Factors associated with sleep problems and sleeping pill use in Brazilians.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of sleep problems and sleeping pill use and associated factors in the Brazilian population. METHODS: This study was conducted with data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. Our sample consisted of 94,114 participants and the outcomes analyzed were sleep problems and sleeping pill use. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics were explored in a descriptive and multivariate analysis with Poisson regression, robust variance, and 5% significance. RESULTS: We found a 35.1% (95%CI: 34.5-35.7) and 8.5% (95%CI: 8.2-8.9) prevalence of sleep problems and sleeping pill use, respectively. Sleep problems were associated with women (PR = 1.41; 95%CI: 1.36-1.46), individuals who self-assess their health as regular/poor/very poor (PR = 1.56; 95%CI: 1.51-1.62), those with chronic diseases (PR = 1.70; 95%CI: 1.64-1.78), those who use alcohol excessively (PR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.09-1.20), and smokers (PR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.10-1.22). Sleeping pill use was associated with women (PR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.43-1.73), divorcees (PR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.30-1.65), urban denizens (PR = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.21-1.45) those who self-assess their health as regular/poor/very poor (PR = 1.79; 95%CI: 1.64-1.95), those with chronic diseases (PR = 4.07; 95%CI: 3.48-4.77), and smokers (PR = 1.49; IC95%: 1.33-1.67). CONCLUSION: This study found that the prevalence of sleep problems and sleeping pill use in Brazilians indicates the need for attention and sleep care for this population, especially in women and those with lifestyle and health conditions associated with the analyzed outcomes.

Social, Biological and Behavioral Factors Associated with Social Jet Lag and Sleep Duration in University Students from a Low Urbanized City.

INTRODUCTION: Sleep deprivation and social jet lag are observed in college students from highly urbanized cities. However, does these consequences also present in college students from a low urbanization city? OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and social, biological and behavioral factors associated with sleep deprivation and social jet lag in university students from a low urbanized city of Brazil. METHODS: A total of 298 university students participated in the study through application of the Health and Sleep and the Munich Chronotype Questionnaires. Multiple linear regression with stepwise-forward method was adopted to assess the associations of the factors with the outcome variables. RESULTS: Doing leisure activities (LA) (B = 23.24) and academic demand (AD) before bedtime (B = 19.51), both on the weekend, and doing household chores (HC) before bedtime (B = 17.61) in the week were associated with an increase in social jet lag, while stimulating drinks (SD) were associated with a decrease (B = -15.17). Shorter sleep duration in the week was related to chronotype (B = -0.56), male (B = -26.51), doing LA (B = -27.63), poor perception about sleeping place (PPSP) (B = -43.02) and daily commute (B = -68.97). The shorter sleep duration in the weekend was associated to male (B = -36.36), PPSP (B = -58.16), have recreational and religious activities (B = -31.11), doing LA (B = -25.10) and AD (B = -23.60). Just chronotype was associated with longer sleep duration in the weekend (B = 0.25). CONCLUSION: University students from a low urbanized city present social jet lag, shorter sleep duration on school days and longer sleep duration on free days as a result of biological and social factors, and mostly behavioral factors.

Factors associated with sleep problems and sleeping pill use in Brazilians / Fatores associados aos problemas de sono e ao uso de medicação para dormir em brasileiros

