Environmental Comfort in Promoting Sleep in Critically Ill Patients: A Scoping Review.

INTRODUCTION: It is important to understand the concept of comfort as a whole to build an assistance intervention plan that meets the person's needs. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and assess the person's sleep by considering the surrounding environment, to provide a comfortable environment that is quiet and provides privacy, especially in contexts of difficult management of environmental factors in the approach to the person in critical condition. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to map the nursing interventions that promote sleep-promoting environmental comfort in critically ill people and identify the instruments to assess sleep in critically ill people. METHODS: This is a scoping review based on the methodological strategy of the Joanna Briggs Institute for Scoping Reviews. The search was conducted on February 17 and 18, 2022, in the databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library Plus, PubMed, JBI Evidence Synthesis, SciELO, DANS Easy Archive, RCAAP, and DART-Europe using the Boolean phrase search strategy: "Hospital Emergency Service" OR "Critical Care" AND "Sleep" NOT "Children" AND Nurs*. We included all studies, conducted in any contextual setting, in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, on adult patients with acute and/or critical illness in intensive care and/or emergency units, which addressed nursing interventions that contribute to environmental comfort and promote sleep. Studies on pregnant or puerperal women, persons with psychiatric disorders, and those at the end of life or in palliative care were excluded. RESULTS: Twenty-one articles were included in this scoping review. Three categories of nursing interventions emerged: person centered (14 interventions), environment centered (37 interventions), and nurse role centered (45 interventions). Three categories of instruments for sleep assessment emerged, in particular: quality of sleep (12 instruments), environmental effects on a night's sleep (2 instruments), and influence on sleep practices in the intensive care unit (1 instrument). DISCUSSION: The use of instruments to monitor comfort and sleep allows for an accurate assessment of the impact of nurses' intervention focusing on sleep-promoting interventions aimed at comfort, for an improvement of sleep in critically ill patients. CONCLUSION: The interpretation of the content makes it clear that how critically ill patients in different contexts experience the environmental context positively or negatively conditions their comfort. In this sense, it is essential to reflect on these measures as a team so that everyone can apply them.

The Effectiveness of Topical Dimethicone Together with a One Health Approach for the Control of Tungiasis in the Sanumás Communities, Yanomami Territory, Amazon Rainforest: A Real-World Study.

BACKGROUND: The success of tungiasis treatment is highly dependent on adequate environmental control. METHODS: This is a real-world observational cohort study designed to monitor the effectiveness of topical dimethicone together with a One Health approach for the control of tungiasis in the Sanumás communities, Amazon rainforest, Brazil. We followed up on 562 indigenous people and 81 domestic dogs for 1.5 years in a 3-month interval. A new molecular method for large-scale soil evaluation was also tested. The control of tungiasis was independently conducted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health and comprised topical dimethicone application (NYDA®) for humans, single-dose oral afoxolaner for dogs, and in-house soil fumigation with fipronil. The main outcome was the occurrence of tungiasis after the use of topical dimethicone together with the One Health approach. RESULTS: A total of 49 of the 562 indigenous people had active tungiasis at enrollment (8.72%). Only three cases of tungiasis resulted in active lesions after the use of topical dimethicone together with the One Health approach, with two cases of recurrence. From the 6-month follow-up and after, soil infestation was not detected. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the use of NYDA® together with animal and environmental interventions are effective measures for the control of tungiasis.

otpb functions in a Lef1-dependent transcriptional network required for expression of the stress response inhibitor crhbp in the zebrafish hypothalamus.

The vertebrate hypothalamus regulates physiological and behavioral responses to environmental stimuli through the function of evolutionarily-conserved neuronal subpopulations. Our previous work found that mutation of zebrafish lef1 , which encodes a transcriptional mediator of the Wnt signaling pathway, leads to the loss of hypothalamic neurons and behavioral phenotypes that are both associated with stress-related human mood disorders However, the specific Lef1 target genes that link neurogenesis to behavior remain unknown. One candidate is otpb , which encodes a transcription factor with known roles in hypothalamic development. Here we show that otpb expression in the posterior hypothalamus is Lef1-dependent, and that like lef1 , its function is required for the generation of crhbp + neurons in this region. Transgenic reporter analysis of a crhbp conserved noncoding element suggests that otpb participates in a transcriptional regulatory network with other Lef1 targets. Finally, consistent with a role for crhbp in inhibiting the stress response, zebrafish otpb mutants exhibit decreased exploration in a novel tank diving assay. Together our findings suggest a potential evolutionarily-conserved mechanism for the regulation of innate stress response behaviors through Lef1-mediated hypothalamic neurogenesis.

