Improvement of motor function in mice after implantation of mononuclear stem cells from human umbilical cord and placenta blood after 3 and 6 weeks of experimental spinal cord injury.

STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study utilizing with a standardized model (MASCIS Impactor) of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in Balb C mouse model with implantation of mononuclear stem cells derived from the human umbilical cord and placenta blood in the early chronic phase of SCI. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the nerve regeneration and motor functional recovery in Balb C mice with surgically induced paraplegia in response to the use of mononuclear stem cells, in early chronic phase (> 2 weeks and < 6 months), because there is yet potential of neuronal and functional recovery as the neuronal scar is not still completely established. METHODS: Forty-eight mice were randomly assigned to 6 groups of 8 animals. Group 1 received the stem cells 3 weeks after the trauma, and Group 2 received them six weeks later. In Group 3, saline solution was injected at the site of the lesion 3 weeks after the trauma, and in Group 4, 6 weeks later. Group 5 underwent only spinal cord injury and Group 6 underwent laminectomy only. The scales used for motor assessment were BMS and MFS for 12 weeks. RESULTS: The intervention groups showed statistically significant motor improvement. In the histopathological analysis, the intervention groups had a lower degree of injury (p < 0.05). Regarding axonal budding, the intervention groups showed increasing in axonal budding in the caudal portion (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of stem cells in mice in the chronic phase after 3 and 6 weeks of SCI brings functional and histopathological benefits to them.

Clinical and radiological outcomes of the neuromuscular scoliosis treatment with s2-alar-iliac screw by intraoperative navigation / Resultados clínico-radiológicos do tratamento da escoliose neuromuscular com parafusos s2-alar-ilíaco guiados por navegação intraoperatória / Resultados clínico-radiológicos del tratamiento de la escoliosis neuromuscular con tornillos s2-alar-ilíacos guiados por navegación intraoperatoria

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the clinical and radiological aspects of the S2AI screw technique in patients with neuromuscular scoliosis undergoing deformity correction surgery by intraoperative navigation. Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients undergoing neuromuscular scoliosis correction surgery with the S2-alar-iliac technique between 2017-2020. Results: In the total sample of 35 patients, 18 (51.4%) were female, with an average age of 14.9. The average preoperative coronal curve was 100° ± 26.2, with an average correction of 55% ± 16.3, with an average coronal curve of 44.8°± 19.5 at the end of surgery and 45 ° ± 19.6 at the end of follow-up. The average preoperative pelvic obliquity was 27.9°± 10.9, with a correction rate of 66.1% ± 27.6, being 8.2° ± 5.4 at the end of surgery and 9 .4°± 7.0 at the end of the follow-up. The average of operated levels was 17.3± 0.7. All 70 S2 screws had a diameter of 7mm. The average duration of surgeries was 416 ± 86 minutes, with estimated intraoperative bleeding of 921 ± 394.1 ml. The average density of screws in the sample was 1.3 ± 0.2 screws per level, and the average density in the lumbosacral spine was 1.5 ± 0.2. Conclusions: Intraoperative navigation can contribute to the rate of complications related to the S2AI screw decrease; in addition, the length of this screw appears to have significant relevance in maintaining the correction throughout the follow-up. Level of evidence IV; Case series.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar os aspectos clínicos e radiológicos da técnica do parafuso S2AI em pacientes com escoliose neuromuscular submetidos à cirurgia de correção de deformidade com auxílio de navegação intraoperatória. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de prontuários de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de correção de escoliose neuromuscular com técnica S2-alar-ilíaco entre 2017-2020. Resultados: Do total da amostra de 35 pacientes, 18 (51,4%) eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 14,9. A média da curva coronal pré-operatória foi de 100° ± 26,2, com correção média de 55% ± 16,3, com uma média da curva coronal de 44,8°± 19,5 ao final da cirurgia e de 45° ± 19,6 ao final do seguimento. A obliquidade pélvica média pré-operatória foi de 27,9°± 10,9, com uma taxa de correção de 66,1% ± 27,6, sendo de 8,2° ± 5,4 ao final da cirurgia e de 9,4°± 7,0 ao final do seguimento. A média de níveis operados foi de 17,3± 0,7. Todos os 70 parafusos de S2 apresentavam diâmetro de 7mm. O tempo médio de duração das cirurgias foi 416 ± 86 minutos, com estimativa de sangramento intraoperatório de 921 ± 394,1 ml. A densidade média de parafusos da amostra foi de 1.3 ± 0.2 parafusos por nível e a densidade média na coluna lombossacra de 1,5 ± 0,2. Conclusões: A navegação intraoperatória pode contribuir com a diminuição da taxa de complicações relacionadas ao parafuso de S2AI, além disso, que o comprimento deste parafuso aparenta ter uma relevância significativa na manutenção da correção ao longo do seguimento. Nível de evidência IV; Série de casos.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Analizar los aspectos clínicos y radiológicos de la técnica del tornillo S2AI en pacientes con escoliosis neuromuscular sometidos a cirugía de corrección de deformidades con ayuda de navegación intraoperatoria. Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de historias clínicas de pacientes sometidos a cirugía de corrección de escoliosis neuromuscular con la técnica S2-alar-ilíaca entre 2017-2020. Resultados: De la muestra de 35 pacientes, 18 (51,4%) eran mujeres, con una edad media de 14,9 años. La curva coronal media preoperatoria fue 100° ± 26,2, con una corrección media del 55% ± 16,3, con una curva coronal media de 44,8° ± 19,5 al final de la cirugía y de 45° ± 19,6 al final del seguimiento. La oblicuidad pélvica preoperatoria media fue de 27,9° ± 10,9, con una tasa de corrección del 66,1% ± 27,6, siendo de 8,2° ± 5,4 al final de la cirugía y de 9,4°± 7,0 al final del seguimiento. El promedio de los niveles operados fue de 17,3± 0,7. Los 70 tornillos S2 tenían un diámetro de 7 mm. La duración promedio de las cirugías fue de 416 ± 86 minutos. Sangrado intraoperatorio estimado de 921 ± 394,1 ml. La densidad media de tornillos en la muestra fue 1,3 ± 0,2 tornillos por nivel y la densidad media en columna lumbosacra fue 1,5 ± 0,2. Conclusiones: La navegación intraoperatoria puede contribuir a la disminución de complicaciones relacionadas con el tornillo S2AI, además, la longitud de este tornillo parece tener una relevancia significativa en el mantenimiento de la corrección durante todo el seguimiento. Nivel de evidencia IV; Series de casos.

