Photobiomodulation alters the viability of HUVECs cells.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of low-level red (660 nm) and infrared (780 nm) laser with four different radiance exposures on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. HUVECs (1.5 × 104) were incubated in 96-well culture plates. The cells were maintained in M199 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum, 1% antibiotic (penicillin), 1% anti-mycotic (Fungizone), and 1% endothelial cell growth supplement. After centrifugation, irradiations (660/780 nm, 40 mW, 1, 5, 10, and 20 J/cm2, 1 s, 5 s, 10 s, and 20 s, respectively, total energy 0.4 J, 2 J, 4 J, and 8 J, and beam spot size at target 0.04 cm2) were performed at the bottom of Falcon tubes such that the laser beam directly reached the cell without passing through the culture medium. The cells were divided into groups based on radiant exposures. Cell viability and protein concentration were verified after 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 10 days. Red laser increased the cell viability and protein concentration in all groups (three-way ANOVA, p < 0.05) beginning on the second day. The greatest peak compared with the control was found when the radiant exposure was 5 J/cm2 and 10 J/cm2. Infrared laser inhibited cell viability and modulated the protein concentration in the cells, with the highest peak protein concentration found on the second day in the group with radiant exposure of 1 J/cm2 and 10 J/cm2 (three-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). Red laser increased the viability and concentration of total proteins in HUVECs, whereas infrared laser had an inhibitory effect on cell viability, while maintaining the total protein concentration similar to that found in the control group.

Urachal cyst in a bitch

Background: The urachus is a tubular structure continuous with the urinary bladder and the allantois in foetal mammals.It serves as a communication between these two structures. At birth, it loses its function and undergoes atrophy by fibrousproliferation within the lumen. When this atrophy process fails at some point, congenital anomalies of the urachus occur.These anomalies are rare in animals, and to our knowledge, the urachal cyst has not yet been described in dogs. The presentwork is unique in that it reports a case of this congenital defect in a dog. Our aim is to increase awareness and to discussthe clinical presentation, the imaging techniques used, and the final diagnosis of this anomaly.Case: A 3-year-old bitch Pit Bull was presented for veterinary assistance to investigate recurrent pseudopregnancy and anirregular estrous cycle. The animal presented in good bodily condition, and the white blood count and clinical biochemistrywere normal. At ultrasound, 2 tubular structures, filled by an echogenic fluid mimicking uterine topography, were foundextending through the umbilical and hypogastric regions. No alterations in structure, echogenicity or echotexture of theother organs were observed, including the ovaries and uterus. On exploratory laparotomy, a cystic structure was found,with 2 segments: the larger one was on the left side, attached to the apex of the bladder by its caudal portion; the otherwas on the right side, attached to the spleen by its cranial portion and to the apex of the bladder by its caudal portion inconnection with the left segment. The ovaries, uterus and uterine horns showed no macroscopic alterations. The structurewas removed, and after analysis (macroscopic morphology, wall histopathology and biochemistry of the contained fluid),it was...(AU)

Urachal cyst in a bitch

Background: The urachus is a tubular structure continuous with the urinary bladder and the allantois in foetal mammals.It serves as a communication between these two structures. At birth, it loses its function and undergoes atrophy by fibrousproliferation within the lumen. When this atrophy process fails at some point, congenital anomalies of the urachus occur.These anomalies are rare in animals, and to our knowledge, the urachal cyst has not yet been described in dogs. The presentwork is unique in that it reports a case of this congenital defect in a dog. Our aim is to increase awareness and to discussthe clinical presentation, the imaging techniques used, and the final diagnosis of this anomaly.Case: A 3-year-old bitch Pit Bull was presented for veterinary assistance to investigate recurrent pseudopregnancy and anirregular estrous cycle. The animal presented in good bodily condition, and the white blood count and clinical biochemistrywere normal. At ultrasound, 2 tubular structures, filled by an echogenic fluid mimicking uterine topography, were foundextending through the umbilical and hypogastric regions. No alterations in structure, echogenicity or echotexture of theother organs were observed, including the ovaries and uterus. On exploratory laparotomy, a cystic structure was found,with 2 segments: the larger one was on the left side, attached to the apex of the bladder by its caudal portion; the otherwas on the right side, attached to the spleen by its cranial portion and to the apex of the bladder by its caudal portion inconnection with the left segment. The ovaries, uterus and uterine horns showed no macroscopic alterations. The structurewas removed, and after analysis (macroscopic morphology, wall histopathology and biochemistry of the contained fluid),it was...