Recursos audiovisuais como ferramenta de ensino da segurança do paciente: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Resumo Objetivo: Apresentar resultados de uma revisão integrativa da literatura nacional e internacional sobre o uso de tecnologias educacionais com mídias audiovisuais para o ensino da segurança do paciente. Fonte de dados: Foram analisados artigos publicados de 2010 a 2020 a partir da seleção nas bases de dados da Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) via Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, Medline via PubMed-NCBI, Scopus e a CINAHL. Resumo das conclusões: A amostra final foi composta de oito estudos. Foram identificadas três modalidades de tecnologias educacionais audiovisuais. Se apropriar destas ferramentas no ensino da Segurança do Paciente, com uso de cenários, por exemplo, onde o indivíduo se enxerga como parte de um todo, tornar-se-ia uma oportunidade de qualificar os profissionais e estudantes da saúde, e quiçá fomentar uma assistência mais segura, reduzindo a cultura punitiva ainda presente e melhorando a comunicação efetiva entre a equipe multidisciplinar.

Semysinthetic biflavonoid Morelloflavone-7,4',7″,3‴,4‴-penta-O-butanoyl is a more potent inhibitor of Proprotein Convertases Subtilisin/Kexin PC1/3 than Kex2 and Furin.

BACKGROUND: Garcinia brasiliensis is a species native to the Amazon forest. The white mucilaginous pulp is used in folk medicine as a wound healing agent and for peptic ulcer, urinary, and tumor disease treatments. The activity of the proprotein convertases (PCs) Subtilisin/Kex is associated with the development of viral, bacterial and fungal infections, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and neoplastic diseases. METHODS: Morelloflavone (BF1) and semisynthetic biflavonoid (BF2, 3 and 4) from Garcinia brasiliensis were tested as inhibitor of PCs Kex2, PC1/3 and Furin, and determined IC50, Ki, human proinflammatory cytokines secretion in Caco-2 cells, mechanism of inhibition, and performed molecular docking studies. RESULTS: Biflavonoids were more effective in the inhibition of neuroendocrine PC1/3 than mammalian Furin and fungal Kex2. BF1 presented a mixed inhibition mechanism for Kex2 and PC1, and competitive inhibition for Furin. BF4 has no good interaction with Kex2 and Furin since carboxypropyl groups results in steric hindrance to ligand-protein interactions. Carboxypropyl groups of BF4 promote steric hindrance with Kex2 and Furin, but effective in the affinity of PC1/3. BF4 was more efficient at inhibiting PCl/3 (IC50 = 1.13 µM and Ki = 0,59 µM, simple linear competitive mechanism of inhibition) than Kex2, Furin. Also, our results strongly suggested that BF4 also inhibits the endogenous cellular PC1/3 activity in Caco-2 cells, since PC1/3 inhibition by BF4 causes a large increase in IL-8 and IL-1ß secretion in Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS: BF4 is a potent and selective inhibitor of PC1/3. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: BF4 is the best candidate for further clinical studies on inhibition of PC1/3.

Dating Applications, Sexual Behaviors, and Attitudes of College Students in Brazil's Legal Amazon.

Although dating applications (apps) have become popular among young adults, there is a dearth of information regarding the sexual health implications among Brazilian college students. This study examined risky sexual behavior and attitudes of dating app users, based on their sex in Brazil's Legal Amazon. Three hundred and fifty-nine students reported their sociodemographic data, dating app use, and sexual behaviors and attitudes through self-administered questionnaires. Bivariate analyses and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post-hoc tests were performed. Dating app use was reported by 238 (66.3%) subjects, most of whom had an encounter and sex with a casual partner. Women frequently requested condom use. Trust in one's partner or having repeated encounters were the main reasons for engaging in risky sexual behavior. Men had a greater number of sexual partners and less protective attitudes. Sexual health awareness by apps was not reported by 97% of women, and most of them were not tested for sexually transmitted infections. A positive attitude toward sexual health was not a predictor of safe sex. Important similarities and differences regarding risky sexual behaviors and attitudes were observed between the sexes, many of which correlated with increased sexual vulnerability during the sexual encounters arranged through the dating apps. This cross-sectional study supports efforts on sexual health promotion and sexual education implementation in the face of growing usage of apps among young adults for sexual matters.

