Knowledge, practices and barriers to access sexual health of women in the menopausal stages: a cross-sectional study with Brazilian gynecologists.

BACKGROUND: Sexual health access and care for women in the menopausal stages face significant barriers, presenting deficits in relation to diagnosis and treatment. Although epidemiological data indicate high prevalence of problems related to sexual health in this population, traditionally, the theme is not discussed in health care settings. This study aimed to analyze knowledge, practices and barriers to access sexual health of women in the menopausal stages in the context of women's health care in Brazil. METHODS: With a cross-sectional design, a questionnaire was distributed electronically, encompassing variables related to knowledge; practices; and barriers to access sexual health of women in the menopausal stages. The data obtained were subjected to analysis using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Specifically, we employed multivariate analysis, employing multiple linear regression models, to discern potential factors associated with outcomes concerning the level of knowledge and the frequency of addressing the topic in professional practice. RESULTS: The sample included 70 physicians with specialization in obstetrician/gynecologists who work in health care with women in the menopausal transition or postmenopausal women. A high level of self-reported knowledge about sexual health was identified. Regarding the practices, most of them reported directly proposing the subject and not using instruments. Although they reported frequently addressing the topic in general, topics related to vaginal lubrication, dyspareunia, and sexual dysfunction have been more present in the clinic compared to sexual orientation and women's relationship with themselves. The main barriers were time limitation and patient discomfort with the topic. The multivariate models indicated that female gynecologists and professionals with higher levels of knowledge on the subject had a higher frequency of addressing sexual health in clinical practice with women in menopausal stages. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual health access and care for brazilian women in the menopausal stages presents discrepancies in the frequency of approach between the various topics, in addition to the predictive character of technical knowledge in the practices of professionals. To ensure universal access to sexual health services for this population, an active approach through specific instruments is important, as well as the reinforcement of strategies to improve the level of knowledge of professionals.

A relação entre o comprometimento motor e os sintomas depressivos na doença de Parkinson / The relationship between motor impairment and depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease

Trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo que incluiu 27 pessoas com doença de Parkinson (DP), diagnosticados por neurologista. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o tipo de correlação entre o grau de comprometimento motor e grau de depressão em pessoas com DP, tendo como hipótese que quanto maior o grau de comprometimento motor proporcionado pela doença, maior o grau de depressão. Foram utilizados os instrumentos Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI II) para a medida de sintomas depressivos e do grau de depressão, e a escala Hoehn & Yahr foi aplicada para identificação do grau de comprometimento motor. Foram excluídos indivíduos que não preencheram um dos instrumentos do estudo, selecionando apenas as pessoas com DP que preencheram ambos os instrumentos. Verificou-se uma correlação positiva e significativa entre os resultados do BDI -II e a escala Hoehn & Yahr modificada (r = 0,41, p = 0,035). O estudo identificou, portanto, uma associação crescente e positiva entre o grau de comprometimento motor das pessoas com DP e a presença de sintomas de depressão. Com isso, foi possível concluir que, uma pessoa com DP e maior grau de comprometimento motor, tende a apresentar maior número de sintomas depressivos e, consequentemente maior grau de depressão e vice-versa. Portanto, deve-se dedicar maior atenção à saúde mental dos casos em que a doença se expressa com maior comprometimento motor.

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that included 27 people with Parkinson's disease (PD), diagnosed by a neurologist. The objective of the study was to analyze the type of correlation between the degree of physical impairment and degree of depression in people with PD, having as hypothesis that the greater the degree of physical impairment provided by the disease, the greater the degree of depression. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II) was used to measure depressive symptoms and the degree of depression, and the modified Hoehn & Yahr scale was applied to identify the degree of physical impairment. Individuals who did not complete one of the study instruments were excluded, selecting only those people with PD who completed both instruments. A positive and significant correlation can be verified between the results of the BDI -II and the Hoehn & Yahr scale (r = 0.41, p = 0.035). The study identified, therefore, an increasing and positive association between the degree of motor impairment of people with PD and the presence of symptoms of depression. With this, it was possible to conclude that, a person with PD and a higher degree of motor impairment, tends to present a higher number of depressive symptoms and, consequently, a higher level of depression and vice versa. Thus, the more physically compromised the person with PD is, the greater the association with a more severe depression. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to mental health in cases in which the disease is expressed with greater physical impairment.

The development process of a measure of democratic culture in organizations / Processo de desenvolvimento de uma medida de cultura democrática nas organizações / El proceso de desarrollo de una medida de cultura democrática en las organizaciones

BACKGROUND: The development of a psychometric measure for assessing democratic culture in organizations is described. METHODS: Two studies were conducted. A literature review of studies reporting democratic culture instruments was undertaken. Six databases were used within the timeframe of between 2015 and 2020. Four specialists rated the derived items on clarity, relevance, and translation via the content validity coefficient (CVC). An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed with 225 individuals and the internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: A set of 2,049 articles were obtained in the literature review. The content validity coefficient allowed us to gather 96 items. The EFA achieved a final multidimensional solution formed of 58 items in 6 correlated factors: Citizen Participation, Tolerance and Openness, Organizational Citizenship, Traditionalist Dogmatism, Individualism and Rebellion, and Punitive Authoritarianism. Cronbach's alpha ranged from .59 to .78. CONCLUSION: This article presented several procedures used to develop a new measure of democratic culture in organizations.

Este trabalho visa o desenvolvimento de uma medida psicométrica para avaliação da cultura democrática em organizações. MÉTODOS: Dois estudos foram realizados. No primeiro, uma revisão de literatura com estudos que usaram instrumentos de cultura democrática foi realizada. Seis bases de dados foram usadas entre 2015 e 2020. Quatro especialistas avaliaram os itens derivados quanto à clareza, relevância e tradução por meio do Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo (CVC). Uma Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) foi realizada com 225 indivíduos e a consistência interna foi avaliada pelo alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: 2.049 artigos foram obtidos na revisão. O CVC nos permitiu reunir 96 itens. A EFA alcançou uma solução multidimensional formada por 58 itens em seis fatores correlacionados de Participação Cidadã, Tolerância e Abertura, Cidadania Organizacional, Dogmatismo Tradicionalista, Individualismo e Rebelião, Autoritarismo Punitivo. O alfa de Cronbach variou de 0,59 a 0,78. CONCLUSÃO: Este artigo apresentou procedimentos usados para desenvolver uma nova medida de cultura democrática.

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el desarrollo de una medida psicométrica para la evaluación de la cultura democrática en organizaciones. MÉTODOS: Se realizaron dos estudios: una revisión de la literatura de estudios que informan sobre instrumentos de cultura democrática, en seis bases de datos, en el período de 2015 a 2020, en la cual cuatro especialistas calificaron los elementos derivados según su claridad, relevancia y traducción con base en el coeficiente de validez del contenido (CVC); y un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) con 225 individuos en que se evaluó la consistencia interna utilizando el Alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo un conjunto de 2 049 artículos en la revisión de la literatura; el CVC permitió reunir 96 elementos; la EFA logró una solución multidimensional conformada por 58 ítems en 6 factores correlacionados de Participación Ciudadana, Tolerancia y Apertura, Ciudadanía Organizacional, Dogmatismo Tradicionalista, Individualismo y Rebelión y Autoritarismo Punitivo; y el Alfa de Cronbach osciló entre 0,59 y 0,78. CONCLUSIÓN: Este artículo presentó procedimientos utilizados para desarrollar una nueva medida de cultura democrática.