Drug associations as alternative and complementary therapy for neglected tropical diseases.

The present paper aims to establish different treatments for neglected tropical disease by a survey on drug conjugations and possible fixed-dose combinations (FDC) used to obtain alternative, safer and more effective treatments. The source databases used were Science Direct and PubMed/Medline, in the intervals between 2015 and 2021 with the drugs key-words or diseases, like "schistosomiasis", "praziquantel", "malaria", "artesunate", "Chagas' disease", "benznidazole", "filariasis", diethylcarbamazine", "ivermectin", " albendazole". 118 works were the object of intense analysis, other articles and documents were used to increase the quality of the studies, such as consensuses for harmonizing therapeutics and historical articles. As a result, an effective NTD control can be achieved when different public health approaches are combined with interventions guided by the epidemiology of each location and the availability of appropriate measures to detect, prevent and control disease. It was also possible to verify that the FDCs promote a simplification of the therapeutic regimen, which promotes better patient compliance and enables a reduction in the development of parasitic resistance, requiring further studies aimed at resistant strains, since the combined APIs usually act by different mechanisms or at different target sites. In addition to eliminating the process of developing a new drug based on the identification and validation of active compounds, which is a complex, long process and requires a strong long-term investment, other advantages that FDCs have are related to productive gain and gain from the industrial plant, which can favor and encourage the R&D of new FDCs not only for NTDs but also for other diseases that require the use of more than one drug.

Análise do Acesso à Informação Acadêmica entre Estudantes de Medicina Inseridos numa Metodologia Ativa de Aprendizagem / Analysis of Access to Academic Information among Medical Students under an Active Learning Methodology

RESUMO O acesso à informação acadêmica vem se tornando um dos pilares para o protagonismo do estudante no processo de aprendizagem, sendo estratégico analisar o comportamento e manejo frente aos recursos informacionais disponíveis, pertinentes na formação e na excelência de futuros profissionais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o comportamento relatado por estudantes de Medicina de uma instituição de ensino superior com metodologia ativa de aprendizagem referente ao acesso a informações acadêmicas, bem como opiniões sobre a construção de conhecimento acadêmico durante a graduação. Realizou-se um estudo observacional transversal e analítico com 274 estudantes do curso de Medicina da Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde, em Recife (PE). Foi elaborado e validado um questionário específico para a coleta dos dados, analisados descritivamente por meio de frequências absolutas e percentuais para as variáveis categóricas e das medidas. Para avaliar associação entre duas variáveis categóricas foi utilizado o Teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson e o Teste Exato de Fisher. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética e respeitou as exigências éticas. Entre os pesquisados, 52,8% utilizavam meios eletrônicos de estudo isoladamente, enquanto 37,7% deles assinalaram que manuseavam conjuntamente meios eletrônicos e impressos, e 9,4% citaram apenas meios impressos. Em relação às formas de estudo com que o aluno mais se identifica, as assertivas assinaladas por um grupo majoritário dos discentes foram "livros online (PDF, Word, Epub, etc.)" e "livros em papel" (81,9% e 68,3%, respectivamente). Sobre o questionamento acerca da utilização de bases de dados eletrônicas na rotina acadêmica de estudos, a maioria (67,9%) dos alunos respondeu positivamente ao enunciado. Entre as bases de dados mais citadas, encontram-se SciELO (86,7%) e PubMed (70,6%). Ao se avaliar o acesso à informação científica entre estudantes de Medicina, foi visto que, embora a maioria dos alunos utilize bases de dados eletrônicas em sua rotina acadêmica, mais da metade não havia recebido treinamento relacionado às técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica: a maioria havia aprendido com a prática. Os estudantes pesquisados, em quase sua totalidade, concordam sobre a importância da prática baseada em evidências na rotina acadêmica, sendo relatado por mais da metade dos alunos que, ao deixarem de buscar informações online, se sentem menos atualizados.

