Influence of Binaural Beats Stimulation of Gamma Frequency over Memory Performance and EEG Spectral Density.

Similar to short-term memory, working memory cannot hold information for a long period of time. Studies have shown that binaural beats (BB) can stimulate the brain through sound, affecting working memory function. Although the literature is not conclusive regarding the effects of BB stimulation (stim) on memory, some studies have shown that gamma-BB stim (40 Hz) can increase attentional focusing and improve visual working memory. To better understand the relationship between BB stim and memory, we collected electroencephalographic data (EEG) from 30 subjects in 3 phases-a baseline, with gamma-BB stim, and control stim-in a rest state, with eyes closed, and while performing memory tasks. Both EEG data and memory task performance were analyzed. The results showed no significant changes in the memory task performance or the EEG data when comparing experimental and control conditions. We concluded that brain entrainment was not achieved with our parameters of gamma-BB stimulation when analyzing EEG power spectral density (PSD) and memory task performance. Hence, we suggest that other aspects of EEG data, such as connectivity and correlations with task performance, should also be analyzed for future studies.

Identification and Characterization of Short-Term Motor Patterns in Rest Tremor of Individuals with Parkinson's Disease.

(1) Background: The dynamics of hand tremors involve nonrandom and short-term motor patterns (STMPs). This study aimed to (i) identify STMPs in Parkinson's disease (PD) and physiological resting tremor and (ii) characterize STMPs by amplitude, persistence, and regularity. (2) Methods: This study included healthy (N = 12, 60.1 ± 5.9 years old) and PD (N = 14, 65 ± 11.54 years old) participants. The signals were collected using a triaxial gyroscope on the dorsal side of the hand during a resting condition. Data were preprocessed and seven features were extracted from each 1 s window with 50% overlap. The STMPs were identified using the clustering technique k-means applied to the data in the two-dimensional space given by t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE). The frequency, transition probability, and duration of the STMPs for each group were assessed. All STMP features were averaged across groups. (3) Results: Three STMPs were identified in tremor signals (p < 0.05). STMP 1 was prevalent in the healthy control (HC) subjects, STMP 2 in both groups, and STMP3 in PD. Only the coefficient of variation and complexity differed significantly between groups. (4) Conclusion: These results can help professionals characterize and evaluate tremor severity and treatment efficacy.

Prevalência de risco de síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono e fatores associados / Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome risk prevalence and associated factors in community-dwelling older adults

Objetivos: avaliar a prevalência do risco da Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono e seus fatores associados em idosos da comunidade atendidos em uma academia-escola universitária. Métodos: trata-se de estudo epidemiológico transversal, realizado com idosos participantes do Projeto da Terceira Idade da Universidade de Rio Verde, realizado entre abril e maio de 2019. A coleta de dados foi executada por meio da aplicação de questionário composto por avaliação sociodemográfica, antropométrica, das condições prévias de saúde, de autopercepção de saúde, de sonolência diurna excessiva, da qualidade do sono, além da avaliação de risco para desenvolver Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono. Resultados: entre os 75 indivíduos analisados, 50,7% apresentaram risco de Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono. Obesidade (p=0,001), aumento da circunferência de pescoço (p=0,004), baixo nível socioeconômico (p=0,034), baixa qualidade do sono (p=0,007) e sonolência diurna excessiva (p=0,006) apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com o diagnóstico da Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono. Conclusão: a maior parte dos indivíduos avaliados apresentou algum grau da Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono. Sugere-se que aqueles idosos que apresentaram algum dos fatores associados a esta condição possam passar por avaliação específica, como a polissonografia, e a criação de medidas para que a promoção da reduçã o de peso seja imediatamente instituída a fim de minimizar os riscos, a piora da síndrome bem como suas possíveis complicações.

Objectives: to evaluate the prevalence of the risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and its associated factors in elderly individuals from the community who attended a University School Academy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out with elderly participants of the Third Age Project at the University of Rio Verde, conducted between April and May 2019. Data collection was performed through the application of a questionnaire composed of sociodemographic, anthropometric assessment, previous health conditions, self-perception of health, excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep quality, in addition to risk assessment for developing Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Results: among the 75 individuals analyzed, 50.7% were at risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Obesity (p=0.001), increased neck circumference (p=0.004), low socioeconomic status (p=0.034), poor sleep quality (p=0.007), and excessive daytime sleepiness (p=0.006) were statistically associated with the diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Conclusion: most of the evaluated individuals presented some degree of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, it is suggested that those elderly individuals who presented any of the factors associated with this condition may undergo specific evaluation, such as polysomnography, and the creation of measures for weight reduction promotion is immediately instituted in order to minimize the risks, the worsening of the syndrome as well as its possible complications.