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of sleep problems and sleeping pill use and associated factors in the Brazilian population. METHODS This study was conducted with data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. Our sample consisted of 94,114 participants and the outcomes analyzed were sleep problems and sleeping pill use. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics were explored in a descriptive and multivariate analysis with Poisson regression, robust variance, and 5% significance. RESULTS We found a 35.1% (95%CI: 34.5-35.7) and 8.5% (95%CI: 8.2-8.9) prevalence of sleep problems and sleeping pill use, respectively. Sleep problems were associated with women (PR = 1.41; 95%CI: 1.36-1.46), individuals who self-assess their health as regular/poor/very poor (PR = 1.56; 95%CI: 1.51-1.62), those with chronic diseases (PR = 1.70; 95%CI: 1.64-1.78), those who use alcohol excessively (PR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.09-1.20), and smokers (PR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.10-1.22). Sleeping pill use was associated with women (PR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.43-1.73), divorcees (PR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.30-1.65), urban denizens (PR = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.21-1.45) those who self-assess their health as regular/poor/very poor (PR = 1.79; 95%CI: 1.64-1.95), those with chronic diseases (PR = 4.07; 95%CI: 3.48-4.77), and smokers (PR = 1.49; IC95%: 1.33-1.67). CONCLUSION This study found that the prevalence of sleep problems and sleeping pill use in Brazilians indicates the need for attention and sleep care for this population, especially in women and those with lifestyle and health conditions associated with the analyzed outcomes.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar a prevalência e fatores associados a problemas de sono e uso de medicamentos para dormir na população brasileira. MÉTODOS Estudo executado com os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde realizada no Brasil, nos anos de 2019 e 2020. A amostra foi composta por 94.114 participantes e os desfechos analisados foram problemas de sono e uso de medicamentos para dormir. Aspectos sociodemográficos, de estilo de vida e condições de saúde foram explorados em uma análise descritiva e multivariada, utilizando a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, considerando nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS As prevalências de problemas de sono e uso de medicamentos indutores do sono foram de 35,1% (IC95% 34,5-35,7) e 8,5% (IC95% 8,2-8,9), respectivamente. Os problemas de sono foram associados ao sexo feminino (RP = 1,41; IC95% 1,36-1,46), aos indivíduos que autoavaliam a saúde como regular/ruim/muito ruim (RP = 1,56; IC95% 1,51-1,62), aos que possuem alguma doença crônica (RP = 1,70; IC95% 1,64-1,78), aos que fazem uso excessivo de álcool (RP = 1,14; IC95% 1,09-1,20) e aos fumantes (RP = 1,16; IC95% 1,10-1,22). O uso de medicamentos para dormir foi associado ao sexo feminino (RP = 1,57; IC95% 1,43-1,73), a indivíduos divorciados (RP = 1,46; IC95% 1,30-1,65), aos que vivem no meio urbano (RP = 1,32; IC95% 1,21-1,45), que autoavaliam sua saúde como regular/ruim/muito ruim (RP = 1,79; IC95% 1,64-1,95), com diagnóstico de doença crônica (RP = 4,07; IC95% 3,48-4,77) e aos fumantes (RP = 1,49; IC95% 1,33-1,67). CONCLUSÃO As prevalências de problemas de sono e uso de medicamentos para dormir na população brasileira observadas neste estudo indicam a necessidade de atenção e cuidado com o sono dessa população, principalmente nas mulheres e aqueles que apresentam estilo de vida e condições de saúde que se associaram aos desfechos.

Sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in university students: prevalence and association with social determinants / Qualidade do sono e sonolência diurna em estudantes universitários: prevalência e associação com determinantes sociais

Abstract: Introduction: Changes in the Sleep/Wake Cycle (SWC) of university students can have consequences on physical, mental and social health. In addition, some behaviors adopted at this stage may be associated with SWC impairment. Objective: Therefore, this study aims to identify which factors of social determinants of health (SDH) are associated with poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in university students. Method: This is a cross-sectional study that included 298 university students, aged between 18 and 35 years; 73.2% of the students were females and from the countryside of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Data were collected from the following questionnaires: Health and Sleep, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. To assess the association of SDH with poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness, Poisson Regression with robust variance was performed. Result: The prevalence of poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness among the university students was 79.2% and 51.3%, respectively. Between the intermediate determinants of health, a higher prevalence rate of poor sleep quality was observed in students who reported health problems in the previous month (18.4%), smoked (23.5%), drank stimulating beverages close to bedtime (25.8%) and those who used electronic devices before bedtime during the week (18.4%) when compared to those who did not have these behaviors. Regarding excessive daytime sleepiness, students who justified bedtime during the week and wake-up time at the weekend because of the academic demand showed, respectively, 27% and 34% lower prevalence of EDS than the group that did not have these behaviors. Conclusions: The high prevalence of poor sleep quality and EDS observed among university students was associated to biological factors and most of them, behavioral factors.