ABSTRACT Access to academic information has become one of the pillars for the student's role in the learning process, and it is strategic to analyze the behavior and management of available information resources pertinent to the training and excellence of future professionals. The objective of this research was to analyze the behavior reported by medical students of a higher education institution with active learning methodology regarding access to academic information, as well as opinions about the construction of academic knowledge during undergraduate training. A cross-sectional and analytical observational study was conducted with 274 students from the Pernambuco Health College Medical School in Recife, Pernambuco. A specific questionnaire was prepared and validated for the data collection, and subsequently analyzed descriptively using absolute and percentage frequencies for categorical variables and measurements. To evaluate the association between two categorical variables, Pearson's Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used. The research project was approved by the ethics committee and respected all ethical requirements. Among those surveyed, 52.8% used electronic media alone, while 37.7% indicated that they handled both electronic and print media and 9.4% cited print media alone. In relation to the forms of study with which the student most identifies, the options confirmed by the majority were "online books (PDF, Word, Epub, etc.)" and "paper books" (81.9% and 68,3%, respectively). Regarding questions about the use of electronic databases in their study routine, the majority (67.9%) responded positively to the statement; the most commonly cited databases included SciELO (86.7%), and PubMed (70.6%). When evaluating access to scientific information among medical students, it was seen that, although most students used electronic databases in their academic routine, more than half had not received training related to bibliographic research techniques; most had learned with practice. Almost all the students surveyed agree on the importance of evidence-based practice in academic routine, which is reported by more than half of the students who, when they do not seek information online, feel less up-to-date.

Síntese e caracterização de nanopartículas de ouro conjugadas com curcumina e seus efeitos na osteoartrite experimental induzida / Synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles combined with curcumin and its effects on experimentally induced osteoarthritis

RESUMO: A Osteoartrite (OA) é uma denominação clínica para uma combinação de condições patológicas que envolvem a degeneração progressiva da cartilagem articular e remodelação de osso subcondral. A curcumina, um potente agente anti-inflamatório, têm sido extensivamente estudada, no entanto não oferece boa biodisponibilidade sistêmica. Nanopartículas de ouro (AuNPs) apresentam aplicações potenciais na administração de substâncias terapêuticas aumentando a eficiência do transporte de fármacos. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a síntese e caracterização de um sistema conjugando as AuNPs à curcumina e avaliar seu potencial terapêutico em um modelo experimental de OA em camundongos por desestabilização do menisco medial (DMM). As AuNPs foram conjugadas com curcumina e os sistemas foram caracterizados por espectroscopia no UV-VIS, espalhamento de luz dinâmico (DLS) e determinação do potencial zeta. Formou-se 4 grupos de oito animais cada, denominados A, B, C, D que receberam injeção intra-articular de AuNPs, curcumina, AuNP-curcumina e solução fisiológica, respectivamente. Após 7 semanas, a cartilagem da articulação-femoro- tibio-patelar (AFTP) foi avaliada em uma variação de escore de 0 a 24. A conjugação de AuNP-curcumina mostrou boa estabilidade e aplicação terapêutica, mas não diferiu significativamente (P>0,05) dos grupos A e B, no entanto, mostrou menor valor de escore e significância (P<0,001) em relação ao grupo controle. Os resultados deste trabalho mostram a importância do desenvolvimento de novos nanofármacos. Neste caso a conjugação de AuNPs com a curcumina permitiu a obtenção de um nanofármaco com sugestivo potencial para aplicação no tratamento da OA.

ABSTRACT: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the clinical term for a combination of pathological conditions that involve the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone remodelling. Curcumin, a potent anti-inflammatory agent, has been extensively studied; however, it does not provide good systemic bioavailability. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have potential applications in the administration of therapeutic substances in order to increase the transport efficiency of drugs. The objectives of this study were to explore the synthesis and characterization of a system combining AuNPs with curcumin and evaluate its therapeutic potential in an experimental model of OA in mice by the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). The AuNPs were conjugated with curcumin and the systems were characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential. Four groups of eight animals each were formed and labelled A, B, C, and D, which received intra-articular injections of AuNPs, curcumin, AuNP-curcumin, and physiologic solution, respectively. After seven weeks, the cartilage of the stifle joint (SJ) was rated on a scale ranging from 0 to 24. Combination of AuNP-curcumin demonstrated good stability and therapeutic applications, but it did not differ significantly (P>0.05) from groups A and B. However, the control group had a significantly lower score (P<0.001). Results of this study demonstrated the importance of developing new nanodrugs. In this case, the combination of AuNPs and curcumin yielded the nanodrug effects suggestive of a potential for application in the treatment of OA.