Ebook como tecnologia educacional no ensino do cuidado seguro da criança com alergia à proteína do leite de vaca e demais alergias no ambiente escolar / Ebook as an educational technology in teaching safe care for children with cow's milk protein allergy and other allergies in the school environment

Introdução: Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, 35% da população brasileira possui algum tipo de alergia, e os principais tipos de alergia são as alergias alimentares. Estudos da Associação Brasileira de Alergia e Imunologia afirmam que entre 6% e 8% das crianças e entre 2 e 3% dos adultos têm alergias alimentares (AA) e dentre todas, a alergia à proteína do leite de vaca é a causa mais comum de alergia alimentar em crianças e adolescentes. Objetivo geral: Desenvolver tecnologias educacionais, com ênfase na produção de um E-book como ferramenta pedagógica para embasar o ensino à distância do cuidado seguro da criança com alergia à proteína do leite de vaca e demais alergias, para a formação profissional dos enfermeiros e profissionais de educação. Objetivos específicos: 1- Analisar as publicações nacionais e internacionais existentes sobre a gestão do cuidado seguro da criança alérgica à proteína do leite de vaca com risco de anafilaxia no ambiente extra-hospitalar. 2- Identificar o conhecimento dos graduandos de enfermagem sobre a gestão do cuidado seguro da criança com alergia. 3-Apresentar a elaboração e a aplicação de uma oficina para o ensino de acadêmicos de enfermagem, com a construção de um Plano de Ação. 4- Estruturar um curso na modalidade à distância para o ensino de todos os profissionais que atuam nas escolas. 5- Produzir e validar um E-book como material didático para o embasamento do curso na modalidade à distância. 6- Propor um Plano de Intervenção para o Cuidado Seguro na formação profissional dos enfermeiros e para os profissionais de educação. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo aplicada de natureza interventiva com desenvolvimento de tecnologias educacionais baseadas no método Design Thinking, ou seja, centradas no ser humano. A coleta de dados se deu durante uma oficina pedagógica, que foi estruturada com base na Metodologia da Problematização, onde foi aplicado um Pré e Pós-teste, utilizando um questionário semiestruturado, autoaplicável, composto por questões fechadas. Também foi elaborado pelos participantes um Plano de Ação abordando a temática referente à segurança da criança alérgica à proteína do leite no ambiente escolar. A partir desta oficina e de uma revisão prévia, estruturou-se um E-book como material didático do curso na modalidade à distância, que se pretende aplicar posteriormente a este estudo. O E-book foi validado por juízes especialistas através de um instrumento composto por vinte e dois itens, divididos em três blocos para avaliação da tecnologia educacional, adaptado da ferramenta proposta por TEIXEIRA (2011). Resultados: Participaram da oficina pedagógica 16 acadêmicos de enfermagem. Observou-se que 75% (12) referiram ter tido a escola como campo de estágio e 25,0% (4) disseram não ter passado ainda por uma escola no estágio curricular. Dentre os estudantes, 56,25% (9) disseram conhecer o Programa Saúde na Escola e 43,75% (7) não conhecem esta Política Pública. Quando indagados sobre se conseguiam correlacionar os conteúdos de segurança do paciente com o ambiente escolar, 62,5% (10) disseram que sim e 37,5% (6) afirmaram não conseguir. Entretanto, 100% (16) deles reconheceram que a criança com alergia ao leite de vaca está sujeita a riscos na escola. Conclusões: Constatou-se que o objetivo da oficina pedagógica foi cumprido. Foram construídos conhecimentos de forma coletiva, os participantes puderam sentir e visualizar a situação-problema apresentada, entendendo o papel e a importância de cada ator neste cenário. Discutiu-se como o enfermeiro pode atuar e ser o profissional de saúde responsável pelo planejamento das ações de gestão do cuidado da criança com alergia à proteína do leite de vaca e demais alergias, e agir na elaboração e na implementação de estratégias que possam propiciar um ambiente escolar com um mínimo aceitável de riscos às crianças. O uso da metodologia da Problematização em combinação com ferramentas de gestão se mostrou satisfatório e pode ser aplicado em diferentes contextos de cuidado em enfermagem. Sugere-se ampliar a oportunidade de se trabalhar conteúdos de segurança do paciente, em todas as disciplinas assistenciais do Currículo de Enfermagem, para que se aprenda a identificar os riscos, medir o dano, compreender as causas, identificar as soluções, avaliar o impacto e transpor a evidência em cuidados mais seguros. Como proposta de continuidade deste projeto, almeja-se a implementação de um curso na modalidade de ensino a distância com suporte do E-book Cuidado Seguro da criança com alergia alimentar no ambiente escolar, já validado por juízes especialistas.

