Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scale into Portuguese.

OBJECTIVE: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium anchor points from English to Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: For the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points, all steps recommended internationally were followed after authorization for use by the lead author. The stages were as follows: translation of the original version into Portuguese by two bilingual translators who were native speakers of the target language, synthesis of the versions, reverse translation by two translators who were native speakers of the source language, review and synthesis of the back-translation, review by a committee of experts and preparation of the final version. RESULTS: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points was conducted in accordance with recommendations. The linguistic and semantic issues that arose were discussed by a committee of judges, with 91.8% agreement, as determined using a Likert scale, after changes by consensus. After reanalysis by the authors, there were no changes, resulting in the final version, which was easy to understand and administer. CONCLUSION: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scale into Portuguese spoken in Brazil were successful, maintaining the linguistic and semantic properties of the original instrument. The table of anchor points is easy to understand and will be helpful during the assessment of children younger than 24 months using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scale.

Brazilian version of the CHOP INTEND scale: cross-cultural adaptation and validation.

BACKGROUND: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic disease that causes progressive muscle weakness and impacts motor function. The type I is the most severe presentation and affects infants before 6 months old. In addition, the instruments available for assessing motor function have limitations when applied to infants with neuromuscular diseases and significant muscle weakness. OBJECTIVE: To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND) to Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: The present study comprised the translation, synthesis of translations, backtranslation, consolidation by a committee of experts, and test of the final version of the CHOP INTEND in 13 patients with SMA type I. We also assessed the content validity and reliability of the translated version. RESULTS: The scale was translated considering semantic, structural, idiomatic, and cultural aspects. All agreement rates were > 0.8, the overall content validity index of the instrument was 0.98, and inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.998. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the CHOP INTEND met semantic and technical equivalence criteria with the original version and was valid and reliable for patients with SMA type I.

ANTECEDENTES: A atrofia muscular espinhal (AME) é uma doença genética rara que provoca fraqueza muscular progressiva com impacto sobre a motricidade dos pacientes. A AME tipo I é considerada o tipo mais grave e acomete lactentes antes dos 6 meses de idade. As escalas disponíveis para avaliação das aquisições motoras mostram limitações para uso com crianças pequenas com doenças neuromusculares e fraqueza importante. OBJETIVO: Realizar a tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação para a língua portuguesa do Brasil da Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND, na sigla em inglês). MéTODOS: O presente estudo seguiu as etapas de tradução, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, consolidação por comitê de especialistas e teste com 13 pacientes com AME tipo 1. Foi avaliada a validade de conteúdo e a confiabilidade do instrumento. RESULTADOS: A escala foi traduzida considerando os aspectos semânticos, estruturais, idiomáticos e culturais. Todas as taxas de concordância foram > 0,8. O índice de validade de conteúdo geral do instrumento foi de 0,98. A confiabilidade interavaliadores analisada através do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC, na sigla em inglês) demonstrou um valor de ICC = 0,998. CONCLUSãO: A versão da CHOP INTEND em português atende aos critérios de equivalência semântica e técnica em relação à versão original e apresenta validade de conteúdo e confiabilidade para seu uso na população de pacientes com AME tipo I.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scale into Portuguese / Tradução e adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras da escala Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium para língua portuguesa

ABSTRACT Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium anchor points from English to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: For the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points, all steps recommended internationally were followed after authorization for use by the lead author. The stages were as follows: translation of the original version into Portuguese by two bilingual translators who were native speakers of the target language, synthesis of the versions, reverse translation by two translators who were native speakers of the source language, review and synthesis of the back-translation, review by a committee of experts and preparation of the final version. Results: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points was conducted in accordance with recommendations. The linguistic and semantic issues that arose were discussed by a committee of judges, with 91.8% agreement, as determined using a Likert scale, after changes by consensus. After reanalysis by the authors, there were no changes, resulting in the final version, which was easy to understand and administer. Conclusion: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scale into Portuguese spoken in Brazil were successful, maintaining the linguistic and semantic properties of the original instrument. The table of anchor points is easy to understand and will be helpful during the assessment of children younger than 24 months using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scale.

RESUMO Objetivo: Traduzir e realizar a adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras da escala Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium do inglês para a língua portuguesa do Brasil. Métodos: O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras seguiu todas as etapas recomendadas internacionalmente após a autorização de uso pela autora principal. As etapas foram: tradução da versão original para língua portuguesa por dois tradutores bilíngues nativos do idioma-alvo; síntese das versões; tradução reversa por dois tradutores nativos do idioma de origem; revisão e síntese da retradução; revisão por um comitê de juízes formado por especialistas e elaboração da versão final. Resultados: O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras seguiu as recomendações. As questões linguísticas e semânticas que surgiram foram discutidas pelo comitê de juízes, no qual se observou concordância de 91,8% pela escala de Likert com pequenas alterações de forma consensual. Após reanálise dos autores, não houve alterações, resultando na versão final, de fácil compreensão e administração. Conclusão: A tradução e a adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras da escala de Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium para a língua portuguesa falada no Brasil foram bem-sucedidas com manutenção das propriedades linguísticas e semânticas do instrumento original. A tabela dos pontos âncoras mostrou ser de fácil compreensão e auxílio durante a avaliação das crianças abaixo de 24 meses por meio da escala de Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium.