Effectiveness of Chitosan Films Impregnated With Ciprofloxacin for the Prophylaxis of Osteomyelitis in Open Fractures: An Experimental Study in Rats.

BACKGROUND: The systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis is the standard treatment in the prevention of osteomyelitis after open fractures, with topical application of antimicrobials as an alternative due to their high concentrations at the site of the fracture, low systemic concentrations and fewer side effects. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylaxis of osteomyelitis through experimental model of open fractures with the use of chitosan films, whether or not impregnated with ciprofloxacin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, 24 Holtzman rats were distributed into 4 groups of 6 rats each. The CT (control of treatment) group: an open fracture model treated with systemic antimicrobial; the IC (infection control) group: an open fracture untreated model; the C (chitosan) group: an open fracture model treated using a chitosan film; and the CA (chitosan with antimicrobial) group: an open fracture model treated using a chitosan film impregnated with antimicrobial. After 3 weeks the animals were killed by an overdose of anesthetic, and a fragment osseous was removed for histological and microbiological analysis. The comparisons between the groups considered significant values of P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: In cultures of the CT group, there was less bacterial growth compared to the results of the cultures of the IC (P = 0.005), C (P = 0.005) and CA (P = 0.009) groups. The inflammation was lower in the CT group compared to the IC (P = 0.014), C (P = 0.001) and CA (P = 0.007) groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this experimental model of open fracture, the chitosan film pure or impregnated with ciprofloxacin was not effective in the prophylaxis of osteomyelitis.

Endoscopic Treatment of Gastric Outlet Obstruction Secondary to Accidental Acid Ingestion in a Child.

Accidental corrosive ingestion is not rare in pediatric patients in developing countries. We report a case of gastric outlet obstruction after the accidental ingestion of an acidic substance by a child who was successfully treated with endoscopic balloon dilatation.

Analysis of immunostaining and western blotting of endothelin 1 and its receptors in mitral stenosis.

INTRODUCTION: Rheumatic Fever represents a serious public health problem in developing countries, with thousands of new cases each year. It is an autoimmune disease, which occurs in response to infection by streptococcus A. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunolabeling and protein expression for endothelin-1 and 3 (ET-1, ET-3) and its receptors (ETA, ETB) in rheumatic mitral valves. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to identify ET-1/ET-3 and ETA/ETB receptors in rheumatic and control mitral valves. Quantitative analysis of immunostaining for ET-1/ET-3 and ETA/ETB receptors was performed. In addition, western blot analysis was carried out to assess protein levels in tissue samples. RESULTS: ET-1 and ETA receptor immunostaining predominated in stenotic valves, mainly associated with fibrotic regions, inflammatory areas and neovascularization. Quantitative analysis showed that the average area with positive expression of ET-1 was 18.21 ± 14.96%. For ETA and ETB, the mean expressed areas were respectively 15.06 ± 13.13% and 9.20 ± 11.09%. ET-3 did not have a significant expression. The correlation between the expression of both endothelin receptors were strongly positive (R = 0.74, P = 0.02), but the correlation between ET-1 and its receptor were negative for both ETA (R = -0.37, P = 0.25), and ETB (R = -0.14, P = 0.39). This data was supported by western blot analysis. CONCLUSION: The strong correlation between ET-1 and its receptors suggests that both play a role in the pathophysiology of rheumatic mitral valve stenosis and may potentially act as biomarkers of this disease.

Analysis of immunostaining and western blotting of endothelin 1 and its receptors in mitral stenosis / Análise da expressão imunohistoquímica e de western blotting da endotelina 1 e seus receptores na estenose mitral

