, and nursing professors, NGOs in the field of patient education, physiotherapists, nutritionists, and psychologists) as well as service receivers such as patients, their family, and caregivers whom will be all selected through theoretical as well as snowball sampling method. The interview method will be semi-structured and will not be ceased until the data is saturated. CONCLUSIONS: It is anticipated that in this study, the pros and cons of the process of production to utilization of patient education media will be identified and appropriate solutions to improve this process will be provided.
RESUMEN
In this study, the thermal conductivity and viscosity of SiO2/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) hybrid nanofluids are investigated. The volume fraction of the nanofluids varied in the range of 0.5% to 2%, while the SiO2 to MWCNTs volume proportion is either 95-5 or 90-10. The nanofluids are synthesized using a wet chemical method and a two-step technique is used to disperse nanoparticles in glycerol (base fluid). The thermal conductivities and viscosities of the nanofluids are measured using a modified transient hot-wire method and falling ball viscometer, respectively. The colloidal stability of the dispersion was investigated visually. Effective application of an ultrasonic disruptor and a suitable surfactant (gum arabic) enhance the dispersion behavior. When the effects of temperature and volume fraction on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of SiO2/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) hybrid nanofluids are studied, the results showed that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids increased with an increase in the volume fraction and temperature. Further, their viscosities increased with an increase in the volume fraction but decreased when the temperature increased. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of the hybrid nanofluids increased by 16.7% and 105.4%, respectively, at a volume fraction of 2% and volume proportion of 90-10. The experimental results are compared with those predicted by classical theoretical models. Two correlations for thermal conductivity and viscosity of hybrid nanofluids are proposed on the basis of the experimental results.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Newspapers play an important role in improving public health literacy. This study analysis the content of pediatric information in widely circulated Iranian newspapers in 2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an applied survey performed using content analysis method. The data gathering tool was a checklist designed by the researcher. The sample size was determined using nonprobability sampling to be 426 articles with pediatric-related topics of five Iranian newspapers. RESULTS: The results showed that the most popular topics included "psychological disorders" (19.6%) and "nutrition" (19.27%). The null areas include "physiopathology of body fluids and fluid therapy" and "gynecological problems in childhood" (0%). CONCLUSION: The messages identified were more in line with needs of Iranian society which shows a need to pay more attention to international standards by both journalists and pediatricians.