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, 35% of the Brazilian population has some type of allergy, and the main types of allergy are food allergies. Studies by the Brazilian Allergy and Immunology Association state that between 6% and 8% of children and between 2 and 3% of adults have food allergies (AA). And among all, cow's milk protein allergy is the most common cause of food allergy in children and adolescents. General objective: To develop educational technologies, with emphasis on the production of an Ebook as a pedagogical tool to support the distance education of the safe care of children with allergies to cow's milk protein and other allergies, for the professional training of nurses and education professionals. Specific objectives: 1- To analyze existing national and international publications on the management of safe care for children allergic to cow's milk protein at risk of anaphylaxis in the out-of-hospital environment. 2- Identify the knowledge of nursing students on the safe care management of children with allergies. 3-To present the elaboration and application of a workshop for teaching nursing students, with the construction of an Action Plan. 4- Structuring a distance learning course for the teaching of all professionals working in schools. 5- Produce and validate an Ebook as teaching material to support the distance learning course. 6- Propose an Intervention Plan for Safe Care in the professional training of nurses and for education professionals. Method: This is an applied research of an interventional nature with the development of educational technologies based on the Design Thinking method, that is, centered on the human being. Data collection took place during a pedagogical workshop, which was structured based on the Problematization Methodology, where a Pre and Post-test was applied, using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire, consisting of closed questions. Participants also drew up an Action Plan addressing the issue related to the safety of children allergic to milk protein in the school environment. From this workshop and from a previous review, an Ebook was structured as didactic material for the course in the distance mode, which is intended to be applied later to this study. The Ebook was validated by expert judges through an instrument composed of twenty-two items, divided into three blocks for the assessment of educational technology, adapted from the tool proposed by TEIXEIRA (2011).Results: 16 nursing students participated in the pedagogical workshop. It was observed that 75% (12) reported having had the school as an internship field and 25.0% (4) said they had not yet gone through a school in the curricular internship. Among the students, 56.25% (9) said they knew the PSE and 43.75% (7) did not know this Public Policy. When asked if they could correlate patient safety content with the school environment, 62.5% (10) said yes and 37.5% (6) said they could not. However, 100% (16) of them recognized that the child with a cow's milk allergy is subject to risks at school. Conclusions: It was found that the objective of the pedagogical workshop was fulfilled. Knowledge was built collectively, participants could feel and visualize the problem situation presented, understanding the role and importance of each actor in this scenario. It was discussed how the nurse can act and be the health professional responsible for planning the management actions of child care with allergies to cow's milk protein and other allergies, and act in the design and implementation of strategies that can provide a school environment with an acceptable minimum risks to children. The use of the problematization methodology in combination with management tools, proved to be satisfactory, and can be applied in different contexts of nursing care. It is suggested to expand the opportunity to work on patient safety content, in all the care disciplines of the Nursing Curriculum, so that one learns to identify the risks, measure the damage, understand the causes, identify the solutions, evaluate the impact and transpose the evidence into safer care. As a proposal for the continuity of this project, the aim is to implement a distance learning course supported by the Ebook Safe Care of children with food allergy in the school environment, already validated by expert judges.

Chemical Composition, Toxicity, Antinociceptive, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Dry Aqueous Extract of Varronia multispicata (Cham.) Borhidi (Cordiaceae) Leaves.

Varronia multispicata (Cham.) Borhidi (Cordiaceae), an herbaceous plant distributed in tropical and subtropical regions is native of Brazil and widely used in folk medicine to treat respiratory and digestive diseases, inflammation, and some types of infections. Thus, this study aimed to investigate acute oral toxicity, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities of dry aqueous extract of V. multispicata (AEVm) and to identify its compounds. Extract was obtained by lyophilized leaf infusion and its composition was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Acute oral toxicity was evaluated in female rats treated with AEVm (2,000 mg/kg) in a single oral dose. Mortality, body weight changes, feed and water intake, organ weights, histological and biochemical parameters were screened for 14 days. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated by writhing (WT), formalin (FT), and hot plate (HP) tests in male mice while anti-inflammatory activity was performed by carrageenan (CPE) and dextran (DPE)-induced paw edema tests and carrageenan-induced peritonitis (CP) test in male rats. Additionally, spontaneous open-field (OF) locomotion was evaluated. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids with biological activity. In toxicity evaluation, extract did not cause deaths in dose of 2,000 mg/kg, and there were no significant behavioral or biochemical alterations. Additionally, evidence of hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity was observed. In pharmacological evaluation AEVm showed dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in WT, with a median effective dose of 146.89 mg/kg, which showed selectivity by inflammatory base processes (FT first phase; p < 0.001), showing no activity in neuropathic nociception components (FT second phase and HP) or about consciousness and locomotion in OF. AEVm also showed significant anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting CPE (p < 0.001) and cell migration (p < 0.05) and nitric oxide (NO) production (p < 0,01) in CP test. These data demonstrate that AEVm has low oral toxicity-with evidence of hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties-antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity, supporting V. multispicata traditional use, possibly related to flavonoids present in its constitution.

