RESUMEN
Previous work has aimed to disentangle the acute effects of nicotine and smoking on appetite with mixed findings. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have yet to be examined in this regard despite evidence of use for weight control. The present study tested the influence of an ENDS on acute energy intake and associated subjective effects. Participants (n = 34; 18-65 years) with current ENDS use completed two randomly ordered clinical lab sessions after overnight abstinence from tobacco/nicotine/food/drinks (other than water). Sessions differed by the product administered over 20 min: active (20 puffs of a JUUL ENDS device; 5% nicotine tobacco-flavored pod) or control (access to an uncharged JUUL with an empty pod). About 40 min after product administration, participants were provided an ad lib buffet-style meal with 21 food/drink items. Subjective ratings were assessed at baseline, after product use, and before/after the meal. Energy intake (kcal) was calculated using pre-post buffet item weights. Repeated measures analyses of variance and pairwise comparisons were used to detect differences by condition and time (α < .05). Mean ± standard error of the mean energy intake did not differ significantly between active (1011.9 ± 98.8 kcal) and control (939.8 ± 88.4 kcal; p = .108) conditions. Nicotine abstinence symptoms significantly decreased after the active condition, while satiety significantly increased. Following the control condition, satiety remained constant while hunger significantly increased relative to baseline. Findings indicate that acute ENDS use did not significantly impact energy intake, but there was an ENDS-associated subjective increase in satiety and relative decrease in hunger. Results support further investigation of ENDS on appetite. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
RESUMEN
Legal professionals and others have suggested that vaping electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) prior to or during ethanol breath testing may produce false positives. Preliminary breath tests (PBTs) and evidentiary breath tests (EBTs) measure ethanol in exhaled breath and standardized field sobriety tests (SFSTs) are used to assess impairment. Ethanol has been identified in e-cig liquids (e-liquids). Presented are a series of experiments designed to determine the mechanics of vaping ethanol using an e-cig and the effects of vaping ethanol on the SFSTs and breath tests used by law enforcement officers (LEO). Twelve participants (five females, age: 21-32 and seven males, age: 21-55), vaped either one or ten puffs of an e-liquid (0% or 20% ethanol). LEOs assessed impairment using SFSTs (12 and 42 min), PBTs (<1, 27, 32, 37 and 57 min) and EBTs (2, 29, 34, 39 and 59 min) post-vaping. A self-assessment test was administered post-vaping (22 and 52 min). Baseline responses for all measures were collected prior to vaping. Results demonstrated that ethanol in the e-liquids was aerosolized by e-cigs and produced particles that could reach the deep lung tissue based on mean-mass diameter. Ethanol was detected by PBT <3 min after participants vaped one (0.007-0.030 g/210 L) or ten puffs (013-0.074 g/210 L) of a 20% ethanol e-liquid. Ethanol was not detected by PBT at any subsequent time point. Ethanol was not detected by the EBT under any condition. Impairment was not indicated by the SFST. Some subjective effects were reported, but few statistically significant differences between conditions were indicated. A wait period prior to ethanol breath testing is not always mandated, depending on jurisdiction, or observed in all applications, such as workplace testing. The results demonstrate that a wait period must be employed to prevent vaping-related false-positive breath ethanol results.