Brazilian version of the CHOP INTEND scale: cross-cultural adaptation and validation / Versão brasileira da escala CHOP INTEND: adaptação transcultural e validação

Abstract Background Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic disease that causes progressive muscle weakness and impacts motor function. The type I is the most severe presentation and affects infants before 6 months old. In addition, the instruments available for assessing motor function have limitations when applied to infants with neuromuscular diseases and significant muscle weakness. Objective To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND) to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The present study comprised the translation, synthesis of translations, backtranslation, consolidation by a committee of experts, and test of the final version of the CHOP INTEND in 13 patients with SMA type I. We also assessed the content validity and reliability of the translated version. Results The scale was translated considering semantic, structural, idiomatic, and cultural aspects. All agreement rates were > 0.8, the overall content validity index of the instrument was 0.98, and inter-rater reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.998. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the CHOP INTEND met semantic and technical equivalence criteria with the original version and was valid and reliable for patients with SMA type I.

Resumo Antecedentes A atrofia muscular espinhal (AME) é uma doença genética rara que provoca fraqueza muscular progressiva com impacto sobre a motricidade dos pacientes. A AME tipo I é considerada o tipo mais grave e acomete lactentes antes dos 6 meses de idade. As escalas disponíveis para avaliação das aquisições motoras mostram limitações para uso com crianças pequenas com doenças neuromusculares e fraqueza importante. Objetivo Realizar a tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação para a língua portuguesa do Brasil da Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND, na sigla em inglês). Métodos O presente estudo seguiu as etapas de tradução, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, consolidação por comitê de especialistas e teste com 13 pacientes com AME tipo 1. Foi avaliada a validade de conteúdo e a confiabilidade do instrumento. Resultados A escala foi traduzida considerando os aspectos semânticos, estruturais, idiomáticos e culturais. Todas as taxas de concordância foram > 0,8. O índice de validade de conteúdo geral do instrumento foi de 0,98. A confiabilidade interavaliadores analisada através do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC, na sigla em inglês) demonstrou um valor de ICC = 0,998. Conclusão A versão da CHOP INTEND em português atende aos critérios de equivalência semântica e técnica em relação à versão original e apresenta validade de conteúdo e confiabilidade para seu uso na população de pacientes com AME tipo I.

Upper airway angle and glottic height: a prospective cohort to evaluate two new features for airway prediction.

BACKGROUND: Predicting difficult direct laryngoscopies remains challenging and improvements are needed in preoperative airway assessment. We conceived two new tests (the upper airway angle and the glottic height) and assessed their association with difficult direct laryngoscopies as well as their predictive performance. METHODS: A prospective cohort was conducted with 211 patients undergoing general anesthesia for surgical procedures. We assessed the association between difficult laryngoscopies and modified Mallampati Test (MMT), Upper Lip Bite Test (ULBT), Mandibular Length (ML), Neck Circumference (NC), Mouth Opening (MO), Sternomental Distance (SMD), Thyromental Distance (TMD), Upper Airway Angle (UAA), and Glottic Height (GH). We also estimated their predictive values. RESULTS: Difficult laryngoscopy was presented by 12 patients (5.7%). Six tests were significantly associated with difficult laryngoscopies and their area under the ROC curve, and 95% CIs were as follows: UAA = 88.82 (81.86-95.78); GH = 86.43 (72.67-100); ML = 83.75 (72.77-94.74); NC = 79.17 (64.98-93.36); MO = 65.58 (45.13-86.02); and MMT = 77.89 (68.37-87.41). CONCLUSION: We have found two new features (the UAA and the GH) to be significantly associated with the occurrence of difficult direct laryngoscopies. They also presented the best predictive performance amongst the nine evaluated tests in our cohort of patients. We cannot ensure, however, these tests to be superior to other regularly used bedside tests based on our estimated 95% CIs.

Upper airway angle and glottic height: a prospective cohort to evaluate two new features for airway prediction

Abstract Background: Predicting difficult direct laryngoscopies remains challenging and improvements are needed in preoperative airway assessment. We conceived two new tests (the upper airway angle and the glottic height) and assessed their association with difficult direct laryngoscopies as well as their predictive performance. Methods: A prospective cohort was conducted with 211 patients undergoing general anesthesia for surgical procedures. We assessed the association between difficult laryngoscopies and modified Mallampati Test (MMT), Upper Lip Bite Test (ULBT), Mandibular Length (ML), Neck Circumference (NC), Mouth Opening (MO), Sternomental Distance (SMD), Thyromental Distance (TMD), Upper Airway Angle (UAA), and Glottic Height (GH). We also estimated their predictive values. Results: Difficult laryngoscopy was presented by 12 patients (5.7%). Six tests were significantly associated with difficult laryngoscopies and their area under the ROC curve, and 95% CIs were as follows: UAA = 88.82 (81.86-95.78); GH = 86.43 (72.67-100); ML = 83.75 (72.77-94.74); NC = 79.17 (64.98-93.36); MO = 65.58 (45.13-86.02); and MMT = 77.89 (68.37-87.41). Conclusion: We have found two new features (the UAA and the GH) to be significantly associated with the occurrence of difficult direct laryngoscopies. They also presented the best predictive performance amongst the nine evaluated tests in our cohort of patients. We cannot ensure, however, these tests to be superior to other regularly used bedside tests based on our estimated 95% CIs.

Short-term functional changes after hospital discharge by COVID-19 through teleconsultation at a reference service in Northeast Brazil: A cross-sectional study.