Abstract Introduction: Rheumatic Fever represents a serious public health problem in developing countries, with thousands of new cases each year. It is an autoimmune disease, which occurs in response to infection by streptococcus A. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunolabeling and protein expression for endothelin-1 and 3 (ET-1, ET-3) and its receptors (ETA, ETB) in rheumatic mitral valves. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to identify ET-1/ET-3 and ETA/ETB receptors in rheumatic and control mitral valves. Quantitative analysis of immunostaining for ET-1/ET-3 and ETA/ETB receptors was performed. In addition, western blot analysis was carried out to assess protein levels in tissue samples. Results: ET-1 and ETA receptor immunostaining predominated in stenotic valves, mainly associated with fibrotic regions, inflammatory areas and neovascularization. Quantitative analysis showed that the average area with positive expression of ET-1 was 18.21±14.96%. For ETA and ETB, the mean expressed areas were respectively 15.06±13.13% and 9.20±11.09%. ET-3 did not have a significant expression. The correlation between the expression of both endothelin receptors were strongly positive (R=0.74, P=0.02), but the correlation between ET-1 and its receptor were negative for both ETA (R=-0.37, P=0.25), and ETB (R=-0.14, P=0.39). This data was supported by western blot analysis. Conclusion: The strong correlation between ET-1 and its receptors suggests that both play a role in the pathophysiology of rheumatic mitral valve stenosis and may potentially act as biomarkers of this disease. .

Resumo Introdução: A febre reumática representa um sério problema de saúde pública em países em desenvolvimento, com milhares de novos casos a cada ano. Ela é uma doença autoimune que ocorre em resposta à infecção por estreptococos do grupo A. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a expressão proteica e imunohistoquímica para a endotelina-1 e 3 (ET-1 e ET-3) e seus receptores (ETA e ETB) em valvas mitrais reumáticas. Métodos: Imunohistoquímica foi utilizada para identificar receptores de ET1/ET3 e ETA/ETB em valvas mitrais reumáticas e controles. A análise quantitativa da expressão imunohistoquímica para receptores de ET1/ET3 e ETA/ETB foi também efetuada. Adicionalmente, foi feita análise do western blot para mensurar níveis de proteínas em extratos tissulares. Resultados: A expressão imunohistoquímica de ET-1 e de seu receptor predominou em valvas estenóticas, estando associada com regiões fibróticas, áreas inflamatórias e neovascularização. A análise quantitativa mostrou que a área média com expressão positiva para ET-1 foi de 18,21±14,96%. Para o ETA e o ETB, as áreas médias expressas foram, respectivamente, 15,06±13,13% e 9,20±11,09%. ET-3 não teve uma expressão significante. A correlação entre a expressão dos dois receptores de endotelina foi fortemente positiva (R=0,74, P=0,02); mas a correlação entre ET-1 e o seu receptor foi negativa tanto para ETA (R=-0,37, P=0,25) como para ETB (R=-0,14, P=0,39). Estes dados foram confirmados pela análise do western blot. Conclusão: A forte correlação entre ET-1 e seus receptores sugere que ambos têm papel importante na fisiopatologia da estenose mitral reumática, podendo potencialmente atuar como biomarcadores desta doença. .

Attracted to the enemy: Aedes aegypti prefers oviposition sites with predator-killed conspecifics.

Oviposition habitat choices of species with aquatic larvae are expected to be influenced by both offspring risk of mortality due to predation, and offspring growth potential. Aquatic predators may indirectly influence growth potential for prey by reducing prey density and, for filter-feeding prey, by increasing bacterial food for prey via added organic matter (feces, partially eaten victims), creating the potential for interactive effects on oviposition choices. We tested the hypothesis that the mosquito Aedes aegypti preferentially oviposits in habitats with predatory Toxorhynchites larvae because of indirect effects of predation on chemical cues indicating bacterial abundance. We predicted that A. aegypti would avoid oviposition in sites with Toxorhynchites, but prefer to oviposit where bacterial food for larvae is abundant, and that predation by Toxorhynchites would increase bacterial abundances. Gravid A. aegypti were offered paired oviposition sites representing choices among: predator presence; the act of predation; conspecific density; dead conspecific larvae; and bacterial activity. A. aegypti preferentially oviposited in sites with Toxorhynchites theobaldi predation, and with killed conspecific larvae, but failed to detect preferences for other treatments. The antibiotic tetracycline eliminated the strongest oviposition preference. Both predation by Toxorhynchites and killed larvae increased bacterial abundances, suggesting that oviposition attraction is cued by bacteria. Our results show the potential for indirect effects, like trophic cascades, to influence oviposition choices and community composition in aquatic systems. Our results suggest that predators like Toxorhynchites may be doubly beneficial as biocontrol agents because of the attraction of ovipositing mosquitoes to bacterial by-products of Toxorhynchites feeding.

