Alleviating effect of chlorogenic acid on oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide in bovine intestinal epithelial cells.

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a polyphenol substance contained in many plants, which has good antioxidant activity. This experiment aimed to explore the protective effects of CGA on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced inflammatory response, apoptosis, and antioxidant capacity of bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs-21) under oxidative stress and its mechanism. The results showed that compared with cells treated with H2O2 alone, CGA pretreatment could improve the viability of BIECs-21. Importantly, Chlorogenic acid pretreatment significantly reduced the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) (P<0.05). In addition, CGA can also improve the intestinal barrier by increasing the abundance of tight junction proteins claudin-1 and occludin. Meanwhile, CGA can reduce the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8), increase the expression of anti-inflammatory factor Interleukin-10 (IL-10), promote the expression of the nuclear factor-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, enhance cell antioxidant capacity, and inhibit Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) the activation of the signaling pathway reducing the inflammatory response, thereby alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress damage.

Tea polyphenols protect bovine intestinal epithelial cells from the adverse effects of heat-stress in vitro.

Heat-stress (HS) leads to impaired gut health, adversely affecting milk production of dairy cows. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of tea polyphenols (TP) against HS-induced damage in bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs) and explored the underlying mechanisms. Primary BIECs were isolated from bovine duodenum, cultured and treated as follows: (1) control cells incubated in complete medium at 37 °C for 12 h, (2) TP group incubated in medium containing 100 µg/mL TP at 37 °C for 12 h, (3) HS group incubated in medium at 37 °C for 6 h followed by 6 h at 42 °C, and (4) HS + TP group incubated with 100 µg/mL TP for 6 h at 37 °C and 6 h at 42 °C. TP improved cell viability and antioxidant capacity, and decreased apoptosis and LDH activity. TP led to upregulation of Nrf2 and its target antioxidant genes HO-1, NQO1 and SOD1 expression. TP significantly decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes (NF-κB, IL-6 and TNF-α), and increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine gene, IL-10. The above results suggested that TP protected BIECs from HS-induced adverse effects by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, indicating that TP can alleviate HS-induced intestinal damage in dairy cows.

Establishment and characterization of an immortalized bovine intestinal epithelial cell line.

Primary bovine intestinal epithelial cells (PBIECs) are an important model for studying the molecular and pathogenic mechanisms of diseases affecting the bovine intestine. It is difficult to obtain and grow PBIECs stably, and their short lifespan greatly limits their application. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to create a cell line for exploring the mechanisms of pathogen infection in bovine intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. We isolated and cultured PBIECs and established an immortalized BIEC line by transfecting PBIECs with the pCI-neo-hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase) recombinant plasmid. The immortalized cell line (BIECs-21) retained structure and function similar to that of the PBIECs. The marker proteins characteristic of epithelial cells, cytokeratin 18, occludin, zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1), E-cadherin and enterokinase, were all positive in the immortalized cell line, and the cell structure, growth rate, karyotype, serum dependence and contact inhibition were normal. The hTERT gene was successfully transferred into BIECs-21 where it remained stable and was highly expressed. The transport of short-chain fatty acids and glucose uptake by the BIECs-21 was consistent with PBIECs, and we showed that they could be infected with the intestinal parasite, Neospora caninum. The immortalized BIECs-21, which have exceeded 80 passages, were structurally and functionally similar to the primary BIECs and thus provide a valuable research tool for investigating the mechanism of pathogen infection of the bovine intestinal epithelium in vitro.

In dairy cattle, the intestine is essential for productivity as it contributes nearly 10% of the total metabolizable energy. The intestinal epithelium is at risk of infection from constant exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, which seriously endangers an animal's health, but no bovine intestinal epithelial cell line has been developed so far for research on intestine -related diseases. Thus, the goal of this study was to create an immortalized cell line from isolated primary bovine intestinal epithelial cells. The expression of an exogenous human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene can circumvent the Hayflick limit by maintaining telomere integrity and we used transfection with a plasmid expressing the hTERT gene to convert primary intestinal epithelial cells into an immortalized cell line, which we then characterized. The results showed that the immortalized cell line (BIECs-21) was structurally and functionally similar to the primary bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs) and thus provided a valuable research tool for investigating the mechanism of pathogen infection of the bovine intestinal epithelium in vitro.

Comparison of the Short-Term Efficacy of Percutaneous Endoscopic Thoracic Decompression and Laminectomy in the Treatment of Thoracic Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the short-term efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic thoracic decompression (PETD) under local anesthesia and traditional posterior thoracic laminectomy (PTL) in treating single-segment thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (T-OLF). METHODS: This was a retrospective review of the clinical information of 52 patients with T-OLF between September 2017 and September 2021. Based on the inclusion criteria, a total of 52 patients were included in the present research, 26 in the PETD group and 26 in the PTL group. The general preoperative data, intraoperative surgical conditions, preoperative and postoperative clinical information, and complications were collected. The modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score and recovery rate were evaluated preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline parameters in either group (P > 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in operation time (94.62 vs. 144.62 minute) and blood loss (22.12 vs. 287.69 mL) between the PETD group and the PTL group. The modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score in the 2 groups improved from (5.46 ± 1.10) and (5.69 ± 1.01) preoperatively to (9.08 ± 0.90) and (8.88 ± 1.07) at 12 months postoperatively. The recovery rate was 84.6% in the PETD group and 76.9% in the PTL group. In addition, the complications in the PETD group were fewer than those in the PTL group. CONCLUSIONS: The PETD under local anesthesia for T-OLF has many advantages, such as high patient acceptance, good short-term clinical outcomes, and few complications; therefore, this procedure should be promoted as a viable treatment option for T-OLF.

