RESUMEN
Intestinal microbiota is essential for gut homeostasis. Specifically, the microorganisms inhabiting the gut lumen interact with the intestinal immune system, supply key nutrients for the major components of the gut wall, and modulate energy metabolism. Host-microbiome interactions can be either beneficial or deleterious, driving gastrointestinal lymphoid tissue activities and shaping gut wall structures. This overview briefly focuses on the potential role played by abnormalities in gut microbiota and relative responses of the gastrointestinal tract in the determination of important pathological conditions such as the irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer.
Asunto(s)
Colon/microbiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/microbiología , Síndrome del Colon Irritable/microbiología , Metagenoma , Recto/microbiología , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/microbiología , Cultura , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Síndrome del Colon Irritable/patología , Italia/epidemiología , Probióticos , Recto/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a severe digestive syndrome characterized by derangement of gut propulsive motility which resembles mechanical obstruction, in the absence of any obstructive process. Although uncommon in clinical practice, this syndrome represents one of the main causes of intestinal failure and is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. It may be idiopathic or secondary to a variety of diseases. Most cases are sporadic, even though familial forms with either dominant or recessive autosomal inheritance have been described. Based on histological features intestinal pseudo-obstruction can be classified into three main categories: neuropathies, mesenchymopathies, and myopathies, according on the predominant involvement of enteric neurones, interstitial cells of Cajal or smooth muscle cells, respectively. Treatment of intestinal pseudo-obstruction involves nutritional, pharmacological and surgical therapies, but it is often unsatisfactory and the long-term outcome is generally poor in the majority of cases.