First report on the nationwide incidence and prevalence of Type 1 diabetes among children in Turkey.

AIM: To report, for the first time, the incidence and prevalence of childhood Type 1 diabetes in Turkey using a nationwide registry. METHODS: Information on birth date, city of birth, diagnosis date and gender of all patients with Type 1 diabetes aged < 18 years were obtained from the Turkish Social Security Institute for the period from January 2011 to December 2013. RESULTS: There were 17 175 prevalent cases of Type 1 diabetes over the 3-year period. The prevalence of Type 1 diabetes was 0.75/1 000 (95% CI 0.74-0.76) and was higher in girls than in boys (0.79 vs 0.72 /1 000; P < 0.01). There were 2465 incident cases in 2013. The incidence was slightly higher among girls (50.6%) than boys (49.4%); the girl:boy case ratio was 1.02. The incidence was 10.4/100 000 for boys and 11.3/100 000 for girls. The age-standardized incidence rate was 10.8 per 100 000 (95% CI 10.1-11.5) according to the WHO standard population, estimated using the direct method. The mean patient age at diagnosis was 10.6 ± 4.6 years. The highest proportion of cases (40.6%) was diagnosed in children aged 10-14 years. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report the incidence and prevalence of Type 1 diabetes in children in Turkey. The incidence of Type 1 diabetes reflects the geographical location of Turkey, bridging Asia and Europe, with the incidence being higher than in Asia but lower than in Europe.

De novo interstitial deletion of 9q32-34.1 with mental retardation, developmental delay, epilepsy, and cortical dysplasia: a case report.

In this report we describe a 10 year-old female patient with interstitial deletion of 9q32-q34.1 associated with mental retardation, developmental delay, short stature, mild facial dysmorphism, epilepsy, abnormal EEG and brain MRI findings consistent with focal cortical dysplasia. Interstitial deletion of 9q associated with q32-q34 is found extremely rare. Common features of seven previously reported cases are mental retardation, developmental delay, short stature, a distinct cranial and facial phenotype (brachycephaly, low midface, low and prominent forehead, and low set malformed ears). Combination of epilepsy, abnormal EEG and brain MRI findings are not reported before.

Mucocele of the anterior lingual salivary glands: from extravasation to an alarming mass with a benign course.

Mucoceles are common cystic lesions in the oral cavity. However, mucoceles located on the ventral surface of the tongue originating from anterior lingual salivary glands are rare. Only 24 cases were reported in the medical literature, of which most were relatively small lesions measuring less than 20 mm in diameter. This report describes a large-sized mucocele of the anterior lingual salivary glands in an 8-year-old boy who was treated by surgical excision of the lesion. The authors emphasize the importance of preoperative awareness and en bloc excision of the lesion even in asymptomatic patients to avoid further enlargement and complications.

Malignant hypertension and paraganglioma in a 14-year-old girl.

A 14-year-old girl presented with malignant hypertension. Physical examination and abdominal computerized tomography revealed a paraaortic mass. Urinary catecholamines, serum renin, and aldesterone levels were high. The mass was totally excised and a paraganglioma of the organ of Zuckerkandl was confirmed. The hypertension resolved after surgery.

Recurrent meningitis associated with congenital paravertebral dermal sinus tract.

Recurrent meningitis is a rare but important event that needs to be searched for a predisposing factor. Congenital dermal sinuses occurring in the midline are among the etiological factors. Here, an 18-month-old boy with three attacks of recurrent meningitis due to a paramedian dermal sinus tract is presented. Klebsiella was the cultured causative agent. The lesion was suspected on physical examination and demonstrated by lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in English-language literature of the paravertebrally located dermal sinus tract resulting in recurrent meningitis. Therefore, a careful physical examination, especially including the paravertebral region beside the midline, is essential. Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive descriptive method in the evaluation of congenital dermal sinus tracts.