Consumption of baru nuts (Dipteryx alata) in the treatment of obese mice / Consumo de amêndoa de baru (Dipteryx alata) no tratamento de camundongos com obesidade

The present study evaluated the effects of baru nut consumption on body weight, percent adiposity, amount of adipose tissue and blood levels in obese male Swiss mice. After inducing obesity by providing high-glucose diet (60 days), the mice were divided into 4 groups (7 animals per group) and were fed on a control diet (C), high-glucose diet (HG) or high-glucose diet added with baru (HGBA) or soybean oil (HGSO). Groups fed with diet HGBA had a decrease in the weight gain and glucose and triglyceride levels when compared to diet HG. Aimals fed with HG exhibited a higher proportion of epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue. The inclusion of baru nut in the diet improved the control of weight gain and glucose and triglyceride levels in obese mice.

Este estudo analisou os efeitos do consumo de amêndoas de baru no peso corporal, percentagem de adiposidade, quantidade de tecido adiposo e parâmetros sanguíneos em camundongos Swiss machos e obesos. Após indução da obesidade pelo consumo de dieta hiperglicídica (60 dias), os camundongos foram divididos em 4 grupos (7 animais por grupo) e, consumiram dieta controle (C), hipergicídica (HG) ou hiperglicídica com adição de baru (HGBA) ou óleo de soja (HGOS). O grupo que ingeriu HGBA teve redução no ganho de peso e níveis de glicose e triglicérides comparados ao tratamento com dieta HG. Os animais alimentados com HG exibiram uma maior proporção de tecido adiposo epididimal e retroperitoneal. Conclui-se que a inclusão de amêndoa de baru na dieta melhora o controle do ganho de peso e os níveis de glicose e triglicérides em camundongos obesos.

Consumption of baru nuts (Dipteryx alata) in the treatment of obese mice / Consumo de amêndoa de baru (Dipteryx alata) no tratamento de camundongos com obesidade

The present study evaluated the effects of baru nut consumption on body weight, percent adiposity, amount of adipose tissue and blood levels in obese male Swiss mice. After inducing obesity by providing high-glucose diet (60 days), the mice were divided into 4 groups (7 animals per group) and were fed on a control diet (C), high-glucose diet (HG) or high-glucose diet added with baru (HGBA) or soybean oil (HGSO). Groups fed with diet HGBA had a decrease in the weight gain and glucose and triglyceride levels when compared to diet HG. Aimals fed with HG exhibited a higher proportion of epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue. The inclusion of baru nut in the diet improved the control of weight gain and glucose and triglyceride levels in obese mice. (AU)

Este estudo analisou os efeitos do consumo de amêndoas de baru no peso corporal, percentagem de adiposidade, quantidade de tecido adiposo e parâmetros sanguíneos em camundongos Swiss machos e obesos. Após indução da obesidade pelo consumo de dieta hiperglicídica (60 dias), os camundongos foram divididos em 4 grupos (7 animais por grupo) e, consumiram dieta controle (C), hipergicídica (HG) ou hiperglicídica com adição de baru (HGBA) ou óleo de soja (HGOS). O grupo que ingeriu HGBA teve redução no ganho de peso e níveis de glicose e triglicérides comparados ao tratamento com dieta HG. Os animais alimentados com HG exibiram uma maior proporção de tecido adiposo epididimal e retroperitoneal. Conclui-se que a inclusão de amêndoa de baru na dieta melhora o controle do ganho de peso e os níveis de glicose e triglicérides em camundongos obesos. (AU)

Consumption of baru nuts (Dipteryx alata) in the treatment of obese mice / Consumo de amêndoa de baru (Dipteryx alata) no tratamento de camundongos com obesidade

ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the effects of baru nut consumption on body weight, percent adiposity, amount of adipose tissue and blood levels in obese male Swiss mice. After inducing obesity by providing high-glucose diet (60 days), the mice were divided into 4 groups (7 animals per group) and were fed on a control diet (C), high-glucose diet (HG) or high-glucose diet added with baru (HGBA) or soybean oil (HGSO). Groups fed with diet HGBA had a decrease in the weight gain and glucose and triglyceride levels when compared to diet HG. Aimals fed with HG exhibited a higher proportion of epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue. The inclusion of baru nut in the diet improved the control of weight gain and glucose and triglyceride levels in obese mice.