Coronavirus infection disease 2019 (COVID-19) was associated with a physical-functional and emotional decline in patients with COVID-19 hospital internment. Objective: Evaluate the main functional changes after hospital discharge after COVID-19 by teleconsultation. A cross-sectional study was carried out between April and July 2020, the peak period of new cases, hospital admission, and deaths by COVID-19, in Recife-Brazil. We included patients (n = 89) over 18 years with positive COVID-19 RT-PCR tests and hospitalized for more than 7 days. Functional aspects such as muscle pain, shortness of breath, cough, weight loss >5 kg, weakness/fatigue, daily living activities, balance, walking, lying down, sensitivity, anxiety/sadness, altered memory, or understanding were assessed. Besides this, the impact of hospital admission on daily activities and the quality of information obtained by teleconsultation were quantified. The mean age was 63.5 years (±14), and in the hospital, the mean internment was 18 days (±16). The main findings of this study showed four predominant functional alterations: weight loss greater than 5 kg (60.7%), muscle fatigue/weakness (53.9%), muscle/joint pain (43.8%), and anxiety/sadness (46.1%). Of the functions analyzed, 59.6% of patients reported dysfunctions in at least three of the alterations evaluated. There were several short-term physical-functional and emotional changes in adults after hospital discharge.

Continuous positive airway pressure to reduce the risk of early peripheral oxygen desaturation after onset of apnoea in children: A double-blind randomised controlled trial.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during anaesthesia induction improves oxygen saturation (SpO2) outcomes in adults subjected to airway manipulation, and could similarly support oxygenation in children. We evaluated whether CPAP ventilation and passive CPAP oxygenation in children would defer a SpO2 decrease to 95% after apnoea onset compared to the regular technique in which no positive airway pressure is applied. In this double-blind, parallel, randomised controlled clinical trial, 68 children aged 2-6 years with ASA I-II who underwent surgery under general anaesthesia were divided into CPAP and control groups (n = 34 in each group). The intervention was CPAP ventilation and passive CPAP oxygenation using an anaesthesia workstation. The primary outcome was the elapsed time until SpO2 decreased to 95% during a follow-up period of 300 s from apnoea onset (T1). We also recorded the time required to regain baseline levels from an SpO2 of 95% aided by positive pressure ventilation (T2). The median T1 was 278 s (95% confidence interval [CI]: 188-368) in the CPAP group and 124 s (95% CI: 92-157) in the control group (median difference: 154 s; 95% CI: 58-249; p = 0.002). There were 17 (50%) and 32 (94.1%) primary events in the CPAP and control groups, respectively. The hazard ratio was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.14-0.48; p<0.001). The median for T2 was 21 s (95% CI: 13-29) and 29 s (95% CI: 22-36) in the CPAP and control groups, respectively (median difference: 8 s; 95% CI: -3 to 19; p = 0.142). SpO2 was significantly higher in the CPAP group than in the control group throughout the consecutive measures between 60 and 210 s (with p ranging from 0.047 to <0.001). Thus, in the age groups examined, CPAP ventilation and passive CPAP oxygenation deferred SpO2 decrease after apnoea onset compared to the regular technique with no positive airway pressure.

Peak inspiratory flow in children and adolescents with asthma using dry powder inhalers: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To measure peak inspiratory flow (PIF) and assess dynamic lung function in children and adolescents with asthma, as well as to determine the association of PIF with dynamic lung function and clinical variables. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of children and adolescents with asthma using dry powder inhalers (DPIs) regularly. The control group included sex-, age-, weight-, and height-matched individuals without lung disease. Socioeconomic and clinical variables were collected. PIF and dynamic lung function variables were obtained with a specific device. Between-group comparisons were made with the Student's t-test and ANOVA. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to assess associations between PIF and the other variables. RESULTS: A total of 88 individuals (44 asthma patients and 44 controls) participated in the study. PIF and respiratory muscle strength (S-index) values were lower in the asthma patients than in the controls. PIF correlated positively with age, weight, height, and S-index in the asthma group. After controlling for height, we found an increase of 0.05 units in PIF associated with an increase of 1 unit in the S-index in the asthma group. CONCLUSIONS: PIF appears to be lower in children and adolescents with asthma than in those without asthma, correlating positively with age, height, weight, and respiratory muscle strength.

Women with cancer and COVID-19: an analysis of lethality and clinical aspects in Pernambuco / Mulheres com câncer e COVID-19: uma análise da letalidade e aspectos clínicos em Pernambuco

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the lethality and clinical characteristics in Pernambuco women with neoplasia that were infected by SARS-CoV-2. Methods: a cross-sectional, retrospective study with female patients with neoplasm sin the state of Pernambuco registered and made available by the Secretariat of Planning and Management of the State of Pernambuco (SEPLAG PE). Secondary data from public domain notifications and the independent factors associated with death were analyzed through logistic regression. The value ofp<0.25 was considered significant in the bivariate analysis and for a multivariate analysis, the value ofp<0.05 was considered significant. Results: forty-nine women died. The mean age and standard deviation were 58.75 ± 20.93 years. 55.86% of the patients were 60 years old or more. The overall lethality rate was 72.06% (CI95%=59.8 - 82.2). The most prevalent symptoms were fever (70.59%), cough (58.82%), dyspnea (57.35%) and O2 saturation less than 95% (48.53%). Conclusions: female patients, with cancer and infected by SARS-CoV-2 are particularly susceptible to death, regardless of the presence of comorbidities or age, with peripheral O2 saturation <95% being the only independent factor associated with death in this group.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a letalidade e características clínicas em mulheres pernambucanas portadoras de neoplasia que apresentaram infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Métodos: estudo de corte transversal, retrospectivo com pacientes do sexo feminino, portadoras de neoplasias no estado de Pernambuco com registros disponibilizados pela Secretaria de Planejamento e Gestão do Estado de Pernambuco. Analisou-se dados secundários de notificações de domínio público e os fatores independentes associados ao óbito através de regressão logística. Foi considerado significativo o valor de p<0,25 na análise bivariada e para a análise multivariada foi considerado significativo o valor de p<0,05. Resultados: quarenta e nove mulheres vieram a óbito. A média da idade e desvio padrão foram 58, 75 ± 20,93 anos. 55,86% das pacientes tinham 60 anos ou mais. A taxa de letalidade global foi de 72,06% (IC95%= 59,8 - 82,2). Os sintomas mais prevalentes foram febre (70,59%), tosse (58,82%), dispneia (57,35%) e saturação de O2 <95% (48,53%). Conclusão: pacientes do sexo feminino, com câncer e infectadas pelo SARS-CoV-2 são particularmente suscetíveis a óbito, independentemente da presença de comorbidades ou da idade, sendo a saturação periférica de O2 <95% o único fator independente associado ao óbito nesse grupo.