Efficacy of a Homeopathic Medicine of Capsicum frutescens L. (Solanaceae) in the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Menopausal Women: A Phase-2 Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Hot flashes are common in women during menopause, and are an important cause of discomfort, increasing the number of medical appointments. Hormone replacement therapy is an effective treatment, but it can bring undesirable consequences. Alternative treatments exist but they are not universally accepted or effective. The ingestion of malagueta peppers (popular name for fruits of Capsicum frutescens L., Solanaceae) causes sensations similar to those experienced by women during hot flashes. Using the homeopathic law of similars (let like be cured by like), we hypothesized that a homeopathic remedy made of malagueta peppers can be effective in alleviating menopausal hot flashes. We named this remedy Malagueta. METHODS: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase-2 clinical trial was designed to test the hypothesis that, in menopausal women, the homeopathic medicine Malagueta (30 CH), compared with placebo, will significantly reduce the intensity of hot flashes, after 4 weeks of treatment. The primary outcome was the intensity of hot flashes, measured by the Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP) instrument. A total of 40 women were enrolled in the study, 20 in each group. RESULTS: The effect of Malagueta on the primary outcome, the intensity of hot flashes, assessed by MYMOP, was superior to that of placebo over the 4 weeks of treatment, with worsening in both groups after treatment was interrupted (after week 4, p < 0.001 in ordinal logistic regression). The odds ratio for treatment response (reduction of at least three MYMOP categories) was 2.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.77 to 10.05). Treatment with Malagueta, compared with placebo, also reduced the intensity of the secondary symptoms (p = 0.001) and improved level of activity (p = 0.025) and well-being (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: The homeopathic medicine of Capsicum frutescens (Malagueta) was superior to placebo in reducing the intensity of hot flashes in menopausal women after 4 weeks of treatment.

Cryo-SOFI enabling low-dose super-resolution correlative light and electron cryo-microscopy.

Correlative light and electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-CLEM) combines information from the specific labeling of fluorescence cryo-microscopy (cryo-FM) with the high resolution in environmental context of electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM). Exploiting super-resolution methods for cryo-FM is advantageous, as it enables the identification of rare events within the environmental background of cryo-EM at a sensitivity and resolution beyond that of conventional methods. However, due to the need for relatively high laser intensities, current super-resolution cryo-CLEM methods require cryo-protectants or support films which can severely reduce image quality in cryo-EM and are not compatible with many samples, such as mammalian cells. Here, we introduce cryogenic super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (cryo-SOFI), a low-dose super-resolution imaging scheme based on the SOFI principle. As cryo-SOFI does not require special sample preparation, it is fully compatible with conventional cryo-EM specimens, and importantly, it does not affect the quality of cryo-EM imaging. By applying cryo-SOFI to a variety of biological application examples, we demonstrate resolutions up to ∼135 nm, an improvement of up to three times compared with conventional cryo-FM, while maintaining the specimen in a vitrified state for subsequent cryo-EM. Cryo-SOFI presents a general solution to the problem of specimen devitrification in super-resolution cryo-CLEM. It does not require a complex optical setup and can easily be implemented in any existing cryo-FM system.