Resumo: Introdução: As alterações no ciclo sono/vigília (CSV) dos jovens universitários podem acarretar consequências na saúde física, psíquica e social. Além disso, alguns comportamentos adotados nessa fase podem estar associados a comprometimento do CSV. Objetivo: Portanto, este estudo tem por objetivo identificar quais fatores dos determinantes sociais da saúde (DSS) estão associados à má qualidade do sono e à sonolência diurna excessiva (SDE) de universitários. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal que incluiu 298 universitários, com idade entre 18 e 35 anos, 73,2% dos estudantes do sexo feminino do interior do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados a partir dos seguintes questionários: A Saúde e o Sono, Questionário de Cronotipo de Munique, Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh e Escala de Sonolência de Epworth. Para avaliar a associação dos DSS com a má qualidade de sono e a SDE, realizou-se a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultado: A prevalência da má qualidade do sono e de SDE nos universitários foi de 79,2% e 51,3%, respectivamente. Entre os determinantes intermediários da saúde, observou-se maior razão de prevalência de má qualidade de sono nos estudantes que apresentaram problema de saúde no último mês (18,4%), fumavam (23,5%) e faziam uso de bebidas estimulantes próximo ao horário de dormir (25,8%), e naqueles que usavam eletrônicos antes do horário de dormir durante a semana (18,4%), quando comparados aos que não adotam esses comportamentos. Com relação à SDE, os estudantes que justificaram o horário de dormir na semana e de acordar no fim de semana por causa da demanda acadêmica apresentaram 27% e 34%, respectivamente, de menor prevalência de SDE do que o grupo que não adota esses comportamentos. Conclusão: As altas prevalências de má qualidade do sono e de SDE observadas nos universitários foram decorrentes de fatores biológicos e, em sua maioria, de fatores comportamentais.

Epidemiological profile of traumatic brain injury victims of a general hospital in a brazilian capital / Perfil epidemiológico de vítimas de traumatismo cranioencefálico de um hospital geral de uma capital brasileira

In Brazil, the accidents and urban violence, the external causes, build a public health problem that has taken big proportions and transcendence, with a big impact on the population's lives. In the set of injuries resulting from external causes, the Traumatic brain injury (TBI) stands out in terms of magnitude, both among dead and injured, being one of the most frequent injuries. Thus, it is important to know epidemiological profile of traumatic brain injury victims, local characteristics, in order to take more effective prevention actions based on this reality, since the primary causes of TBI can vary according to the people involved. The objective of this study was to know the epidemiological profile of traumatic brain injury victims, the type of causative event and the severity of the trauma. Exploratory, crosssectional, quantitative and descriptive research, conducted with 372 patients suffering from traumatic brain injury. Data were collected from form itself, semi-structured form, and analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 software. The research had the project approved by the Research Ethics Committee, CAAE 30487514.6.0000.5568. There was a predominance of males, aged 18-30 years. The cause of the most common brain injury was traffic accident with a prevalence of moderate traumatic brain injury. It is necessary to the development of preventive actions as well as the development of public policies that contribute to the reduction of morbidity and mortality from TEC and qualified assistance to victims.

No Brasil, os acidentes e a violência urbana, ou seja, as causas externas configuram um problema de saúde pública que tem tomado grandes proporções e transcendência, com forte impacto na vida da população. No conjunto de lesões decorrentes das causas externas, o Traumatismo Cranioencefálico (TCE) destaca-se em termos de magnitude, tanto entre mortos quanto em feridos, sendo uma das lesões mais frequentes. Assim, é de fundamental importância o conhecimento do perfil epidemiológico das vítimas das de traumatismo cranioencefálico, as características locais, para que sejam, então, adotadas medidas de prevenção mais efetivas baseadas nessa realidade, uma vez que as causas primárias do TCE variam de acordo com a população envolvida. O estudo pretende conhecer o perfil epidemiológico das vítimas de traumatismo cranioencefálico, o tipo de evento causador e a gravidade do trauma. Pesquisa exploratória, transversal, quantitativa e descritiva, realizada com 372 pacientes vítimas de traumatismo cranioencefálico. Os dados foram coletados a partir de formulário próprio, semiestruturado, e analisados por meio do software SPSS 20.0. A pesquisa teve o projeto aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, CAAE 30487514.6.0000.5568. Houve predomínio do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 18 a 30 anos. A causa do traumatismo cranioencefálico mais frequente foi a de acidentes de trânsito, havendo predomínio do traumatismo cranioencefálico moderado. Faz-se necessário o planejamento de ações preventivas, bem como o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas que contribuam com a diminuição da morbimortalidade por traumatismo cranioencefálico e com o atendimento qualificado às vítimas.