Peak inspiratory flow in children and adolescents with asthma using dry powder inhalers: a cross-sectional study / Pico de fluxo inspiratório de crianças e adolescentes com asma que utilizam inaladores de pó: um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objective: To measure peak inspiratory flow (PIF) and assess dynamic lung function in children and adolescents with asthma, as well as to determine the association of PIF with dynamic lung function and clinical variables. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of children and adolescents with asthma using dry powder inhalers (DPIs) regularly. The control group included sex-, age-, weight-, and height-matched individuals without lung disease. Socioeconomic and clinical variables were collected. PIF and dynamic lung function variables were obtained with a specific device. Between-group comparisons were made with the Student's t-test and ANOVA. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to assess associations between PIF and the other variables. Results: A total of 88 individuals (44 asthma patients and 44 controls) participated in the study. PIF and respiratory muscle strength (S-index) values were lower in the asthma patients than in the controls. PIF correlated positively with age, weight, height, and S-index in the asthma group. After controlling for height, we found an increase of 0.05 units in PIF associated with an increase of 1 unit in the S-index in the asthma group. Conclusions: PIF appears to be lower in children and adolescents with asthma than in those without asthma, correlating positively with age, height, weight, and respiratory muscle strength.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o pico de fluxo inspiratório (PFI) e a função pulmonar dinâmica de crianças e adolescentes asmáticos e verificar sua associação com variáveis clínicas. Métodos: Estudo transversal com crianças e adolescentes asmáticos que faziam uso regular de inaladores de pó. O grupo controle foi composto por participantes sem doença pulmonar, pareados por sexo, idade, peso e altura. Foram coletadas variáveis socioeconômicas e clínicas. O PFI e variáveis de função pulmonar dinâmica foram obtidos através de um dispositivo específico. As associações entre os dois grupos foram estudadas utilizando-se o teste t de Student e ANOVA. Realizou-se um modelo de regressão linear múltipla e foram calculados os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson para estimar associações entre o PFI e as demais variáveis. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 88 participantes (44 em cada grupo). Nos asmáticos, os valores do PFI e de força muscular respiratória (S-índex) foram menores que os dos controles. O PFI nos asmáticos apresentou correlações positivas com as variáveis idade, peso, altura e S-índex. Controlando-se a altura, houve um aumento de 0,05 unidades no PFI associado ao aumento de 1 unidade de S-índex nos asmáticos. Conclusões: O PFI é menor em crianças e adolescentes com asma em comparação àqueles sem asma com características antropométricas semelhantes e apresenta correlações positivas com idade, altura, peso e força dos músculos respiratórios.

Static and dynamic evaluation of respiratory muscle strength in asthmatic children and adolescents / Avaliação estática e dinâmica da força muscular respiratória de crianças e adolescentes asmáticos

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate static and dynamic respiratory muscle strength in children and adolescents with asthma. Methods: cross-sectional study, involving 80 children and adolescents, 40 with asthma and 40 healthy controls. Biological and clinical characteristics were analyzed. The analysis of the dynamic inspiratory muscle strength was obtained using the KH5 device of the POWERbreathe® line, while the static evaluation was performed using an analog manova-cuometer. Results: the mean obtained from the S-Index was higher in the control group compared to asthmatics (p = 0.026). There was no statistical difference between MIP values for asthmatics and predicted values (p = 0.056). The MEP results showed a significant difference between the mean of the cases and the predicted values (p = 0.000). There was a positive correlation between height and S-Index (p = 0.002 and r = 0.438). Conclusion: the present study demonstrated that the static inspiratory muscle strength (PImáx) of children and adolescents with asthma in comparison with the values predicted in the literature does not differ, however, when submitted to dynamic assessment (S-Index), it presents higher values in healthy controls. In addition, the S-Index showed a positive correlation with the child's height.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a força muscular respiratória estática e dinâmica em crianças e adolescentes com asma. Métodos: estudo transversal, envolvendo 80 crianças e adolescentes, sendo 40 com asma e 40 controles saudáveis. Analisadas características biológicas e clínicas.A análise da força muscular inspiratória dinâmica foi obtida através do dispositivo KH5 da linha POWERbreathe®, enquanto a avaliação estática, foirealizadapor meio de um manova-cuômetro analógico. Resultados: a média obtida do S-Index foi maior no grupo controle comparado aos asmáticos (p= 0.026). Não houve diferença estatísticaentre os valores de PImáx dos asmáticos e os valores preditos (p = 0.056). Os resultados da PEmáx demonstraram uma diferença significante entre a média dos casos com os valores preditos (p = 0.000). Houve correlação positiva entre a altura e S-Index (p = 0,002 e r = 0,438). Conclusão: o presente estudo demonstrou que a força muscular inspiratória estática (PImáx) de crianças e adolescentes asmáticos em comparação com os valores preditos na literatura não difere, porém, quando submetidos à avaliação dinâmica (S-Index), esta apresenta valores superiores em controles saudáveis. Além disso, o S-Index demonstrou uma correlação positiva com a altura da criança.