Establishment and Validation of a Nomogram for the Risk of New Vertebral Compression Fractures After Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in Patients With Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: New vertebral compression fractures(NVCFs) after minimally invasive surgery in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is a challenging issue worldwide. Predicting the occurrence of NVCFs is key to addressing such questions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the risk factors for patients who developed NVCFs after undergoing surgical treatment and establish a nomogram model to reduce the occurrence of NVCFs. Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis that collected the general characteristics and surgical features of patients who underwent surgical treatment at 2 central institutions between January 2017 and December 2020. Patients were divided into training and testing sets based on the presence or absence of NVCFs. Independent risk factors for NVCFs were obtained in the training set of patients, and then a nomogram model was constructed. Internal and external validation of the nomogram model was performed using the consistency index (C index), receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: A total of 562 patients were included in this study. Patients from the first center were used for nomogram construction and internal validation, and patients from the second center were used as an external validation population. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age, Hounsfield unit (Hu) value, cement leakage, and thoracolumbar (TL) junction fracture were independent risk factors for NVCFs after minimally invasive surgery. The C index was .85, and the validation of internal and external validation shows that the predicted values of the established model is in good agreement with the actual values. Conclusions: In this study, 4 independent risk factors were obtained by regression analysis, and a nomogram model was constructed to guide clinical work. The application of this model can help surgeons to make more accurate judgments to prevent the occurrence of NVCFs.

Risk factors for recollapse of new vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous kyphoplasty in geriatric patients: establishment of a nomogram.

BACKGROUND: The main objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors for recollapse of new vertebral compression fractures (NVCFs) after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) and to construct a new nomogram model. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed single-level OVCFs from January 2017 to June 2020, randomizing patients to a training set and a testing set. In the training set, independent risk factors for NVCFs in OVCF patients treated with PKP were obtained by univariate and multivariate regression analyses. These risk factors were then used as the basis for constructing a nomogram model. Finally, internal validation of the built model was performed in the testing set using the consistency index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: In total, 371 patients were included in this study. NVCFs occurred in 21.7% of the training set patients, and multivariate regression analysis showed that a low Hounsfield unit (HU) value, cement leakage, and thoracolumbar (TL) junction fracture were independent risk factors for NVCF after PKP. The C-index was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.74-0.81), and the validation showed that the predicted values of the established model were in good agreement with the actual values. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, three independent risk factors were obtained by regression analysis. A nomogram model was constructed to guide clinical work and to make clinical decisions relatively accurately to prevent the occurrence of vertebral recollapse fractures.

Two simple-to-use web-based nomograms to predict overall survival and cancer-specific survival in patients with extremity fibrosarcoma.

Background: Fibrosarcoma is a rare sarcoma of the soft tissue in adults, occurring most commonly in the extremities. This study aimed to construct two web-based nomograms to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with extremity fibrosarcoma (EF) and validate it with multicenter data from the Asian/Chinese population. Method: Patients with EF in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2015 were included in this study and were randomly divided into a training cohort and a verification cohort. The nomogram was developed based on the independent prognostic factors determined by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. The predictive accuracy of the nomogram was validated with the Harrell's concordance index (C-index), receiver operating curve, and calibration curve. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was utilized to compare the clinical usefulness between the novel model and the existing staging system. Result: A total of 931 patients finally were obtained in our study. Multivariate Cox analysis determined five independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS, namely, age, M stage, tumor size, grade, and surgery. The nomogram and the corresponding web-based calculator were developed to predict OS (https://orthosurgery.shinyapps.io/osnomogram/) and CSS (https://orthosurgery.shinyapps.io/cssnomogram/) probability at 24, 36, and 48 months. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.784 in the training cohort and 0.825 in the verification cohort for OS and 0.798 in the training cohort and 0.813 in the verification cohort for CSS, respectively, indicating excellent predictive performance. The calibration curves showed excellent agreement between the prediction by the nomogram and actual outcomes. Additionally, the results of DCA showed that the newly proposed nomogram was significantly better than the conventional staging system with more clinical net benefits. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients assigned into the low-risk group had a more satisfactory survival outcome than the high-risk group. Conclusion: In this study, we constructed two nomograms and web-based survival calculators including five independent prognostic factors for the survival prediction of patients with EF, which could help clinicians make personalized clinical decisions.

Study on Speed and Clearance Optimization of All-Metal Progressing Cavity Pumps: Experiment and Simulation.

The stator and rotor of an all-metal screw pump are made of metal; so the matching method of the all-metal screw pump cannot be like that of the traditional rubber screw pump, and a certain gap must be reserved. If the gap is too small, it will affect the normal operation of the pump. If the gap is too large, the pump leakage will also become larger, affecting the efficiency of the pump. In this paper, the method of numerical simulation is used to optimize the gap of the pump. At the same time, it is found that the optimal gap of the pump is closely related to the viscosity of the fluid transported by the pump, and different viscosity fluids have different optimal speeds. The speed and clearance of the pump are optimized through numerical simulation to ensure high pump efficiency while taking into account energy saving and avoid the waste caused by excessively high speed. Finally, the relevant research results of numerical simulation are verified through experiments, and it is found that the experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results, which also proves the accuracy of the numerical simulation results.