RESUMO: Este estudo analisou os efeitos do consumo de amêndoas de baru no peso corporal, percentagem de adiposidade, quantidade de tecido adiposo e parâmetros sanguíneos em camundongos Swiss machos e obesos. Após indução da obesidade pelo consumo de dieta hiperglicídica (60 dias), os camundongos foram divididos em 4 grupos (7 animais por grupo) e, consumiram dieta controle (C), hipergicídica (HG) ou hiperglicídica com adição de baru (HGBA) ou óleo de soja (HGOS). O grupo que ingeriu HGBA teve redução no ganho de peso e níveis de glicose e triglicérides comparados ao tratamento com dieta HG. Os animais alimentados com HG exibiram uma maior proporção de tecido adiposo epididimal e retroperitoneal. Conclui-se que a inclusão de amêndoa de baru na dieta melhora o controle do ganho de peso e os níveis de glicose e triglicérides em camundongos obesos.

Consumption of baru nuts (Dipteryx alata) in the treatment of obese mice

ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the effects of baru nut consumption on body weight, percent adiposity, amount of adipose tissue and blood levels in obese male Swiss mice. After inducing obesity by providing high-glucose diet (60 days), the mice were divided into 4 groups (7 animals per group) and were fed on a control diet (C), high-glucose diet (HG) or high-glucose diet added with baru (HGBA) or soybean oil (HGSO). Groups fed with diet HGBA had a decrease in the weight gain and glucose and triglyceride levels when compared to diet HG. Aimals fed with HG exhibited a higher proportion of epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue. The inclusion of baru nut in the diet improved the control of weight gain and glucose and triglyceride levels in obese mice.

RESUMO: Este estudo analisou os efeitos do consumo de amêndoas de baru no peso corporal, percentagem de adiposidade, quantidade de tecido adiposo e parâmetros sanguíneos em camundongos Swiss machos e obesos. Após indução da obesidade pelo consumo de dieta hiperglicídica (60 dias), os camundongos foram divididos em 4 grupos (7 animais por grupo) e, consumiram dieta controle (C), hipergicídica (HG) ou hiperglicídica com adição de baru (HGBA) ou óleo de soja (HGOS). O grupo que ingeriu HGBA teve redução no ganho de peso e níveis de glicose e triglicérides comparados ao tratamento com dieta HG. Os animais alimentados com HG exibiram uma maior proporção de tecido adiposo epididimal e retroperitoneal. Conclui-se que a inclusão de amêndoa de baru na dieta melhora o controle do ganho de peso e os níveis de glicose e triglicérides em camundongos obesos.

Fungal Antagonism Assessment of Predatory Species and Producers Metabolites and Their Effectiveness on Haemonchus contortus Infective Larvae.

The objective of this study was to assess antagonism of nematophagous fungi and species producers metabolites and their effectiveness on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3). Assay A assesses the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effect on the production of spores of fungal isolates of the species Duddingtonia flagrans, Clonostachys rosea, Trichoderma esau, and Arthrobotrys musiformis; Assay B evaluates in vitro the effect of intercropping of these isolates grown in 2% water-agar (2% WA) on L3 of H. contortus. D. flagrans (Assay A) produced 5.3 × 10(6) spores and associated with T. esau, A. musiformis, or C. rosea reduced its production by 60.37, 45.28, and 49.05%, respectively. T. esau produced 7.9 × 10(7) conidia and associated with D. flagrans, A. musiformis, or C. rosea reduced its production by 39.24, 82.27, and 96.96%, respectively. A. musiformis produced 7.3 × 10(9) spores and associated with D. flagrans, T. esau, or C. rosea reduced its production by 99.98, 99.99, and 99.98%, respectively. C. rosea produced 7.3 × 10(8) conidia and associated with D. flagrans, T. esau, or A. musiformis reduced its production by 95.20, 96.84, and 93.56%, respectively. These results show evidence of antagonism in the production of spores between predators fungi.

Nematocidal activity of extracellular enzymes produced by the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans on cyathostomin infective larvae.