Noninvasive ventilation as the first choice of ventilatory support in children. / Ventilação não invasiva como primeira escolha de suporte ventilatório em crianças.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of noninvasive ventilation to prevent tracheal intubation in children in a pediatric intensive care unit and to analyze the factors related to respiratory failure. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed from January 2016 to May 2018. The study population included children aged 1 to 14 years who were subjected to noninvasive ventilation as the first therapeutic choice for acute respiratory failure. Biological, clinical and managerial data were analyzed by applying a model with the variables that obtained significance ≤ 0.20 in a bivariate analysis. Logistic regression was performed using the ENTER method. The level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: The children had a mean age of 68.7 ± 42.3 months, 96.6% had respiratory disease as a primary diagnosis, and 15.8% had comorbidities. Of the 209 patients, noninvasive ventilation was the first option for ventilatory support in 86.6% of the patients, and the fraction of inspired oxygen was ≥ 0.40 in 47% of the cases. The lethality rate was 1.4%. The data for the use of noninvasive ventilation showed a high success rate of 95.3% (84.32 - 106). The Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score and the length of stay in the intensive care unit were the significant clinical variables for the success or failure of noninvasive ventilation. CONCLUSION: A high rate of effectiveness was found for the use of noninvasive ventilation for acute episodes of respiratory failure. A higher PRISM score on admission, comorbidities associated with respiratory symptoms and oxygen use ≥ 40% were independent factors related to noninvasive ventilation failure.

OBJETIVO: Descrever o uso da ventilação não invasiva na prevenção da intubação traqueal em crianças em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica e analisar os fatores relacionados à falha. MÉTODOS: Coorte retrospectiva referente ao período de janeiro 2016 a maio 2018. População composta por crianças entre1mês a14 anos, submetidas à ventilação não invasiva como primeira escolha terapêutica para insuficiência respiratória aguda. Analisaram-se os dados biológicos, clínicos e gerenciais, sendo aplicado um modelo com as variáveis que obtiveram significância ≤ 0,20 na análise bivariada. Foi realizada regressão logística pelo método de ENTER. Considerou-se nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: As crianças tiveram média de idade de 68,7 ± 42,3 meses, 96,6% tiveram como diagnóstico principal doença respiratória e 15,8% apresentavam comorbidades. Do total de 209, a ventilação não invasiva foi realizada como primeira opção de suporte ventilatório em 86,6% dos pacientes e a fração inspirada de oxigênio ≥ 0,40 em 47% dos casos. A letalidade foi de 1,4%. O gerenciamento dos dados do uso da ventilação não invasiva demonstrou alta taxa de sucesso, sendo esta de 95,3% (84,32 - 106). As variáveis clínicas significantes no sucesso ou na falha da ventilação não invasiva foram o Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) e o tempo de estadia na unidade de terapia intensiva. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se alta taxa de efetividade no uso da ventilação não invasiva para episódios agudos de insuficiência respiratória. PRISM de admissão mais altos, comorbidades associadas ao quadro respiratório e uso de oxigênio ≥ 40%foram fatores independentes relacionados à falha da ventilação não invasiva.

Ventilação não invasiva como primeira escolha de suporte ventilatório em crianças / Noninvasive ventilation as the first choice of ventilatory support in children

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o uso da ventilação não invasiva na prevenção da intubação traqueal em crianças em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica e analisar os fatores relacionados à falha. Métodos: Coorte retrospectiva referente ao período de janeiro 2016 a maio 2018. População composta por crianças entre1mês a14 anos, submetidas à ventilação não invasiva como primeira escolha terapêutica para insuficiência respiratória aguda. Analisaram-se os dados biológicos, clínicos e gerenciais, sendo aplicado um modelo com as variáveis que obtiveram significância ≤ 0,20 na análise bivariada. Foi realizada regressão logística pelo método de ENTER. Considerou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: As crianças tiveram média de idade de 68,7 ± 42,3 meses, 96,6% tiveram como diagnóstico principal doença respiratória e 15,8% apresentavam comorbidades. Do total de 209, a ventilação não invasiva foi realizada como primeira opção de suporte ventilatório em 86,6% dos pacientes e a fração inspirada de oxigênio ≥ 0,40 em 47% dos casos. A letalidade foi de 1,4%. O gerenciamento dos dados do uso da ventilação não invasiva demonstrou alta taxa de sucesso, sendo esta de 95,3% (84,32 - 106). As variáveis clínicas significantes no sucesso ou na falha da ventilação não invasiva foram o Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) e o tempo de estadia na unidade de terapia intensiva. Conclusão: Observou-se alta taxa de efetividade no uso da ventilação não invasiva para episódios agudos de insuficiência respiratória. PRISM de admissão mais altos, comorbidades associadas ao quadro respiratório e uso de oxigênio ≥ 40%foram fatores independentes relacionados à falha da ventilação não invasiva.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the use of noninvasive ventilation to prevent tracheal intubation in children in a pediatric intensive care unit and to analyze the factors related to respiratory failure. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed from January 2016 to May 2018. The study population included children aged 1 to 14 years who were subjected to noninvasive ventilation as the first therapeutic choice for acute respiratory failure. Biological, clinical and managerial data were analyzed by applying a model with the variables that obtained significance ≤ 0.20 in a bivariate analysis. Logistic regression was performed using the ENTER method. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The children had a mean age of 68.7 ± 42.3 months, 96.6% had respiratory disease as a primary diagnosis, and 15.8% had comorbidities. Of the 209 patients, noninvasive ventilation was the first option for ventilatory support in 86.6% of the patients, and the fraction of inspired oxygen was ≥ 0.40 in 47% of the cases. The lethality rate was 1.4%. The data for the use of noninvasive ventilation showed a high success rate of 95.3% (84.32 - 106). The Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score and the length of stay in the intensive care unit were the significant clinical variables for the success or failure of noninvasive ventilation. Conclusion: A high rate of effectiveness was found for the use of noninvasive ventilation for acute episodes of respiratory failure. A higher PRISM score on admission, comorbidities associated with respiratory symptoms and oxygen use ≥ 40% were independent factors related to noninvasive ventilation failure.

