Temporomandibular joint dysfunction in relation to tinnitus in Peruvian patients: A cross-sectional study.

Background: To determine the relationship between temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) and tinnitus in Peruvian adult patients. Material and Methods: This observational and cross-sectional study was conducted between April and May 2023, including 76 adult patients from the Otorhinolaryngology Service of Víctor Lazarte Echegaray Essalud Hospital in Trujillo (Peru). The intra- and inter-rater reliability was determined for the clinical measurement of TMJD, obtaining Kappa values above 0.995. To diagnose tinnitus, we worked with a doctor specializing in otolaryngology. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze results, considering a significance level of p<0.05. Results: A relationship was found between TMJD and tinnitus (p=0.022), increasing the frequency of this disorder as temporomandibular involvement was higher (p=0.043). There was no relation between these disorders according to gender and age, nor in hypertensive patients (p=0.131) or patients suffering from migraine (p=0.147); however, a relationship was found between TMJD and tinnitus in patients with hearing loss (p=0.046). Conclusions: TMJD is associated with tinnitus in otorhinolaryngological and hypoacusis patients. However, in hypertensive and migraine patients, and according to gender and age, no relation was found between those disorders. Key words:Tinnitus, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural, Audiometry, Migraine, Hypertension, Headache.

Periodontal index and salivary Ph in first trimester´s pregnant women: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Recent reviews have suggested a possible association between periodontal disease and increasing risks during pregnancy, such as newborn low weight, premature birth, gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. Besides, being saliva a valuable source of information on general and buccal health, it is necessary to know its parameters associated with periodontal diseases; in order to help odontologists to better understand this disease, and provide a sound clinical treatment. Therefore, this research sought to assess the correlation between periodontal index, and salivary pH on first trimester pregnant women. Material and Methods: 71 pregnant women were evaluated by observational, transversal and correlational study, using the community periodontal index and salivary pH-meter. The Spearman coefficient was employed, considering a p value of 0.05. Results: A correlation was found between periodontal index and salivary pH in first trimester pregnant women (p=0.039). According to age, correlations were found to be very weak in age group 18 to 24 years (p=0.605), and age group 25 to 35 years (p=0.071). Similarly, no strong correlation was found when pairing based on number of pregnancies (primiparous p=0.239 and multi pregnancy p=0.114). Also, 36.6% of pregnant women showed periodontal pockets smaller than 5 mm. Conclusions: With lower salivary pH, the periodontal index in pregnant women gets lower; however, no correlation could be found between age group and number of pregnancies. Key words:Periodontal index, periodontal pocket, periodontal diseases, saliva, pregnancy, pregnant women.

Titania/graphene nanocomposites from scalable gas-phase synthesis for high-capacity and high-stability sodium-ion battery anodes.

In sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), TiO2or sodium titanates are discussed as cost-effective anode material. The use of ultrafine TiO2particles overcomes the effect of intrinsically low electronic and ionic conductivity that otherwise limits the electrochemical performance and thus its Na-ion storage capacity. Especially, TiO2nanoparticles integrated in a highly conductive, large surface-area, and stable graphene matrix can achieve an exceptional electrochemical rate performance, durability, and increase in capacity. We report the direct and scalable gas-phase synthesis of TiO2and graphene and their subsequent self-assembly to produce TiO2/graphene nanocomposites (TiO2/Gr). Transmission electron microscopy shows that the TiO2nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the surface of the graphene nanosheets. TiO2/Gr nanocomposites with graphene loadings of 20 and 30 wt% were tested as anode in SIBs. With the outstanding electronic conductivity enhancement and a synergistic Na-ion storage effect at the interface of TiO2nanoparticles and graphene, nanocomposites with 30 wt% graphene exhibited particularly good electrochemical performance with a reversible capacity of 281 mAh g-1at 0.1 C, compared to pristine TiO2nanoparticles (155 mAh g-1). Moreover, the composite showed excellent high-rate performance of 158 mAh g-1at 20 C and a reversible capacity of 154 mAh g-1after 500 cycles at 10 C. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the Na-ion storage is dominated by surface and TiO2/Gr interface processes rather than slow, diffusion-controlled intercalation, explaining its outstanding rate performance. The synthesis route of these high-performing nanocomposites provides a highly promising strategy for the scalable production of advanced nanomaterials for SIBs.