Depressão e sua relação com a adesão à farmacoterapia anti-hipertensiva em idosos / Depression and its relationship with adherence to antihypertensive pharmacotherapy in elderly

Objetivo: analisar a relação entre adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso anti-hipertensivo e a depressão em idosos hipertensos assistidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família na cidade de Brazlândia, Distrito Federal. Método: Trata-se de estudo descritivo, transversal. Foi realizada entrevista estruturada e aplicação de questionários (EDG-15 e MMAS-8) em idosos hipertensos (n=261). Resultados: A análise mostrou 59% do sexo feminino, 90% de baixa escolaridade, 53% eram aposentados, 68% eram casados, 13% moravam sozinhos, 78% recebiam até 2 salários mínimos, 68% não faziam automedicação, 38% obtinham o medicamento no posto de saúde, 88% era sedentário, 81% não era tabagista, o medicamento mais usado foi o diurético 60%, 22% estava em monoterapia. Conclusão: A análise comparativa evidenciou que a medida de pressão arterial e a forma como adquire o medicamento são variáveis independentes da adesão ao tratamento. A prevalência de depressão foi de 37%. A razão de prevalência mostrou maior risco de depressão em pacientes com pressão arterial inadequada, com circunferência abdominal inadequada, com sobrepeso e que não aderem ao tratamento. A razão de prevalência mostrou menor risco de depressão nos homens e tabagistas.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between adherence to antihypertensive drug treatment and depression in hypertensive elderly assisted by the Family Health Strategy in the city of Brazlândia, Federal District. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Structured interviews and questionnaires (EDG-15 and MMAS-8) were performed in hypertensive elderly (n = 261). Results: The analysis showed 59% female, 90% low educated, 53% were retired, 68% were married, 13% lived alone, 78% received up to 2 minimum wages, 68% did not self-medicate, 38% obtained 88% sedentary, 81% non-smoker, 60% diuretic, 22% monotherapy. Conclusion: The comparative analysis showed that the measurement of blood pressure and the way you buy the drug are independent variables of treatment adherence. The prevalence of depression was 37%. The prevalence ratio showed a higher risk of depression in patients with inadequate blood pressure, inadequate waist circumference, overweight and not adhering to treatment. The prevalence ratio showed lower risk of depression in men and smokers.

Caracterização dos diagnósticos e psicotrópicos das pessoas privadas de liberdade / Characterization of diagnoses and psychotropics of persons deprived of their liberty

Objetiva-se caracterizar o diagnóstico de saúde mental das pessoas privadas de liberdade e os principais psicotrópicos que fazem uso. Apresenta-se sob a forma de um estudo descritivo e quantitativo fundamentado no tipo documental realizado no Complexo Penal Estadual de Mossoró/RN. Foram utilizados 125 prontuários: 57 de homens e 68 de mulheres. Os prontuários estavam inseridos no período de 2010 a 2017. Os dados foram tabulados em planilha eletrônica e transferidos para o programa estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 23.0, os quais foram expressos em frequência simples e porcentagem. A maioria do diagnóstico de saúde mental dos homens e das mulheres está relacionada à dependência química pelo abuso de drogas ilícitas. Os dados coletados continuamente podem instrumentalizar a equipe de saúde que atua na penitenciaria a discutirem as situações de risco e/ou problemas de saúde mental a que a população está submetida, auxiliando na verificação e monitoramento de indicadores

The objective is to characterize the mental health diagnosis of the persons deprived of their freedom and the main psychotropic drugs they use. It is presented in the form of a descriptive and quantitative study based on the documentary type carried out in the State Criminal Complex of Mossoró / RN. A total of 125 charts were used: 57 men and 68 women. The medical records were inserted between 2010 and 2017. The data were tabulated in spreadsheet and transferred to the statistical program Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0, which were expressed in simple frequency and percentage. Most men's and women's mental health diagnoses are related to chemical dependence from illicit drug abuse. The data collected continuously can instrumentalize the health team that works in the penitentiary to discuss the risk situations and / or mental health problems to which the population is subjected, assisting in the verification and monitoring of indicators

Research Priorities and Resource Allocation in the Investigation of New Drugs for Cancer in Least Developed Countries.

Cancer incidence has increased significantly in low- and middle-income countries. The priorities of international health research are not always aligned with the global burden of cancer. This study aims to analyze global tendencies in clinical trials in oncology and discuss research priorities and resource allocation in the investigation of new drugs for cancers that significantly affect the least developed countries. This was a retrospective and analytical study that included data collected from the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) in 2014. According to our results, there was a tendency for clinical trials involving breast and lung cancer to be conducted in countries with a lower level of economic development. On the other hand, cervical, stomach, and liver cancer, despite the significant burden that these place on middle- and low-income countries, were studied little among the countries selected. In conclusion, the organizations that most fund research to develop new drugs for cancer treatment continue to show little interest in prioritizing resources to fund research for certain types of cancer such as those of the cervix, stomach, and liver, which have a significant impact in low- and middle-income countries.