Brazilian version of the Pediatric Functional Status Scale: translation and cross-cultural adaptation. / Versão brasileira da Functional Status Scale pediátrica: tradução e adaptação transcultural.

OBJECTIVE: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Functional Status Scale for hospitalized children into Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: A methodological study of the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Functional Status Scale was conducted, according to the stages of translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, synthesis of back-translations, expert committee analysis and pre-test with a sample of the target population. During the evaluation by the committee of experts, semantic, content and item analyses were performed. RESULTS: The semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalences between the translated version and the original version were obtained, resulting in the Brazilian version of the Functional Status Scale. After the analysis by the expert committee, there were no problems regarding the cultural or conceptual equivalences because the items were pertinent to the Brazilian culture and few terms were modified. In the pre-test stage, the scale was applied by two evaluators to a sample of 25 children. Clarity and ease in answering the scale items were observed. Good inter-observer reliability was obtained, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.85 (0.59 - 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: The Functional Status Scale for pediatric use was translated and culturally adapted into Portuguese spoken in Brazil. The translated items were pertinent to the Brazilian culture and evaluated the dimensions proposed by the original instrument. Validation studies of this instrument are suggested to make it feasible for use in different regions of Brazil.

OBJETIVO: Realizar a tradução e a adaptação transcultural da Functional Status Scale em crianças hospitalizadas para o português do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo metodológico de tradução e adaptação transcultural da Functional Status Scale, seguindo as etapas tradução, síntese das traduções, retradução, síntese das retraduções, análise por comitê de juízes e pré-teste com amostra da população-alvo. Durante a avaliação do comitê de juízes, foi realizada a análise semântica, de conteúdo e dos itens. RESULTADOS: Foram obtidas as equivalências semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual entre as versões traduzidas e a original, resultando na versão brasileira da Functional Status Scale. Após a análise do comitê de juízes, não se constataram problemas quanto às equivalências culturais e conceituais, pois os itens foram pertinentes à cultura brasileira, e poucos termos foram modificados. Na etapa de pré-teste, a escala foi aplicada por dois avaliadores em uma amostra de 25 crianças. Observaram-se clareza e facilidade em responder os itens da escala. Obteve-se boa confiabilidade entre os observadores, com coeficiente de correlação intraclasse de 0,85 (0,59 - 0,95). CONCLUSÕES: A Functional Status Scale para uso pediátrico foi traduzida e adaptada culturalmente para o português com uso no Brasil. Os itens traduzidos foram pertinentes à cultura brasileira e avaliaram a dimensão proposta pelo instrumento original. Sugerem-se estudos de validação deste instrumento, a fim de viabilizar sua utilização nas diversas regiões do Brasil.

Versão brasileira da Functional Status Scale pediátrica: tradução e adaptação transcultural / Brazilian version of the Pediatric Functional Status Scale: translation and cross-cultural adaptation

RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar a tradução e a adaptação transcultural da Functional Status Scale em crianças hospitalizadas para o português do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo metodológico de tradução e adaptação transcultural da Functional Status Scale, seguindo as etapas tradução, síntese das traduções, retradução, síntese das retraduções, análise por comitê de juízes e pré-teste com amostra da população-alvo. Durante a avaliação do comitê de juízes, foi realizada a análise semântica, de conteúdo e dos itens. Resultados: Foram obtidas as equivalências semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual entre as versões traduzidas e a original, resultando na versão brasileira da Functional Status Scale. Após a análise do comitê de juízes, não se constataram problemas quanto às equivalências culturais e conceituais, pois os itens foram pertinentes à cultura brasileira, e poucos termos foram modificados. Na etapa de pré-teste, a escala foi aplicada por dois avaliadores em uma amostra de 25 crianças. Observaram-se clareza e facilidade em responder os itens da escala. Obteve-se boa confiabilidade entre os observadores, com coeficiente de correlação intraclasse de 0,85 (0,59 - 0,95). Conclusões: A Functional Status Scale para uso pediátrico foi traduzida e adaptada culturalmente para o português com uso no Brasil. Os itens traduzidos foram pertinentes à cultura brasileira e avaliaram a dimensão proposta pelo instrumento original. Sugerem-se estudos de validação deste instrumento, a fim de viabilizar sua utilização nas diversas regiões do Brasil.

ABSTRACT Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Functional Status Scale for hospitalized children into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: A methodological study of the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Functional Status Scale was conducted, according to the stages of translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, synthesis of back-translations, expert committee analysis and pre-test with a sample of the target population. During the evaluation by the committee of experts, semantic, content and item analyses were performed. Results: The semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalences between the translated version and the original version were obtained, resulting in the Brazilian version of the Functional Status Scale. After the analysis by the expert committee, there were no problems regarding the cultural or conceptual equivalences because the items were pertinent to the Brazilian culture and few terms were modified. In the pre-test stage, the scale was applied by two evaluators to a sample of 25 children. Clarity and ease in answering the scale items were observed. Good inter-observer reliability was obtained, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.85 (0.59 - 0.95). Conclusions: The Functional Status Scale for pediatric use was translated and culturally adapted into Portuguese spoken in Brazil. The translated items were pertinent to the Brazilian culture and evaluated the dimensions proposed by the original instrument. Validation studies of this instrument are suggested to make it feasible for use in different regions of Brazil.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scale for the Portuguese language. / Tradução e adaptação transcultural da escala Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium para língua portuguesa.