Burnout syndrome in peruvian dental students: a prevalence study

Aim: Burnout syndrome describes the state of long-term physical, emotional and mental exhaustion related to work. This syndrome can cause health problems related to stress, insomnia, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases, including an increase in alcohol consumption and drug use. It is important to recognize the presence of the initial signs of this syndrome, therefore this study aimed to determine the prevalence of the burnout syndrome in peruvian dental students. Methods: The study was observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive. It was carried out from September to November 2018, and it included a total of 154 dental students of four universities of La Libertad region, surveyed by census method. Three were private universities and one was public. Burnout was evaluated through the Maslach Burnout Student Survey Questionnaire (MBI-SS). The results were presented in absolute and percentage frequencies, as well as confidence intervals, using double-entry tables. Results: It was found that 24.68% of the students (24.71% in male students and 24.64% in female students) presented burnout syndrome. The public university of Trujillo presented the highest percentage of affected students (47.37%). A prevalence of 53,90% of emotional exhaustion was also found among the students under evaluation. Conclusions: Almost a quarter of the students surveyed presented burnout. It was also observed that the public University of Trujillo had a higher percentage of burnout than the three private ones. The percentage of prevalence of the burnout syndrome according to sex was similar. However according to dimensions, emotional exhaustion presented the highest percentage

Spray-Flame Synthesis of LaFexCo1-xO3 (x = 0.2, 0.3) Perovskite Nanoparticles for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Water Splitting: Effect of Precursor Chemistry (Acetates and Nitrates).

The product properties of mixed oxide nanoparticles generated via spray-flame synthesis depend on an intricate interplay of solvent and precursor chemistries in the processed solution. The effect of two different sets of metal precursors, acetates and nitrates, dissolved in a mixture of ethanol (35 Vol.%) and 2-ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA, 65 Vol.%) was investigated for the synthesis of LaFexCo1-xO3 (x = 0.2, 0.3) perovskites. Regardless of the set of precursors, similar particle-size distributions (dp = 8-11 nm) were obtained and a few particles with sizes above 20 nm were identified with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. Using acetates as precursors, inhomogeneous La, Fe, and Co elemental distributions were obtained for all particle sizes according to energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mappings, connected to the formation of multiple secondary phases such as oxygen-deficient La3(FexCo1-x)3O8 brownmillerite or La4(FexCo1-x)3O10 Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) structures besides the main trigonal perovskite phase. For samples synthesized from nitrates, inhomogeneous elemental distributions were observed for large particles only where La and Fe enrichment occurred in combination with the formation of a secondary La2(FexCo1-x)O4 RP phase. Such variations can be attributed to reactions in the solution prior to injection in the flame as well as precursor-dependent variations in in-flame reactions. Therefore, the precursor solutions were analyzed by temperature-dependent attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) measurements. The acetate-based precursor solutions indicated the partial conversion of, mainly La and Fe, acetates to metal 2-ethylhexanoates. In the nitrate-based solutions, esterification of ethanol and 2-EHA played the most important role. The synthesized nanoparticle samples were characterized by BET (Brunauer, Emmett, Teller), FTIR, Mössbauer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All samples were tested as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts, and similar electrocatalytic activities were recorded when evaluating the potential required to reach 10 mA/cm2 current density (∼1.61 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)).