Duddingtonia flagrans produces chitinases, however, optimization of the production of these enzymes still needs to be explored, and its nematocidal activity should still be the subject of studies. The objective of the present study was to optimize chitinase production, and evaluate the nematocidal activity of extracellular enzymes produced by the nematophagous fungus D. flagrans on cyathostomin infective larvae. An isolate from D. flagrans (AC001) was used in this study. For the production of enzymes (protease and chitinase), two different culture media were inoculated with AC001 conidia. Both enzymes were purified. The statistical Plackett-Burman factorial design was used to investigate some variables and their effect on the production of chitinases by D. flagrans. After that, the design central composite (CCD) was used in order to determine the optimum levels and investigate the interactions of these variables previously observed. Only two variables (moisture and incubation time), in the evaluated levels, had a significant effect (p<0.05) on chitinase production. The conditions of maximum chitinase activity were calculated, with the following values: incubation time 2 days, and moisture 511%. The protease and chitinase derived from D. flagrans, individually or together (after 24h), led to a significant reduction (p<0.01) in the number of intact cyathostomin L3, when compared to the control, with following reduction percentage values: 19.4% (protease), 15.5% (chitinase), and 20.5% (protease+chitinase). Significant differences were observed (p<0.05) between the group treated with proteases in relation to the group treated with proteases+chitinases. In this study, the assay with the cyathostomins showed that chitinase had a nematocidal effect, suggesting that this enzyme acts on the "fungus versus nematodes" infection process. It is known that nematode eggs are rich in chitin, and in this case, we could think of a greater employability for this chitinase.

Standardization of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and lactate levels in pigs submitted to laparotomy / Padronização dos níveis de procalcitonina, proteína C- reativa e lactato em suínos submetidos à laparotomia

This study was undertaken to determine the procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and lactate levels in pigs anesthetized and submitted to laparotomy during 5 hours. A total of 05 landrace pigs with 3 months of age and weighing 26 kg were used. After a midline xiphopubic laparotomy, the procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate levels were measured at intervals of 60 minutes for 5 hours with samples taken from the jugular vein. The procalcitonin value remained below 0.05 µg. The CRP values were between 6.7 and 8.3 and lactate levels remained between 2.9 and 3.7 for the confidence interval of 95%. We conclude thtat in pigs submitted to laparotomy for 5 hours, the procalcitonin levels did not exceed 0.05 ng / mL. The C-reactive protein and lactate levels were between 6.7 and 8.3 mg / L and 2.9 and 3.7 mg / d, respectively. These data allowed reducing the number of animals.

Este estudo objetivou definir os níveis de procalcitonina, proteína-c reativa (PCR) e lactato em porcos anestesiados e submetidos à laparotomia mediana por 5 horas fornecendo aos pesquisadores um modelo estabelecido para futuras pesquisas sobre estes mediadores em que se necessite realizar laparotomia em patologias experimentais da cavidade abdominal, reduzindo assim o número de animais utilizados. Após a indução anestésica com tiopental, os animais foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal e realizada a dissecção e canulação da veia jugular para as coletas das amostras. Os níveis de procalcitonina, proteína-c reativa e lactatemia foram mensurados em intervalos de 60 minutos por 5 horas com amostras colhidas da veia jugular. As avaliações da procalcitonina não revelaram aumento durante nenhum dos tempos. Todas se mantiveram com valor abaixo de 0,05 µg. Os valores do PCR ficaram entre 6,7085 e 8,2915 e os valores de lactato permaneceram entre 2,8594 e 3,7406 para o intervalo de confiança de 95%. Conclui-se que suínos submetidos à laparotomia mediana por 5 horas não apresentam alterações nos valores de procalcitonina, podendo então, futuras pesquisas que se utilizarem desta proteína de fase aguda adotar o valor acima de 0,05 ng/mL como referência. Em relação à proteína-c reativa, encontramos valores entre 6,7 e 8,3 mg/L e o lactato entre 2,9 e 3,7 mg/dL. Futuras pesquisas que utilizarem suínos, como modelo experimental de patologias adotando a laparotomia mediana, poderão considerar estes valores como referência. Desta forma, podemos diminuir o número de animais, reduzindo o impacto perante a sociedade e o valor financeiro destes estudos.