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to translate the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium from English into Brazilian Portuguese and cross-culturally adapt it for use in Brazil. METHODS: Following the authorization granted by its main author, the processes of translation and cross-cultural adaptation were performed with regard to the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium in accordance with the following internationally recommended steps: translation of the original into Portuguese by two native speakers of the target language; synthesis of the translated versions; back-translation by two native speakers of the original language; review and harmonization of the back-translation; a review of the Portuguese version of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium by an expert panel composed of specialists; pretesting including assessments of clarity, comprehensibility, and acceptability of the translated version using a sample of the target population; and finishing modifications to achieve the final version. RESULTS: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium followed international recommendations. The linguistic and semantic issues that emerged during the process were discussed by the expert panel, which unanimously agreed to slight modifications. During pretesting, the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium was administered to 30 eligible children, twice per day; the final version was easy to understand, could be completed quickly, and showed a high inter-rater correlation coefficient (0.955). CONCLUSIONS: The translation of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium into Brazilian Portuguese and its cross-cultural adaptation were successful and preserved the linguistic and semantic properties of the original instrument. The Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium proved to be easy to understand and could be completed quickly. Additional studies are needed to test the validity and psychometric properties of this version in Brazil.

OBJETIVO: Traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente a escala Cornell Assesment of Pediatric Delirium do inglês para a língua portuguesa do Brasil. MÉTODOS: O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural da escala Cornell Assesment of Pediatric Delirium seguiu as etapas recomendadas internacionalmente após autorização de uso pela autora principal. As etapas seguidas foram: tradução da versão original para língua portuguesa por dois tradutores bilíngues nativos do idioma alvo; síntese das versões; tradução reversa por dois tradutores nativos do idioma de origem; revisão e harmonização da retradução; revisão da versão em português da Cornell Assesment of Pediatric Delirium por um comitê de juízes formado por especialistas; pré-teste (avaliação de clareza, compreensibilidade e aceitabilidade da versão traduzida em uma amostra da população-alvo) e reconciliação para a elaboração da versão final. RESULTADOS: O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural da Cornell Assesment of Pediatric Delirium seguiu as recomendações internacionais. As questões linguísticas e semânticas que surgiram durante o processo foram discutidas no comitê de juízes, no qual se observou grande concordância com pequenas alterações. Na etapa de pré-teste, a Cornell Assesment of Pediatric Delirium foi aplicada em 30 crianças elegíveis, duas vezes ao dia, resultando em uma versão de fácil compreensão e rápida administração, com excelente coeficiente de correlação intraobservadores (0,955). CONCLUSÕES: A tradução e a adaptação transcultural da Cornell Assesment of Pediatric Delirium para a língua portuguesa falada no Brasil foram bem-sucedidas e mantiveram as propriedades linguísticas e semânticas do instrumento original. A Cornell Assesment of Pediatric Delirium mostrou ser de fácil compreensão e de rápida aplicação. Novos estudos são necessários para testar a validade e as propriedades psicométricas desta versão no Brasil.

NON-INVASIVE PREVENTIVE VENTILATION WITH TWO PRESSURE LEVELS IN THE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD OF ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS: RANDOMIZED TRIAL.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat, which causes damage to the health of individuals, such as breathing difficulties. AIM: To verify the results of non-invasive ventilation as a preventive strategy on the decline of respiratory function and postoperative complications in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. METHODS: This is a randomized trial, according to CONSORT standards, with obese adults aged 18-40 years. Randomized control group (n=25) only received guidelines regarding posture, early ambulation and cough stimuli, and in the NIV group (n=25), in addition to the aforementioned group, non-invasive ventilation was performed with two pressure levels, once day for 60 min, from the 1st to the 3rd postoperative day (POD). Both groups were evaluated in the preoperative period and in the 1st and 3rd POD for respiratory function, which were: slow vital capacity (VC), inspiratory capacity (IC), minute volume (MV), tidal volume maximal inspiratory muscle strength (Pimax) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). The length of hospital stay and the episodes of postoperative complications were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 50 patients the majority were young adults with degrees of obesity between III and IV. In the intergroup analysis, there was an improvement in the CVL and MV only in the 1st POD in the NIV group, CI in the three moments evaluated in the NIV group and the PFE in the 1st and 3rd PDO also in this group. The most frequent complications were pneumonia, followed by operative wound infection and atelectasis. There was a significant difference between groups, showing a higher occurrence in pneumonia and atelectasis in the control group. The days of hospitalization and intensive care unit were similar. CONCLUSION: It was observed a faster recovery until the 3rd POD in the IC and PEF variables in the NIV group; in addition, there were fewer complications in this group.