Efecto antibacteriano de una pasta dental con xilitol sobre Streptococcus mutans en saliva de gestantes / Antibacterial effect of a toothpaste with xylitol on Streptococcus mutans in pregnant women's saliva

RESUMEN Introducción: Durante la gestación, algunos cambios fisiológicos en la mujer propician un incremento de la placa dental y de la microbiota cariogénica. Esta condición unida a una modificación de la dieta y a una inadecuada higiene bucal condicionarían desfavorablemente la salud oral tanto de la madre como del bebé. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto antibacteriano de una pasta dental con xilitol sobre el recuento de Streptococcus mutans en saliva de gestantes. Métodos: Ensayo clínico, a doble ciego, que se realizó en el Centro de Salud "José Olaya" (Chiclayo Perú), en enero de 2017. Se trabajó con una población muestral de 50 gestantes en el segundo trimestre que cumplieron con los criterios establecidos. Se crearon dos grupos: 25 gestantes usaron dentífrico con 10 por ciento de xilitol y 25 gestantes usaron dentífrico sin xilitol. Se les tomó y proceso microbiológicamente una muestra de saliva antes del inicio del estudio y 14 días después del uso de las respectivas pastas. Se realizó el recuento de unidades formadoras de colonias de Streptococcus mutans en saliva con una confiabilidad altamente significativa mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase, calibración intra e interexaminador (1,000 y 0,999, respectivamente). El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, considerando un nivel de significancia del 5 por ciento. Resultados: No se encontró diferencia significativa entre las gestantes que emplearon pasta dental con xilitol en comparación con las que utilizaron pasta dental sin xilitol (p= 0,062). Conclusiones: El efecto antibacteriano de la pasta dental comercial con xilitol es similar a una pasta dental sin xilitol sobre el recuento de Streptococcus mutans en saliva de gestantes(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Some physiological changes occur in women during pregnancy which cause an increase in dental plaque and cariogenic microbiota. This situation, alongside a modification in the diet and inadequate oral hygiene, negatively affect the oral health of both the mother and the baby. Objective: Determine the antibacterial effect of a toothpaste with xylitol on the count of Streptococcus mutans in pregnant women's saliva. Methods: A double-blind clinical trial was conducted in José Olaya Health Center (Chiclayo, Peru) in January 2017. The sample population was 50 women in the second trimester of pregnancy who met the established inclusion criteria. Two groups were formed: 25 pregnant women used a toothpaste with 10 percent xylitol and the other 25 used a toothpaste without xylitol. A saliva sample was taken and processed microbiologically before the start of the study and 14 days after use of the two toothpastes. A count was performed of colony-forming units for Streptococcus mutans in saliva with highly significant reliability, using the intraclass correlation coefficient, and intra- and inter-rater calibration (1.000 and 0.999, respectively). Data analysis was based on the Mann-Whitney U Test, with a significance level of 5 percent. Results: No significant difference was found between the pregnant women who used the toothpaste with xylitol and those who used the toothpaste without xylitol (p= 0.062). Conclusions: The antibacterial effect of the commercial toothpaste with xylitol is similar to that of a toothpaste without xylitol in terms of the Streptococcus mutans count in pregnant women's saliva(AU)

Efecto de una Pasta Dental Comercial Conteniendo Xilitol Sobre el Recuento de Streptococcus Mutans en Saliva de Gestantes: Ensayo Clínico Controlado Aleatorizado / Effect of a Commercial Toothpaste Containing Xylitol on the Count of Streptococcus Mutans in Saliva of Pregnant Women: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