Qualidade do sono e fatores associados em idosos não-institucionalizados em Rio Verde, Goiás / Sleep quality and associated factors in a group of non-institutionalized elderly people in the city of Rio Verde, Goiás / Calidad del sueño y factores asociados en un grupo de ancianos no institucionalizados de la ciudad de Rio Verde, Goiás

RESUMO Objetivo:avaliar a qualidade do sono e os fatores associados em idosos não-institucionalizados em Rio Verde, Goiás. Método:estudo epidemiológico, transversal e de base populacional, realizado com idosos participantes do projeto da terceira idade, realizado pela Universidade de Rio Verde, entre abril e maio de 2019. A coleta de dados ocorreu com aplicação de três instrumentos, questionário com dados sociodemográficos, questionário de qualidade do sono de Pittsburgh e questionário internacional de atividade física. Para análise dos dados utilizou o teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: foram analisados 73 idosos, dentre os quais 67,1% apresentaram índices ruins de qualidade do sono. Ser do sexo feminino, solteiro ou viúvo, ter baixa escolaridade, não estar aposentado e não usar medicações para dormir apresentou associação significativamente relevante com a má qualidade do sono (p<0,05).Conclusão: grande parte dos idosos apresentaram má qualidade do sono. Isso indica a necessidade decriação de programas e medidas de promoção à saúde ao idoso que incluam rotinas e rituais de sono, técnicas alternativas de relaxamento, prática regular de atividade física, melhorias nas condições ambientais e aspectos sobre a higiene do sono.

ABSTRACTObjective:to evaluate sleep quality and associated factors in non-institutionalized elderly people in Rio Verde, Goiás. Method: epidemiological, cross-sectional, population-based study conducted with elderly participants of the Third Age Project, carried out by the University of Rio Verde, between April and May 2019. Data collection was carried out with the application of three instruments, a questionnaire with sociodemographic data, questionnaire of Pittsburgh sleep quality and the international physical activity questionnaire. For data analysis, the chi-square test was used. Results:73 elderly were analyzed, among which 67.1% had poor sleep quality indices. Being female, single or widowed, having a low level of education, not being retired and not using medications to sleep had a significantly relevant association with poor sleep quality (p<0.05). Conclusion:most of the elderly had poor sleep quality. This indicates the need to create health promotion programs and measures for the elderly that include sleep routines and rituals, alternative relaxation techniques, regular physical activity, improvements in environmental conditions and aspects of sleep hygiene.

RESUMEN Objetivo:evaluar la calidad del sueño y factores asociados en adultos mayores no institucionalizados de la ciudad de Rio Verde, Goiás. Método: estudio epidemiológico, transversal, poblacional realizado con adultos mayores participantes del proyecto tercera edad, realizado por la Universidad de Río Verde, entre abril y mayo de 2019. La recolección de datos se realizó con la aplicación de tres instrumentos, un cuestionario con datos sociodemográficos, cuestionario de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh y cuestionario internacional de actividad física. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados:analizaron 73 adultos mayores, de los cuales el 67,1% presentaba índices de mala calidad del sueño. Ser mujer, soltera o viuda, tener un bajo nivel educativo, no estar jubilado y no usar medicamentos para dormir tuvo una asociación significativamente relevante con la mala calidad del sueño (p <0,05). Conclusión:la mayoría de los adultos mayores tenían mala calidad del sueño. Esto indica la necesidad de crear programas y medidas de promoción de la salud para las personas mayores que incluyan rutinas y rituales del sueño, técnicas alternativas de relajación, actividad física regular, mejoras en las condiciones ambientales y aspectos de la higiene del sueño.

Prevalência e características da disfunção temporomandibular de pacientes de uma clínica escola de Odontologia / Prevalence and characteristics of temporomandibular dysfunction of patients in a Dentistry clinic-school

Objetivos: determinar a prevalência da disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) em pacientes de uma clínica escola de Odontologia, descrever o perfil epidemiológico da amostra analisada, caracterizar o grau dessas disfunções e identificar os sinais e sintomas orofaciais mais frequentes. Método: estudo epidemiológico, do tipo transversal, que avaliou pacientes da Clínica Escola de Odontologia da Universidade de Rio Verde, GO. A pesquisa foi realizada através de três questionários: Índice Anamnésico Simplificado de Fonseca (IASF), Questionário para Triagem para Dor Orofacial (QTDO), questionário sociodemográfico e econômico. Resultados: foram analisados 200 pacientes, dentre os quais 78,5% apresentaram algum grau de DTM, sendo o mais prevalente a DTM de leve intensidade, presente em 38% da amostra. Conclusão: nesse cenário, conclui- -se que a maioria dos participantes apresentou DTM, sendo que a intervenção multidisciplinar seria de suma relevância no tratamento, podendo oferecer uma abordagem mais completa e com melhores resultados.(AU)

Objectives: to determine the prevalence of TMD in patients at a dental school clinic, as well as describe its epidemiological profile for the evaluated sample, characterizing the degree of this dysfunction and identifying the most frequent orofacial signs and symptoms. Method: it is an epidemiological, cross-sectional study that evaluated patients at the School of Dentistry clinic, University of Rio Verde, GO, Brazil. The study was carried out using three questionnaires: Simplified Fonseca Anamnesis Index (SFAI), Orofacial Pain Screening Questionnaire (OPSQ), and the socio-demographic and economic questionnaire. Results: 200 patients were evaluated, among which 78.5% had some degree of TMD, the most prevalent being mild TMD, present in 38% of the sample. Conclusion: most participants had TMD, and multidisciplinary intervention would be of paramount importance in the treatment, being able to offer a more complete approach and with better results.(AU)