Field optimisation of MosquiTRAP sampling for monitoring Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae)

A sticky trap designed to capture gravid Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti mosquitoes, MosquiTRAP, has been evaluated for monitoring this species in Brazil. However, the effects of trap densities on the capture rate of Ae. aegypti females and the sensitivity of vector detection are still unknown. After a preliminary study has identified areas of high and low female mosquito abundance, a set of experiments was conducted in four neighbourhoods of Belo Horizonte (state of Minas Gerais, Brazil) using densities of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 traps per block. Trap sensitivity (positive MosquiTRAP index) increased significantly when 1-8 MosquiTRAPs were installed per block in both high and low abundance areas. A strong fit was obtained for the total number of mosquitoes captured with increasing trap densities through a non-linear function (Box-Lucas) (r² = 0,994), which likely exhibits saturation towards an equilibrium level. The capacity of the Mean Female Aedes Index to distinguish between areas of high and low Ae. aegypti abundance was also investigated; the achieved differentiation was shown to be dependent on the MosquiTRAP density.

Field optimisation of MosquiTRAP sampling for monitoring Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae).

A sticky trap designed to capture gravid Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti mosquitoes, MosquiTRAP, has been evaluated for monitoring this species in Brazil. However, the effects of trap densities on the capture rate of Ae. aegypti females and the sensitivity of vector detection are still unknown. After a preliminary study has identified areas of high and low female mosquito abundance, a set of experiments was conducted in four neighbourhoods of Belo Horizonte (state of Minas Gerais, Brazil) using densities of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 traps per block. Trap sensitivity (positive MosquiTRAP index) increased significantly when 1-8 MosquiTRAPs were installed per block in both high and low abundance areas. A strong fit was obtained for the total number of mosquitoes captured with increasing trap densities through a non-linear function (Box-Lucas) (r² = 0,994), which likely exhibits saturation towards an equilibrium level. The capacity of the Mean Female Aedes Index to distinguish between areas of high and low Ae. aegypti abundance was also investigated; the achieved differentiation was shown to be dependent on the MosquiTRAP density.

Are light traps baited with kairomones effective in the capture of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia intermedia? An evaluation of synthetic human odor as an attractant for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae).

Phlebotomine sand flies are often captured with human bait and/or light traps, either with or without an animal bait. More recently, synthetic attractants have been used as bait in traps to improve the capture of phlebotomine sand flies as well as other insects of medical and veterinary importance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the kairomone 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) and the synthetic human odor BG-Mesh Lure (BGML--lactic acid, caproic acid and ammonia) baited in modified CDC light traps on the capture of phlebotomine sand flies. The experiments followed the 5x5 Latin square design. Among the species caught, Lutzomyia intermedia apparently presented a dose-dependent response to octenol. The response obtained with the BGML, alone or in combination with octenol (5 mg/h), indicated some degree of attractiveness of these baits to different phlebotomine sand fly species. Octenol seems to be more attractive to L. intermedia than to Lutzomyia longipalpis, while the BGML presented a higher success in capturing L. longipalpis. When the components of the BGML were used separately, there was no increase in catching the female of L. intermedia. Apparently, there was no synergistic effect between the octenol and the BGML. In conclusion, the octenol and the BGML were demonstrated to be possible baits to attract some phlebotomine sand fly species.

Are light traps baited with kairomones effective in the capture of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia intermedia? An evaluation of synthetic human odor as an attractant for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

Phlebotomine sand flies are often captured with human bait and/or light traps, either with or without an animal bait. More recently, synthetic attractants have been used as bait in traps to improve the capture of phlebotomine sand flies as well as other insects of medical and veterinary importance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the kairomone 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) and the synthetic human odor BG-Mesh LureTM (BGML - lactic acid, caproic acid and ammonia) baited in modified CDC light traps on the capture of phlebotomine sand flies. The experiments followed the 5x5 Latin square design. Among the species caught, Lutzomyia intermedia apparently presented a dose-dependent response to octenol. The response obtained with the BGML, alone or in combination with octenol (5 mg/h), indicated some degree of attractiveness of these baits to different phlebotomine sand fly species. Octenol seems to be more attractive to L. intermedia than to Lutzomyia longipalpis, while the BGML presented a higher success in capturing L. longipalpis. When the components of the BGML were used separately, there was no increase in catching the female of L. intermedia. Apparently, there was no synergistic effect between the octenol and the BGML. In conclusion, the octenol and the BGML were demonstrated to be possible baits to attract some phlebotomine sand fly species.