RESUMEN: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto de una pasta dental comercial conteniendo xilitol sobre el recuento de Streptococcus mutans en saliva de gestantes. El presente fue un ensayo clínico, a doble ciego, que se realizó en el Centro de Salud "José Olaya" (Chiclayo Perú), en enero de 2017. Se trabajó con una población muestral de 50 gestantes en el segundo trimestre que cumplieron con los criterios establecidos, distribuyéndolas en dos grupos: 25 gestantes usaron pasta dental con 10 % de xilitol y 25 gestantes usaron pasta dental sin xilitol. Se les tomó y procesó microbiológicamente una muestra de saliva antes del inicio del estudio y 14 días después del uso de las respectivas pastas. Se realizó el recuento de unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) de Streptococcus mutans en saliva con una confiabilidad altamente significativa mediante el Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase, calibración intra e interexaminador (1,000 y 0,999, respectivamente). El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, considerando un nivel de significancia del 5 %. No se encontró diferencia entre las gestantes que emplearon pasta dental con xilitol en comparación con las que utilizaron pasta sin xilitol (p=0,062). Se concluyó que el efecto de la pasta dental comercial conteniendo xilitol es similar a una pasta sin xilitol sobre el recuento de Streptococcus mutans en saliva de gestantes.

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of a commercial toothpaste containing xylitol on the counts of Streptococcus mutans in saliva of pregnant women. The present was a double-blind clinical trial performed at the "José Olaya" health Centre (Chiclayo Peru) in January 2017. We worked with a sample population of 50 pregnant in the second trimester that met the established criteria, distributing in two groups: 25 pregnant women used toothpaste with 10 % xylitol and 25 pregnant used toothpaste without xylitol. They were taken and microbiologically processed a sample of saliva before the start of the study and 14 days after the use of the respective toothpastes. The Colony-forming units (CFU) of Streptococcus mutans in saliva were counted with a highly significant reliability through the intraclass correlation coefficient, Intra-and Interexaminer calibration (1.000 and 0.999, respectively). Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, considering a 5 % significance level. No difference was found among the pregnant women who used xylitol toothpaste compared to those who used toothpaste without xylitol (p = 0,062). It was concluded that the effect of xylitol containing commercial toothpaste is similar to a toothpaste without xylitol on the count of Streptococcus mutans in the saliva of pregnant women.

Efectividad Analgésica de Naproxeno Sódico y Etoricoxib Post Extracción Dental Simple: Ensayo Clínico Aleatorizado Paralelo / Analgesic Effectiveness of Sodium Naproxen and Etoricoxib Post Simple Dental Extraction: Parallel Randomized Clinical Trial

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la efectividad analgésica de naproxeno sódico y etoricoxib post extracción dental simple. El presente ensayo clínico, aleatorizado paralelo y ciego simple, se desarrolló en la Clínica Odontológica de la Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego. Los pacientes, quienes requerían exodoncia simple por caries dental en molar mandibular, fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en tres grupos de 17 participantes cada uno, donde recibieron naproxeno sódico, etoricoxib o ibuprofeno (grupo testigo), según los criterios establecidos. El procedimiento fue estandarizado, evaluándose la eficacia analgésica mediante la escala visual analógica (EVA) a las 1, 8, 24 y 48 horas, después del inicio de la medicación. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis, considerándose un nivel de significancia del 5 %. No se evidenció diferencia en la efectividad analgésica entre naproxeno sódico y etoricoxib, post extracción dental simple. Este hallazgo se observó a las 1 (p=0,602), 8 (p=0,884), 24 (p=0,338) y 48 horas (p=0,189). No existe diferencia en la efectividad analgésica entre naproxeno sódico y etoricoxib, post extracción dental simple.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to compare the analgesic effectiveness of naproxen sodium and etoricoxib after simple dental extraction. This randomized parallel and single blind clinical trial, was developed in the Clínica Odontológica of the Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego. The patients, who required simple exodontia for dental caries in the mandibular molar, were randomized into three groups of 17 participants each, where they received naproxen sodium, etoricoxib or ibuprofen (control group), according to established criteria. The procedure was standardized, evaluating the analgesic efficacy by means of the analog visual scale at 1, 8, 24 and 48 hours, after the start of the medication. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test, considering a level of significance of 5 %. There was no difference in the analgesic effectiveness between naproxen sodium and etoricoxib, after simple dental extraction. This finding was observed at 1 (p = 0.602), 8 (p = 0.884), 24 (p = 0.338) and 48 hours (p = 0.189). There is no difference in the analgesic effectiveness between naproxen sodium and etoricoxib, after simple dental extraction.