Mensuração do nível de estresse em indivíduos portadores de diabetes mellitus / Stress level mensuration in diabetes mellitus patients

Introdução - Diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma doença crônica responsável por altos índices de morbi-mortalidade. Define-se por um transtorno metabólico complexo e primário dos carboidratos, que envolve secundariamente os lípides e proteínas. É caracterizada principalmente por hiperglicemia. Estresse é uma reação do organismo como forma de adaptação e proteção do mesmo contra agentes externos ou internos, considerado uma epidemia global e fator de risco para inúmeras patologias, dentre elas o DM. Este estudo teve como objetivo mensurar o nível de estresse em pacientes portadores de DM. Material e Métodos - Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e exploratória para mensurar o nível de estresse em indivíduos portadores de diabetes mellitus (DM). Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário que diagnostica o estresse e em que fase deste o indivíduo se encontra. Resultados - Os principais resultados mostraram que os participantes da pesquisa tinham entre 30 e 82 anos, a maioria realizava tratamento com hipoglicemiantes orais, 66%. Apresentaram estresse 79% dos indivíduos dos quais 50% encontravam-se na fase de resistência. Os sintomas do estresse mais citados foram os psicológicos,76%. A predominância do estresse foi maior nas mulheres que nos homens. O grau de escolaridade e o tipo de tratamento utilizado não interferiu na incidência do estresse. Conclusão - Grande parte dos indivíduos com diabetes mellitus apresentaram estresse, sendo que a metade deles encontrava-se na fase de resistência do estresse.

Introduction - Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a responsible chronic illness for high indices of morbimortality. It is defined for a complex and primary metabolic upheaval of the carbohydrates, that it also involves lipids and proteins. It is characterized mainly by hyperglycemia. Stress is a reaction of the organism as form of adaptation and protection of the same against external or internal agents, considered a global epidemic and factor of risk for innumerable pathologies, amongst them the DM. This study had as objective to measure the level of stress in diabetic patients. Material and Methods - One is about a quantitative, descriptive and exploratory research. The data had been collect through a questionnaire that diagnostic stress and what phase of this the individual is. Results - The main results had shown that the participants of the research had between 30 and 82 years, the majority had taken care of oneself with oral hypoglycemic drugs, 66%. About 79% of the individuals were stressed and, of which 50% were in the resistance phase.The more cited symptoms of stress had been the psychological ones, 76%. The predominance of stress was bigger in women than in men. The educational level and the type of treatment used had not interfered with the incidence of stress. Conclusion - Great part of the individuals with diabetes mellitus had been stressed, being that the half of them was in the phase of resistance of stress.

[Characterization of suicide cases in a Brazilian northeastern capital]. / Caracterização dos casos de suicídio em uma capital do Nordeste Brasileiro.

A descriptive, retrospective study which aimed to characterize suicide in the municipality of Teresina, Piaui, the period of 2000-2005, in regards to the social demographic aspects, means of death and period (month) of the act. The results were obtained through the Institute of Legal Medicine, they show a greater rate of suicide among men (71.3%) with a greater frequency of the youth population, predominance among the single (54.9%). The occupational groups with the greatest percentage were students (23.8%). The most frequently used method was hanging (66%) followed by firearms (13.1%). The use of interventions in hopes of lowering the current rates is imperative, as suicide occupies fourth place in relation to all causes of violent deaths in the municipality.

Caracterização dos casos de suicídio em uma capital do Nordeste Brasileiro / Characterization of suicide cases in a Brazilian Northeastern capital

Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, descritivo e retrospectivo que objetivou caracterizar o suicídio no município de Teresina-PI, no período de 2000-2005, quanto aos aspectos sócio-demográficos, meios utilizados e período (mês) de ocorrência. Os resultados foram obtidos através de laudos do Instituto de Medicina Legal, evidenciam um índice maior de suicídio entre os homens (71,3 por cento) com maior incidência da população jovem, com predomínio entre os solteiros (54,9 por cento). Os grupos ocupacionais com maior percentual foram os estudantes (23,8 por cento). O método mais freqüente foi de enforcamento (66 por cento), seguido de arma de fogo (13,1 por cento). A realização de intervenções em busca da diminuição das taxas existentes é primordial, pois estas corresponderam ao quarto lugar em relação a todas as mortes de causas violentas ocorridas no município.

A descriptive, retrospective study which aimed to characterize suicide in the municipality of Teresina, Piauí, the period of 2000-2005, in regards to the social demographic aspects, means of death and period (month) of the act. The results were obtained through the Institute of Legal Medicine, they show a greater rate of suicide among men (71.3 percent) with a greater frequency of the youth population, predominance among the single (54.9 percent). The occupational groups with the greatest percentage were students (23.8 percent). The most frequently used method was hanging (66 percent) followed by firearms (13.1 percent). The use of interventions in hopes of lowering the current rates is imperative, as suicide occupies fourth place in relation to all causes of violent deaths in the municipality.

Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio, descriptivo y retrospectivo que objetiva caracterizar el suicidio en el municipio de Teresina-PI, en el período de 2000-2005, en cuanto a los aspectos socio-demográficos, medios utilizados y período (mes) ocurridos. Los resultados fueron obtenidos a través de laudos del Instituto de Medicina Legal, evidencian un índice mayor de suicidios entre los hombres (71,3 por ciento) con mayor incidencia en la población joven, con predominio entre los solteros (54,9 por ciento). Los grupos ocupacionales con mayor porcentual fueron los estudiantes (23,8 por ciento). El método más frecuente fue de ahorcamiento (66 por ciento), seguido de arma de fuego (13,1 por ciento). La realización de intervenciones en busca de la disminución de las tasas existentes es primordial, pues éstas correspondieron al cuarto lugar con relación a todas las muertes por causas violentas ocurridas en el municipio.

Perfil sensorial e aceitabilidade de amostras de água-decoco obtidas por diferentes processos de fabricação / Sensorial profile and acceptance of coconut water samples obtained from different manufacturing processes

O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar amostras de água-de-coco, comercializadas em grandes supermercados e hipermercados da região sudeste e correlacionar tais características com os diferentes tipos de tecnologia de fabricação empregados. Utilizou-se a análise descritiva quantitativa para levantar o perfil sensorial de tres marcas comerciais de água-decoco 9resfriada, congelada e esterilizada), disponíveis no mercado de Campinas, SP9Brasil) e avaliou-se a aceitação das amostras pelso consumidores mediante teste afetivo. Observou-se que as águas-de-coco estavam sensorialmente descaracterizadas, apresentando sabores e aromas estranhos descritos como água tônica, ferrugem e pútrido, além de baixa aceitação. Tal resultado pode estar diretamente relacionado ao tipo de processamento aplicado ao produto, evidenciando a necessidade de rápida melhoria das linhas de processamento de água-de-coco

Avaliação de fatores de risco para detecção do câncer da próstata em biópsias transretais guiadas por ultrassom

O câncer da próstata representa a neoplasia maligna mais freqüentemente diagnosticada e representa a segunda causa de morte por câncer em homens americanos, acometendo 6% ou, um em cada 15 homens durantesua vida. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a freqüência de câncer da próstata em pacientes acompanhados no ambulatório de Urologia do Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal (HSPM), e a eficácia dos critérios utilizados para indicar biópsias guiadas por ultrassom

Avaliação de fatores de risco para detecção do câncer da próstata em biópsias transretais guiadas por ultrassom / Evaluation of risk factors for prostate cancer detection in biopsy guided by transrectal ultrasound

O câncer da próstata representa a neoplasia maligna mais freqüentemente diagnosticada e representa a segunda causa de morte por câncer em homens americanos, acometendo 6% ou, um em cada 15 homens durantesua vida. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a freqüência de câncer da próstata em pacientes acompanhados no ambulatório de Urologia do Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal (HSPM), e a eficácia dos critérios utilizados para indicar biópsias guiadas por ultrassom

Enfermeira: a construçäo de um modelo a partir do discurso médico / Nurse: a construction of a pattern based on the medical discorse

O objetivo é traçar um paralelo entre o conteúdo dos discursos médicos e o comportamento esperado e estereotipado das enfermeiras do início do século. É uma abordagem histórico-social que utilizou como fontes os discursos médicos e de enfermeiras proferidos nas escolas de enfermagem e de medicina. A análise dos discursos médicos comparada aos discursos das enfermeiras refletem a formaçäo de uma mentalidade intrinsicamente modelada e docilizada pelo poder médico que as desejava santa e subserviente.

Enfermeira: a construçäo de um modelo de comportamento a partir dos discursos médicos do início do século / Nurse: to construction of a behavior model based on the medical discourse of the beginning of the century

O objetivo é traçar um paralelo entre o conteúdo dos discursos médicos e o comportamento esperado e estereotipado das enfermeiras do início do século. É uma abordagem histórico-social que utilizou como fontes os discursos médicos e de enfermeiras proferidos nas escolas de enfermagem e de medicina. A análise dos discursos médicos comparada aos discursos das enfermeiras refletem a formaçäo de uma mentalidade intrinsecamente modelada e docilizada pelo poder médico que as desejava santas e subservientes.