Taxonomy notes and new occurrence data of four species of atyid shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) in Vietnam, all described from China.

BACKGROUND: Freshwater shrimp of the family Atyidae De Haan, 1849 have been studied in Vietnam for more than a century. A total of 24 species of atyid shrimps from the genera Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837, Neocaridina Kubo, 1938, Atyopsis Chace, 1983 have been recorded from Vietnam. With 22 species, the majority are from the genus Caridina. In 2013, Karge and Klotz mentioned the occurrence of four yet undescribed species belonging to Paracaridina Liang, Guo & Tang, 1999 in Vietnam without taxonomic details.In general, studies of freshwater atyids in Vietnam are limited and most Vietnamese taxa await a taxonomic revision. The available data do not fully reflect their estimated species diversity in the country and distribution data are deficient. Here, we focus on four species of atyid shrimps from two genera, viz. Caridinacantonensis Yu, 1938, C.lanceifrons Yu, 1936, C.serrata Stimpson, 1860 and Neocaridinapalmata (Shen, 1948), all described from China and have been reported to occur in Vietnam. The previous reports on the occurrence of these species in Vietnam are largely unreliable due to taxonomic confusion. To contribute to the knowledge of these taxa, we provide the first verified distribution records of the four species in the country with some taxonomic remarks. NEW INFORMATION: This study shows the first taxonomically-verified distribution data of four atyid shrimp species originally described from China, but also reported from Vietnam, albeit under various species names and, in some cases, erroneously. These data allow the first meaningful discussion of the distribution in light of the reproductive strategy of these four species and, in conjunction with the taxonomic remarks, will contribute to the knowledge of these taxa. As a result of this research and data from previous studies, we now consider all four species as widespread and non-endemic, but land-locked (with a complete freshwater life cycle). In Vietnam, all four species are confined to the northern half of the country. Beyond Vietnam, we provide the first records for Caridinalanceifrons from southern Thailand, which suggests a major sampling gap in Indochina.

Digital Subtraction Angiography-Guided Foam Sclerotherapy with Polidocanol for Treating Superficial Venous Malformation.

Objective: This study aims to describe the angiographic imaging characteristics of superficial venous malformations and evaluate the treatment effectiveness of digital subtraction angiography (DSA)-guided foam sclerotherapy with polidocanol. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in 18 patients with venous malformation treated by DSA-guided sclerotherapy. Treatment outcomes were evaluated based on pain improvement and reduction in lesion size on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 6-months posttreatment. Results: A total 21 lesions and 46 sclerotherapy sessions were analyzed. MRI findings presented 8/21 lesions (38.1%) with excellent response, 9/21 (42.9%) with good response, and 3/21 (14.3%) with average response, while one patient (4.8%) showed no response. All patients experienced pain. A significant reduction (p<0.01) was observed in the pre- to posttreatment pain score (5.45 and 0.64, respectively). Over a follow-up period of 1-4 years, three out of four patients (75%) in the retrospective cohort experienced recurrence; one patient had an increased lesion size and pain score, while the other two patients only showed an increased lesion size. No severe complications were seen. Conclusion: DSA-guided sclerotherapy with polidocanol is a safe and effective procedure for reducing lesion size and pain in symptomatic patients with superficial venous malformations.

IgG4-Related Sclerosing Cholangitis Mimicking Cholangiocarcinoma.

IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC) is a relatively newly identified disease that is frequently associated with autoimmune pancreatitis. The differential diagnosis between cholangiocarcinoma, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and IgG4-SC can be challenging due to significant overlap among the clinical and imaging characteristics. We report the case of a 71-year-old woman who was diagnosed with IgG4-related disease based on increased serum IgG4 levels, imaging, and clinical presentation, which showed systemic involvement, including sclerosing cholangitis and kidneys. The patient presented with chronic jaundice. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bile duct strictures and the dilatation of upstream bile ducts, smooth wall thickening with uniform enhancement in the delayed phase, and no vascular infiltration. Multiple low-density, wedge-shaped areas were identified in both kidneys, which were hypointense on T2-weighted images and hyperintense on diffusion-weighted images. The serum IgG4 levels of this patient were elevated to nearly 10-fold the normal upper limit. A diagnosis of IgG4-SC associated with IgG4-related kidney was made. Based on this case, pre-surgery IgG4 serum treatment in patients with non-malignant bile duct stenosis was recommended to exclude IgG4-SC.

Intra-fourth-ventricular choroid plexus papilloma miming ependymoma.

ABSTRACT: Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP), a low incidence central nervous system (CNS) tumor, typically develops as an intraventricular neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the choroid plexus. Infratentorial CPP is predominantly clustered in adults with roughly 70% in the fourth ventricle, while supratentorial CPP commonly found in the lateral ventricles, is the most frequent location in children. The clinical and imaging features of CPP are not typical and may induce the misdiagnosis as other types of primary brain tumors. In this paper, we described a fourth-ventricular CPP that was misdiagnosed as ependymoma despite the manipulation of groundbreaking magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. These findings indicated that CPP should be considered when performing the differential diagnosis of intraventricular neoplasms.

Hole-effective masses in the transport calculation of Si nanowire pMOSFETs.

The full-quantum, self-consistent simulation of p-type silicon nanowire field effect transistors based on the k * p method is performed and their device characteristics are examined in the light of the hole-effective masses. An attempt is made in this study to assess the role of the hole-effective masses by devising simple, single-band parabolic effective mass (PEM) Hamiltonians and comparing the transport characteristics with the ones from the k * p method. It is found that the PEM Hamiltonian with isotropic effective masses fails to correctly produce both the scaling behavior of the subthreshold currents and the behavior of the on-currents with respect to the silicon orientation. A modified PEM model with light-hole effective mass in the transport direction and quantization effective mass in the perpendicular direction greatly improve the subthreshold behavior for all the silicon orientations, which shows that the top-most light-hole subband dominantly determines the subthreshold behavior. The modified PEM model however overestimates the on-currents, indicating the limitation of the model.