Amoxicilina para prevenir la infección postexodoncia de terceros molares incluidos: ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Amoxicillin to prevent post extraction of third molars infection: Randomized clinical trial

Objetivo. Comparar la eficacia de la administración de amoxicilina pre y posquirúrgica para prevenir la infección postexodoncia de terceros molares incluidos. Material y método. El ensayo clínico se desarrolló en el Servicio de Odontología del Hospital I El Porvenir-ESSALUD (Trujillo, Perú), entre julio y noviembre del 2013. Los 99 pacientes fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en 3 grupos: al grupo 1 se le administró 2g de amoxicilina 1h antes de la intervención, al grupo 2 se le administró 500mg de amoxicilina inmediatamente después y 500mg cada 8h por 4 días, y al grupo 3 no se le administró antibiótico alguno. El procedimiento quirúrgico fue estandarizado y realizado por el mismo operador, quien fue cegado para el procedimiento. La eficacia para prevenir la infección se midió mediante 3 parámetros: dolor, temperatura oral y supuración. Para el análisis se empleó la prueba de comparación de proporciones para una p<0,005. Resultados. No se halló diferencia entre la administración de amoxicilina pre y posquirúrgica para prevenir la infección postexodoncia de terceros molares incluidos (p=0,60). Además, tampoco se halló diferencia entre estas y la no administración del antibiótico (p=0,35 y p=1,00; respectivamente). Conclusión. La administración pre y postoperatoria de amoxicilina no es eficaz para prevenir la infección postexodoncia de terceros molares incluidos (AU)

Objective. To compare the efficacy of amoxicillin pre and post to prevent postsurgical removal of third molars infection. Material and method. The clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Dentistry Hospital I El Porvenir-ESSALUD (Trujillo, Peru), between July and November of 2013. The 99 patients were randomized into 3 groups: group 1 received 2g of amoxicillin one hour before surgery, group 2 received 500mg of amoxicillin and 500mg immediately after and every 08hours for 4 days, and group 3 was not given any antibiotic. The surgical procedure was standardized and performed by the same operator, who was blinded to the procedure. The efficacy in preventing infection was measured by three parameters: pain, oral temperature and discharge. To analyze the proportions comparison test was used with p<0,005. Results. No difference was found between amoxicillin before and after surgery to prevent post extraction of third molars infection (p=0,60). Furthermore, no difference between those groups and the non-antibiotic administration group was found (p=0,35 and p=1,00; respectively). Conclusion. The pre and postoperative administration of amoxicillin are not effective to prevent post extraction of third molars infection (AU)

Conocimiento de médicos de 2 hospitales peruanos sobre la relación entre enfermedad periodontal y alteraciones sistémicas / Knowledge of physicians, from 2 peruvian hospitals on the relationship between periodontal and systemic diseases

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad periodontal y su relación con la diabetes mellitus, la gestación y las enfermedades cardiovasculares, en médicos de 2 hospitales peruanos. Material y método El presente estudio, transversal y descriptivo, se desarrolló entre abril y mayo de 2014 e incluyó un total de 77 médicos, 39 del Hospital Belén de Trujillo y 38 del Víctor Lazarte Echegaray (Trujillo, Perú), a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario, sometido previamente a validación por expertos y análisis de confiabilidad (Alfa de Cronbach = 0,605). Resultados El nivel de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad periodontal y su relación con la diabetes mellitus, la gestación y las enfermedades cardiovasculares fue bueno en un 57,1 por ciento y regular en un 41,6 por ciento de los médicos evaluados. No se encontraron diferencias con respecto a la especialidad médica (p = 0,348) ni al tiempo de ejercicio profesional (p = 0,403). Conclusión Los resultados permiten concluir que el nivel de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad periodontal y su relación con la diabetes mellitus, la gestación y las enfermedades cardiovasculares fue bueno en el 57,1 por ciento de los médicos de los hospitales Belén y Víctor Lazarte Echegaray de Trujillo, Perú, 2014.

Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of physicians from two Peruvian hospitals on the relationship between periodontal and systemic diseases. Methods This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted between April and May 2014 and included a total of 77 physicians, 39 from Hospital Belen de Trujillo and 38 from Hospital Victor Lazarte Echegaray (Trujillo, Peru). They were given a questionnaire that was previously submitted for validation by experts and reliability analysis (Cronbach's alpha = 0.605). Results The level of knowledge on periodontal disease and its relationship with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and pregnancy was good in 57.1 percent and moderate in 41.6 percent of physicians who responded. No differences were found as regards medical specialty (P = .348) or professional experience (P = .403). Conclusion The results suggest that the level of knowledge on periodontal disease and its relationship with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and pregnancy was good in 57.1 percent of physicians from Victor Lazarte Echegaray and Belen hospitals in Trujillo, Peru, in 2014.

Efecto Analgésico Postexodoncia Simple del Extracto de Morinda citrifolia (Noni): Ensayo Clínico Aleatorizado de Grupos en Paralelo / Post Exodontia Analgesic Effect of Morinda citrifolia (Noni): A Randomized Clinical Trial in Parallel Groups

El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar el efecto analgésico post exodoncia simple del extracto de Morinda citrifolia (Noni) de 30 g vs. 15 g. Este ensayo clínico paralelo aleatorizado, se desarrolló en la Clínica Estomatológica de la Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego (Trujillo, Perú). Los pacientes, quienes requerían exodoncia simple, fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en tres grupos de 17 sujetos cada uno: Noni a dosis de 30 g, de 15 g y grupo testigo (ibuprofeno). El procedimiento fue estandarizado, evaluándose el efecto analgésico mediante la Escala Visual Analógica, a las 2, 8, 24 y 48 horas posteriores a la primera toma del fármaco. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba T de Student para comparación de medias para una p<0,005. No existe diferencia en el efecto analgésico post exodoncia simple entre el extracto de Noni de 30 g y 15 g, a las 2 (p=0,09), 8 (p=0,22), 24 (p=0,61) y 48 horas (p=0,67). Ambas dosis fueron similares o superiores al control. El extracto de Noni presenta efecto analgésico post exodoncia simple.

The objective of this study was to compare the post exodontia analgesic effect of the Morinda citrifolia (Noni) extract of 30 g vs. 15 g. This randomized parallel clinical trial, was developed in the Dental Clinic of Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego (Trujillo, Peru). Patients who required simple dental extraction, were randomized into three groups of 17 subjects each one: Noni at doses of 30 g, 15 g and control group (ibuprofen). The procedure was standardized and the analgesic effect was evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale at 2, 8, 24 and 48 hours after the first dose of the drug. Statistical analysis was performed using Student 's t test for comparison of means with p<0.005. There is no difference in the post exodontia analgesic effect between Noni extract 30 g and 15 g, at 2 (p=0.09), 8 (p=0.22), 24 (p=0.61) and 48 hours (p=0.67). Both doses were similar to or higher than control. The extract of Noni has post exodontia analgesic effect.