Indicadores de assistência às vias de parto / Care indicators for delivery routes

Objetivo: descrever as vias de parto a partir dos indicadores de assistência. Método: estudo quantitativo, epidemiológico descritivo, documental, desenvolvido a partir dos indicadores obstétricos neonatais das parturientes atendidas em uma maternidade. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi por meio de consulta aos dados disponíveis por cópias das planilhas do aplicativo Microsoft Excel® 2010. Os dados foram apresentados em tabelas. Resultados: a taxa de parto normal prevaleceu, enquanto a via cesariana foi acima do preconizado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Conclusão: achados não diferem de dados encontrados na literatura e evidenciam a necessidade de transformação do modelo de atenção ao pré-natal e ao parto.(AU)

Adesão de idosos com Insuficiência Renal Crônica a terapia hemodialítica / Adhesion of elderly people with Chronic Renal Insufficiency to hemodialysis therapy

Objetivo: identificar os fatores que influenciam a adesão de idosos ao tratamentohemodialítico. Método: pesquisa quantitativa, com 81 idosos em clínica de hemodiálise noNordeste do Brasil, dados coletados de janeiro a março de 2014. Os dados foram analisados pormeio da estatística descritiva. Resultados: as mulheres corresponderam a 50,6% dos idososestudados. A maior parte tinha entre dois e três anos em hemodiálise (51,9%). O ganho de pesointerdialítico variou de 1 a 6 quilos; a maioria dos pesquisados (86,4) foi assíduo às sessões dehemodiálise nos últimos seis meses. Em relação aos aspectos que influenciam negativamente aadesão ao tratamento hemodialítico referiram ser dificuldade para viajar, seguido de dor daspunções e hematomas no membro da fístula arteriovenosa. Conclusão: a identificação defatores que influenciam a adesão de idosos ao tratamento hemodialítico, devem subsidiar odesenvolvimento de ações educativas de enfermagem junto aos idosos e seus familiares.

Aim: to identify factors that influence adherence of elderly people tohemodialysis treatment. Methodology: descriptive research with a quantitative approach,with 81 elderly patients in a hemodialysis clinic in the Northeast of Brazil. Data werecollected from January to March, 2014 and analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results:women accounted for 50.6% of the elderly studied. The majority had between two to threeyears on hemodialysis (51.9%). Interdialytic weight gain varied from 1 to 6 kilos, most of the subjects (86.4) were assiduous at the hemodialysis sessions in the last six months. Regardingthe aspects that negatively influence adherence to hemodialysis treatment, difficulty to travel,followed by puncture pain and bruising in the arteriovenous fistula member were referred bythe subjects. Conclusion: the identification of factors that influence the adherence of elderlypeople to hemodialysis should support the development of educational nursing actionsinvolving the patients and their families.

Objetivo: identificar los factores que influyen la aceptación de los ancianos altratamiento de hemodiálisis. Metodología: investigación cuantitativa, con 81 ancianos en unaclínica de hemodiálisis en el noreste de Brasil, la recolección de datos ocurrió de enero amarzo 2014. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de estadística descriptiva. Resultados:las mujeres representaban el 50,6% de los ancianos estudiados. La mayoría tenía entre dos ytres años de hemodiálisis (51,9%). El aumento de peso en el período dialítico varió de 1 a 6kilos, la mayoría de los investigados (86,4) fueron asiduos a las sesiones de hemodiálisis enlos últimos seis meses. Sobre los aspectos que influyen negativamente en el asentimiento altratamiento de hemodiálisis los ancianos afirmaron ser difícil viajar, seguido del dolor de laspunciones y cardenales en miembro de la fístula arteriovenosa. Conclusión: la identificaciónde los factores que influyen en la aceptación de los ancianos a la hemodiálisis, debe subsidiarel desarrollo de acciones educativas de enfermería con ese grupo y sus familias.

Convergence of lateral dynamic measurements in the plasma membrane of live cells from single particle tracking and STED-FCS.

