[When should we perform a bone scintigraphy in patients with new diagnosis of asymptomatic prostate cancer in order to detect bone metastasis?]. / Cuándo debemos realizer un studio de extension en cáncer de próstata asintomático?

OBJECTIVE: To define, based on PSA value, Gleason score (GS), clinical stage and age, those patients diagnosed with asymptomatic prostate cancer whose cases warrant further study of bone metastasis (BMet). METHODS: From January 2006 to May 2010, we evaluated 263 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer who were chosen for further study of bone scintigraphy following the consensus protocol accepted by the Ministry of Health of Andalusia (Integrated Andalusian Process Prostate Cancer-BPH). All selected studies met the criteria defined in the test indications: PSA >10 or Gleason score (GS) ≥7 or positive biopsy of seminal vesicles, all without symptoms of bone pain. A multivariate analysis of potential predictive factors for positive bone scintigraphy was performed and cutoffs were determined by calculating the following diagnostic rates: sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values with their respective confidence intervals at 95% certainty. RESULTS: BMet were detected in 29 cases (11%). The average age of the patients with a positive bone scan was 65.5 and 68.4 years in those with a negative result (p=0.03). Multivariate analysis showed that GS OR: 2.08 [95% CI (1.34 - 3.18)] (p<0.001) and PSA level 21-200 ng/ml OR: 3.68 [95% CI (1.13-1.02)] (p<0.05) were independent predictive variables for positive bone scan. The cutoffs were estimated by ROC curve analysis, resulting in a cutoff of 16.18 ng/ml for PSA value and 7 for GS (larger area under the curve: 0.864 with a sensitivity of 94.5% and specificity of 47%). CONCLUSIONS: In the group of patients defined in our study, diagnosed with asymptomatic prostate cancer, the assessment of BMet using a bone scan should be carried out with a PSA level ≥ 16.18 ng/ml and GS ≥7 as reference points.

¿Cuándo debemos realizar un estudio de extensión en cáncer de próstata asintomático? / When should we perform a bone scintigraphy in patients with new diagnosis of asymptomatic prostate cancer in order to detect bone metastasis?

OBJETIVO: Definir en función del valor de PSA, grado Gleason (SG), estadio clínico y edad, el grupo de pacientes con diagnostico de cáncer de próstata (CaP) asintomático, en los cuales estaría indicado hacer estudio de extensión de metástasis óseas (MetO). MÉTODOS: Desde Enero 2006 a Mayo de 2010 se estudiaron 263 pacientes con diagnóstico de CaP en los que se solicito gammagrafía ósea como estudio de extensión, siguiendo el protocolo de consenso de Andalucía (Proceso Andaluz integrado HBP-Cáncer de Próstata). Todos los estudios seleccionados cumplían los criterios definidos para la indicación de la prueba: PSA >10 o gleason (SG) ≥7 o biopsia de vesículas seminales positiva, todos sin clínica de dolor óseo. Realizamos un análisis multivariante de los potenciales factores predictores de gammagrafía positiva y establecemos puntos de corte, calculándose los siguientes índices diagnósticos: sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos positivos y negativos, con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95% de seguridad. RESULTADOS: Se detectaron MetO en 29 casos (11%). La edad media de los pacientes con gammagrafía positiva fue 65,5 y 68,4 años en aquellos con resultado negativo (p = 0,03). El análisis multivariante mostró al SG OR: 2,08 [IC 95% (1,34 - 3,18)] (p < 0,001) y al valor de PSA 21-200 ng/ml OR: 3,68 [IC 95% (1,13-12,02)] (p < 0,05) como variables predictoras independientes de gammagrafía positiva. Al realizar las curvas ROC se obtuvo un punto de corte de 16,18 ng/ml para el valor PSA y 7 para el SG (mayor área bajo la curva: 0,864 con una sensibilidad de 94,5% y una especificad del 47 %). Concluisiones: En el grupo de pacientes de nuestro estudio, diagnosticados de CaP asintomático, la evaluación de MetO, mediante gammagrafía ósea, debería ser realizada con un PSA ≥ 16,18 (ng/ml) y un SG ≥ 7 como puntos de referencia

OBJECTIVE: To define, based on PSA value, Gleason score (GS), clinical stage and age, those patients diagnosed with asymptomatic prostate cancer whose cases warrant further study of bone metastasis (BMet). METHODS.- From January 2006 to May 2010, we valuated 263 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer who were chosen for further study of bone scintigraphy following the consensus protocol accepted by the Ministry of Health of Andalusia (Integrated Andalusian Process Prostate Cancer- BPH). All selected studies met the criteria defined in the test indications: PSA >10 or Gleason score (GS) ≥7 or positive biopsy of seminal vesicles, all without symptoms of bone pain. A multivariate analysis of potential predictive factors for positive bone scintigraphy was performed and cutoffs were determined by calculating the following diagnostic rates: sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values with their respective confidence intervals at 95% certainty. RESULTS- BMet were detected in 29 cases (11%). The average age of the patients with a positive bone scan was 65.5 and 68.4 years in those with a negative result (p = 0.03). Multivariate analysis showed that GS OR: 2.08 [95% CI (1.34 - 3.18)] (p < 0.001) and PSA level 21-200 ng/ml OR: 3.68 [95% CI (1.13-1.02)] (p < 0.05) were independent predictive variables for positive bone scan. The cutoffs were estimated by ROC curve analysis, resulting in a cutoff of 16.18 ng/ml for PSA value and 7 for GS (larger area under the curve: 0.864 with a sensitivity of 94.5% and specificity of 47%). Conclusions.- In the group of patients defined in our study, diagnosed with asymptomatic prostate cancer, the assessment of BMet using a bone scan should be carried out with a PSA level ≥ 16.18 ng/ ml and GS ≥ 7 as reference points

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for distal ureteral calculi: improved efficacy using low frequency.

OBJECTIVES: To compare low versus high frequency for lithotripsy in the management of distal ureteral calculi. METHODS: A total of 154 patients with radio-opaque calculi (0.5-1 cm diameter) in the distal ureter were randomized to be given either lithotripsy at 80 or 60 pulses per min (high frequency or low frequency groups, respectively). The number of waves and sessions received, and time to total resolution were measured. A Dornier Compact Delta lithotripter was used. RESULTS: A total of 72 patients were assigned to the high frequency group and 78 to the low frequency group. Four patients were excluded from the study because of intolerance of the procedure. The size was slightly lower in low frequency group, whereby an analysis of covariance was carried out to eliminate the size factor, with the limit established as 0.7 cm. The low frequency group received 2980 ± 1211 waves, and the high frequency group received 5752 ± 3121 (P<0.001). The success rate was higher in the low frequency group (100%) than in the high frequency group (92.9%; P=0.02). If adjusted to the size of the calculus with a threshold of 0.7 cm, there was a difference, although it was not statistically significant. The time to elimination of the fragments was higher in the high frequency group (17.68 days) than in the low frequency group (7.15 days; P<0.001). The number of sessions necessary for resolution was higher in the high frequency group (1.56) than in the low frequency group (1.14; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Lithotripsy at 60 pulses provides better outcomes than lithotripsy at 80 pulses for the treatment of distal ureteral calculi.