Quatro novos registros da fauna flebotomínica do gênero Lutzomyia França (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) do distrito rural de Brejo do Mutambal, Varzelândia, MG / Four new records of the phlebotominic fauna of the Genus Lutzomyia França (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) of the rural district of Brejo do Mutambal, Varzelândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Durante os meses de abril e maio de 2006 foram realizados experimentos em Brejo do Mutambal, município de Varzelândia, MG para avaliar a atratividade de flebotomíneos a cairomônios iscados em armadilhas luminosas do tipo CDC. Das 19 espécies do gênero Lutzomyia já registradas para a região, L. lutziana (Costa Lima), L. longipennis (Barreto), L. goiana (Martins, Falcão & Silva) e L. brasiliensis (Costa Lima) foram registradas pela primeira vez, aumentando a diversidade da fauna de flebotomíneos do município para 23 espécies. As espécies relatadas como primeiros registros e sua distribuição são citadas e discutidas.

During April and May 2006, experiments were carried out in Brejo do Mutambal, Varzelândia Town, Minas Gerais State, to evaluate the attractiveness of phlebotomine sandflies to CDC light traps, baited with kairomones. Of the 19 species of Lutzomyia already registered for the region, L. lutziana (Costa Lima), L. longipennis (Barreto), L. goiana (Martins, Falcão & Silva) and L. brasiliensis (Costa Lima) were recorded for the first time, thus increasing the diversity of phlebotomine sandflies fauna in this area to 23 species. The new registered species and distribution are shown and discussed herein.

[Evaluation of the HP trap baited with different release rates of octenol for capturing anophelines (Diptera: Culicidae) in Brejo do Mutambal, municipality of Varzelândia, State of Minas Gerais]. / Avaliação da armadilha HP iscada com diferentes taxas de liberação de octenol na captura de anofelinos (Diptera: Culicidae) em Brejo do Mutambal, Município de Varzelândia, Estado de Minas Gerais.

To evaluate the role of octenol in collecting anophelines, HP traps baited with different rates of evaporation. A total of 285 anophelines was captured and there was no significant difference in the numbers of anophelines captured between the control traps and the traps baited with octenol and no difference between the release rates.

Avaliação da armadilha HP iscada com diferentes taxas de liberação de octenol na captura de anofelinos (Diptera: Culicidae) em Brejo do Mutambal, Município de Varzelândia, Estado de Minas Gerais / Evaluation of the HP trap baited with different release rates of octenol for capturing anophelines (Diptera: Culicidae) in Brejo do Mutambal, municipality of Varzelândia, State of Minas Gerais

Para avaliar o papel do octenol na coleta de anofelinos foram utilizadas armadilhas HP iscadas com diferentes taxas de evaporação. Foram capturados 285 anofelinos e não houve diferença entre o número de anofelinos coletados com as armadilhas controle e as iscadas com octenol e nem entre as taxas de evaporação.

To evaluate the role of octenol in collecting anophelines, HP traps baited with different rates of evaporation. A total of 285 anophelines was captured and there was no significant difference in the numbers of anophelines captured between the control traps and the traps baited with octenol and no difference between the release rates.

[Four new records of the phlebotominic fauna of the Genus Lutzomyia França (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) of the rural district of Brejo do Mutambal, Varzelândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil]. / Quatro novos registros da fauna flebotomínica do gênero Lutzomyia França (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) do distrito rural de Brejo do Mutambal, Varzelândia, MG.

During April and May 2006, experiments were carried out in Brejo do Mutambal, Varzelândia Town, Minas Gerais State, to evaluate the attractiveness of phlebotomine sandflies to CDC light traps, baited with kairomones. Of the 19 species of Lutzomyia already registered for the region, L. lutziana (Costa Lima), L. longipennis (Barreto), L. goiana (Martins, Falcão & Silva) and L. brasiliensis (Costa Lima) were recorded for the first time, thus increasing the diversity of phlebotomine sandflies fauna in this area to 23 species. The new registered species and distribution are shown and discussed herein.