Efecto del Tratamiento con Acelerador Lineal Sobre el Flujo Salival en Pacientes con Cáncer de Cabeza y Cuello / Effect of Treatment with Linear Accelerator on Salivary Flow in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto del tratamiento con acelerador lineal sobre el flujo salival en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza o cuello. El estudio presentó un diseño pre-experimental y se desarrolló en el Centro de Radioterapia Es Salud - La Esperanza (Trujillo, Perú). La muestra estuvo conformada por 20 pacientes, entre 30 y 69 años, que cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. El flujo salival se recolectó antes de recibir la terapia y una semana después, mediante expectoración y se evaluó por medio de la sialometría. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba T de Student para comparación de medias, con un valor p<0,005. El tratamiento con acelerador lineal provocó disminución del flujo salival en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza o cuello (p=0,000). En hombres, la radiación disminuye el flujo salival (p=0,008); mientras que, en las mujeres el flujo salival no evidencia disminución significativa (p=0,0636); asimismo, no existe diferencia con respecto a la variación de los flujos salivales entre hombres y mujeres (p=0,122). El tratamiento con acelerador lineal provoca disminución del flujo salival en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza o cuello, sin diferencia por sexo.

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of treatment with linear accelerator on salivary flow in patients with head and neck cancer. The study had a pre-experimental design and was developed at the Radiotherapy Centre Es Salud La Esperanza (Trujillo, Peru). The sample consisted of 20 patients, between 30 and 69 years, who met the eligibility criteria. Salivary flow was collected before receiving therapy and a week later, by expectoration and evaluated through sialometry. Statistical analysis was performed using Student 's t test for comparison of means with p < 0.005. Linear accelerator treatment decreased salivary flow in patients with head and neck cancer (p = 0.000). In men, the radiation decreases salivary flow (p=0.008), while in women there was no evidence of significant salivary flow decrease (p=0.0636), also, there is no difference with respect to variation in salivary flow between men and women (p=0.122). Linear accelerator treatment decreased salivary flow in patients with head and neck cancer, without sex differences.

Conocimiento sobre posturas ergonómicas en relación a la percepción de dolor postural durantela atención clínica en alumnos de odontología / Ergonomic posture knowledge in relation to the perception of postural pain during clinical care in dental students

El objetivo fue determinar si existe relación entre el nivel de conocimiento sobre posturas ergonómicas y la percepción de dolor postural durante la atención clínica en alumnos de odontología. Estudio de corte transversal, descriptivo y observacional, que incluyó un total de 60 estudiantes con dos años de práctica clínica de la Escuela de Estomatología de la Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego (Trujillo, Perú). Se realizaron dos cuestionarios: uno de percepción de dolor postural por zonas, donde se usó la Escala Visual Análoga (EVA), y el otro de conocimiento sobre posturas ergonómicas, sometido previamente a validación de expertos y de confiabilidad aceptable según la prueba alfa de Cronbach (0,718). No existe relación entre el nivel de conocimiento sobre posturas ergonómicas y percepción de dolor postural durante la atención clínica (p>0,05). Además, se determinó que el nivel de conocimiento predominante sobre posturas ergonómicas fue el nivel medio (50%) y que el dolor más prevalente (82%) y de mayor intensidad (3,16 cm) fue en la zona cervical. Se sugiere reforzar la capacitación sobre ergonomía odontológica y concientizar a los alumnos sobre la importancia de aplicarla en la práctica clínica diaria

The objective of the present study was to determine if there is a relationship between the level of knowledge about ergonomic postures and the postural pain perception during clinical care in students of dentistry. This observational and descriptive cross sectional study, included a total of 60 students with two years of clinical practice of the Dental School at Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego (Trujillo, Peru). They answered two questionnaires: one of perception of postural pain by areas, where the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in centimeters was used, and the other about the knowledge on ergonomic postures, previously submitted to validation of experts and reliability acceptable according to the Cronbach's alpha test (0.718). It was determined that there is no relationship between the level of knowledge about ergonomic postures and postural pain perception during clinical care (p>0.05). In addition, the level of knowledge about ergonomic postures was predominantly at medium level (50%) and most prevalent pain (82%) and more intense (3.16 cm) in the cervical area. It is suggested to improve training in dental ergonomics and raise awareness of students on the importance of applying it in daily clinical practice