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) in combination with the super-resolution imaging method STED (STED-FCS), and single-particle tracking (SPT) are able to directly probe the lateral dynamics of lipids and proteins in the plasma membrane of live cells at spatial scales much below the diffraction limit of conventional microscopy. However, a major disparity in interpretation of data from SPT and STED-FCS remains, namely the proposed existence of a very fast (unhindered) lateral diffusion coefficient, ⩾5 µm2 s-1, in the plasma membrane of live cells at very short length scales, ≈⩽ 100 nm, and time scales, ≈1-10 ms. This fast diffusion coefficient has been advocated in several high-speed SPT studies, for lipids and membrane proteins alike, but the equivalent has not been detected in STED-FCS measurements. Resolving this ambiguity is important because the assessment of membrane dynamics currently relies heavily on SPT for the determination of heterogeneous diffusion. A possible systematic error in this approach would thus have vast implications in this field. To address this, we have re-visited the analysis procedure for SPT data with an emphasis on the measurement errors and the effect that these errors have on the measurement outputs. We subsequently demonstrate that STED-FCS and SPT data, following careful consideration of the experimental errors of the SPT data, converge to a common interpretation which for the case of a diffusing phospholipid analogue in the plasma membrane of live mouse embryo fibroblasts results in an unhindered, intra-compartment, diffusion coefficient of ≈0.7-1.0 µm2 s-1, and a compartment size of about 100-150 nm.

Reorganization of Lipid Diffusion by Myelin Basic Protein as Revealed by STED Nanoscopy.

Myelin is a multilayered membrane that ensheathes axonal fibers in the vertebrate nervous system, allowing fast propagation of nerve action potentials. It contains densely packed lipids, lacks an actin-based cytocortex, and requires myelin basic protein (MBP) as its major structural component. This protein is the basic constituent of the proteinaceous meshwork that is localized between adjacent cytoplasmic membranes of the myelin sheath. Yet, it is not clear how MBP influences the organization and dynamics of the lipid constituents of myelin. Here, we used optical stimulated emission depletion super-resolution microscopy in combination with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to assess the characteristics of diffusion of different fluorescent lipid analogs in myelin membrane sheets of cultured oligodendrocytes and in micrometer-sized domains that were induced by MBP in live epithelial PtK2 cells. Lipid diffusion was significantly faster and less anomalous both in oligodendrocytes and inside the MBP-rich domains of PtK2 cells compared with undisturbed live PtK2 cells. Our data show that MBP reorganizes lipid diffusion, possibly by preventing the buildup of an actin-based cytocortex and by preventing most membrane proteins from entering the myelin sheath region. Yet, in contrast to myelin sheets in oligodendrocytes, the MBP-induced domains in epithelial PtK2 cells demonstrate no change in lipid order, indicating that segregation of long-chain lipids into myelin sheets is a process specific to oligodendrocytes.

Aberrations and adaptive optics in super-resolution microscopy.

As one of the most powerful tools in the biological investigation of cellular structures and dynamic processes, fluorescence microscopy has undergone extraordinary developments in the past decades. The advent of super-resolution techniques has enabled fluorescence microscopy - or rather nanoscopy - to achieve nanoscale resolution in living specimens and unravelled the interior of cells with unprecedented detail. The methods employed in this expanding field of microscopy, however, are especially prone to the detrimental effects of optical aberrations. In this review, we discuss how super-resolution microscopy techniques based upon single-molecule switching, stimulated emission depletion and structured illumination each suffer from aberrations in different ways that are dependent upon intrinsic technical aspects. We discuss the use of adaptive optics as an effective means to overcome this problem.

Cortical actin networks induce spatio-temporal confinement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane--a minimally invasive investigation by STED-FCS.

Important discoveries in the last decades have changed our view of the plasma membrane organisation. Specifically, the cortical cytoskeleton has emerged as a key modulator of the lateral diffusion of membrane proteins. Cytoskeleton-dependent compartmentalised lipid diffusion has been proposed, but this concept remains controversial because this phenomenon has thus far only been observed with artefact-prone probes in combination with a single technique: single particle tracking. In this paper, we report the first direct observation of compartmentalised phospholipid diffusion in the plasma membrane of living cells using a minimally invasive, fluorescent dye labelled lipid analogue. These observations were made using optical STED nanoscopy in combination with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (STED-FCS), a technique which allows the study of membrane dynamics on a sub-millisecond time-scale and with a spatial resolution of down to 40 nm. Specifically, we find that compartmentalised phospholipid diffusion depends on the cortical actin cytoskeleton, and that this constrained diffusion is directly dependent on the F-actin branching nucleator Arp2/3. These findings provide solid evidence that the Arp2/3-dependent cortical actin cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in the dynamic organisation of the plasma membrane, potentially regulating fundamental cellular processes.