Tradução e adaptação transcultural da escala Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium para língua portuguesa / Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scale for the Portuguese language

RESUMO Objetivo: Traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente a escala Cornell Assesment of Pediatric Delirium do inglês para a língua portuguesa do Brasil. Métodos: O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural da escala Cornell Assesment of Pediatric Delirium seguiu as etapas recomendadas internacionalmente após autorização de uso pela autora principal. As etapas seguidas foram: tradução da versão original para língua portuguesa por dois tradutores bilíngues nativos do idioma alvo; síntese das versões; tradução reversa por dois tradutores nativos do idioma de origem; revisão e harmonização da retradução; revisão da versão em português da Cornell Assesment of Pediatric Delirium por um comitê de juízes formado por especialistas; pré-teste (avaliação de clareza, compreensibilidade e aceitabilidade da versão traduzida em uma amostra da população-alvo) e reconciliação para a elaboração da versão final. Resultados: O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural da Cornell Assesment of Pediatric Delirium seguiu as recomendações internacionais. As questões linguísticas e semânticas que surgiram durante o processo foram discutidas no comitê de juízes, no qual se observou grande concordância com pequenas alterações. Na etapa de pré-teste, a Cornell Assesment of Pediatric Delirium foi aplicada em 30 crianças elegíveis, duas vezes ao dia, resultando em uma versão de fácil compreensão e rápida administração, com excelente coeficiente de correlação intraobservadores (0,955). Conclusões: A tradução e a adaptação transcultural da Cornell Assesment of Pediatric Delirium para a língua portuguesa falada no Brasil foram bem-sucedidas e mantiveram as propriedades linguísticas e semânticas do instrumento original. A Cornell Assesment of Pediatric Delirium mostrou ser de fácil compreensão e de rápida aplicação. Novos estudos são necessários para testar a validade e as propriedades psicométricas desta versão no Brasil.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study sought to translate the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium from English into Brazilian Portuguese and cross-culturally adapt it for use in Brazil. Methods: Following the authorization granted by its main author, the processes of translation and cross-cultural adaptation were performed with regard to the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium in accordance with the following internationally recommended steps: translation of the original into Portuguese by two native speakers of the target language; synthesis of the translated versions; back-translation by two native speakers of the original language; review and harmonization of the back-translation; a review of the Portuguese version of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium by an expert panel composed of specialists; pretesting including assessments of clarity, comprehensibility, and acceptability of the translated version using a sample of the target population; and finishing modifications to achieve the final version. Results: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium followed international recommendations. The linguistic and semantic issues that emerged during the process were discussed by the expert panel, which unanimously agreed to slight modifications. During pretesting, the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium was administered to 30 eligible children, twice per day; the final version was easy to understand, could be completed quickly, and showed a high inter-rater correlation coefficient (0.955). Conclusions: The translation of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium into Brazilian Portuguese and its cross-cultural adaptation were successful and preserved the linguistic and semantic properties of the original instrument. The Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium proved to be easy to understand and could be completed quickly. Additional studies are needed to test the validity and psychometric properties of this version in Brazil.

Tolerância ao exercício, função pulmonar, força muscular respiratória e qualidade de vida em crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatia reumática / Exercise tolerance, pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, and quality of life in children and adolescents with rheumatic heart disease

RESUMO Objetivo: Apesar da alta prevalência de cardiopatia reumática no nosso país, a ocorrência de prejuízos funcionais em crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatia reumática não está esclarecida. Este estudo visou avaliar tolerância ao exercício, força muscular respiratória, função pulmonar e qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatia reumática. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado de agosto a dezembro de 2014, com portadores de cardiopatia reumática de 8 a 16 anos de idade. Os participantes, após preenchimento dos questionários socioeconômico, clínico e de qualidade de vida, foram submetidos a espirometria, manovacuometria e teste de caminhada de seis minutos. As variáveis e seus valores de referência foram comparados pelo teste t de Student pareado. Para comparar as diferenças entre as distâncias percorridas prevista e observada, considerando-se as categorizações dos participantes, foi utilizado o teste t de Student. Correlações entre essas diferenças e as variáveis quantitativas foram feitas pelo coeficiente de Pearson, sendo significante p<0,05. Resultados: Os 56 participantes obtiveram distância percorrida inferior à prevista (p<0,001). As diferenças entre as distâncias prevista e observada mostraram correlação positiva com a frequência cardíaca basal (r=0,3545; p=0,007). A força muscular expiratória também foi inferior à prevista (p<0,001). A qualidade de vida foi de 70; 77 e 67%, respectivamente, nos domínios geral, físico e psicossocial. Conclusões: Crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatia reumática apresentam tolerância reduzida ao exercício, a qual está relacionada com uma maior frequência cardíaca basal; eles também demonstram prejuízo na força expiratória e na qualidade de vida.

ABSTRACT Objective: Despite the high prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in Brazil, the occurrence of functional impairment in children and adolescents with rheumatic heart disease is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate exercise tolerance, respiratory muscle strength, lung function, and quality of life of children and adolescents with rheumatic heart disease. Methods: Cross-sectional study, conducted from August to December 2014 with children and adolescents with rheumatic heart disease aged 8 to 16 years. The participants, after completing the socioeconomic, clinical, and quality of life questionnaires were tested by spirometry, manovacuometry and in a 6-minute walk test. The variables and their reference values were compared using the paired Student's t-test. Comparisons between predicted and observed walking distance were done also by Student's t-test, consdiering the categorization of the participants. Correlations between these differences and quantitative variables were assessed by Pearson's coefficient, being significant p<0.05. Results: All 56 participants had a walked distance lower than predicted (p<0.001). The differences between predicted and observed distances were positively correlated with the baseline heart rate (r=0.3545; p=0.007). Expiratory muscle strength was also lower than the predicted values (p<0,001). Regarding quality of life assessment, the mean scores were 70, 77 and 67% for general, physical, and psychosocial aspects, respectively. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with rheumatic heart disease have reduced exercise tolerance, which is related to their higher baseline heart rate; they also show impaired expiratory strength and quality of life.