Efectividad del tratamiento profiláctico con dexametasona de 8 y 4 mg para controlar el edema poscirugía de terceros molares incluidos: ensayo clínico aleatorizado de grupos en paralelo / Effectiveness of 4 and 8 mg prophylactic dexamethasone to control post-surgical swelling of impacted third molars: A randomized parallel-group clinical trial

Objetivo: Comparar la efectividad de dexametasona profiláctica por vía oral (VO) de 8 mg con la de 4 mg para controlar el edema poscirugía de terceros molares incluidos. Material y método: El presente ensayo clínico paralelo aleatorizado, se desarrolló en la Clínica Estomatológica de la Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego (Trujillo, Perú), entre agosto de 2010 y marzo de 2011. Los pacientes, quienes requerían exodoncia de tercer molar incluido, fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en 2 grupos: 27 recibieron dexametasona VO de 4 mg y 27, de 8 mg, según los criterios establecidos. El procedimiento fue estandarizado, evaluándose la efectividad para controlar el edema mediante la comparación de medidas faciales pre y postoperatorias. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba de la t de Student para comparación de medias para una p < 0,005. Resultados: Dexametasona de 8 mg presentó mayor efectividad para controlar el edema que dexametasona de 4 mg. Los pacientes del grupo de 8 mg registraron eficacia para controlar el edema solo en la referencia ángulo de la mandíbula-trago (p = 0,500), mientras que para las demás referencias no fue eficaz. Lo mismo sucedió para el grupo de 4 mg (p = 0,163). Conclusión: Dexametasona profiláctica VO de 8mg presenta mayor efectividad que la de 4mg para controlar el edema poscirugía de terceros molares incluidos (AU)

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of 4 and 8 mg prophylactic oral dexamethasone (PO) to control post-surgical swelling of impacted third molars. Material and methods: This randomized parallel-group clinical trial was conducted in the Dental Clinic of Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego (Trujillo - Peru), between August 2010 and March 2011. Patients who required extraction of impacted third molar were randomized into two groups: 27 received 4 mg dexamethasone PO, and 27 received 8 mg PO, according to established criteria. A standardized procedure was used, with effectiveness in controlling swelling by comparing pre- and post-operative facial measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test for comparison of means with a significance at 5%. Results: Greater effectiveness for controlling swelling was observed with 8 mg of dexamethasone than with 4 mg of dexamethasone. Patients in the 8 mg group only showed effectiveness in controlling swelling in the reference angle of the jaw-tragus (P=.500), while was not effective for the other references. The same results were observed in the 4 mg group (P=.163). Conclusion: Dexamethasone 8mg PO has greater effectiveness than 4mg to control postoperative edema of third molars (AU)

Synovial chondromatosis and chondrosarcoma: a diagnostic dilemma.

PURPOSE: The progression of synovial chondromatosis to chondrosarcoma is very rare. Distinction between these two entities may be difficult on histology alone, and should be based on clinical, radiographic and microscopic evidence. Immunohistochemical markers that would facilitate differentiation between synovial chondromatosis and chondrosarcoma are currently being investigated. PATIENTS: We describe the cases of two patients who presented with synovial chondromatosis and progression to synovial chondrosarcoma during periods of 7 and 11 years. Several biopsies and resected specimens demonstrated synovial chondromatosis before a diagnosis of chondrosarcoma was made. METHOD: We have examined five markers (Bcl2, Ki67, p27, p16, and p53) in all specimens from these cases, as well as known cases of chondromatosis and chondrosarcoma for control purposes. RESULTS: We found increased expression of Bcl2 in benign chondromatosis compared to synovial or central chondrosarcomas. DISCUSSION: Distinction between chondromatosis and its progression to low grade chondrosarcoma is difficult at histological level, and must involve incorporation of clinical and radiographical data. Although preliminary, our study suggests that reduced or absent expression of Bcl2 is associated withmalignant transformation of chondromatosis.