Comparison between start back screening tool and dram for detection of psychosocial factors in low back pain / Comparação entre start back screening tool e dram na detecção de fatores psicossociais em dor lombar / Comparación entre start back screening tool y dram en la detección de factores psicosociales en dolor lumbar

ABSTRACT Objective: To correlate the results of the STarT Back Screening Tool and DRAM questionnaires, applied simultaneously, in a population with low back pain. Methods: Comparative cross-sectional study with 84 participants with low back pain assessed by both STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST) and DRAM questionnaires. The degree of correlation between the two questionnaires was analyzed through the evaluation of individualized data and using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: According to the DRAM, 19% of the patients were classified as "normal", 32.1% as "at risk" and 48.8% as "distressed". According to SBST, 59.5% of patients were classified as "low risk", 31% as "medium risk" and 9.5% as "high risk". Applying the Spearman's coefficient to evaluate the degree of correlation between the two questionnaires, a value of 0.4 was obtained. This shows that there is a positive, but weak, correlation (p <0.001) between the two questionnaires. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the two questionnaires, but the DRAM showed a greater tendency to classify patients with some degree of psychological distress when compared to the SBST. Both questionnaires are effective in identifying these factors, but the data suggest that the DRAM may be more effective as a screening tool in patients with low back pain, in view of the higher number of patients identified. Level of evidence III; Diagnostic test study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Correlacionar os resultados dos questionários STarT Back Tool e DRAM, aplicados em um único tempo, a uma população com dor lombar. Métodos: Estudo transversal comparativo com 84 participantes portadores de dor lombar baixa submetidos aos questionários STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST) e DRAM. O grau de correlação entre os dois questionários foi analisado pela avaliação dos dados individualizados e do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Resultados: De acordo com o DRAM, 19% dos pacientes foram classificados como "normais", 32,1% "em risco" e 48,8% se enquadraram no subgrupo "distressed". De acordo com o SBST, 59,5% dos pacientes foram classificados como "baixo risco", 31% "risco médio" e 9,5% "alto risco". Ao aplicar o coeficiente de Spearman para avaliar o grau de correlação entre os dois questionários, foi obtido o valor de 0,4. Isso mostra que há uma correlação positiva entre os dois questionários, embora seja considerada correlação fraca (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Há uma correlação positiva entre os dois questionários, porém o DRAM mostrou tendência maior a identificar pacientes com algum grau de transtorno psíquico quando comparado com o SBST. Ambos os questionários são efetivos para identificar esses fatores, mas os dados sugerem que o DRAM talvez seja mais efetivo como ferramenta de triagem em pacientes com dor lombar baixa, em virtude do maior número de doentes identificados. Nível de evidência III; Estudo diagnóstico.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Correlacionar los resultados de los cuestionarios STarT Back Tool y DRAM, aplicados de una sola vez, en una población con dolor lumbar. Métodos: Estudio transversal comparativo con 84 participantes con dolor lumbar evaluados por los cuestionarios STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST) y DRAM. El grado de correlación entre los dos cuestionarios se analizó mediante la evaluación de datos individualizados y del coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: Según DRAM, el 19% de los pacientes fue clasificado como "normal", el 32,1% como " en riesgo" y el 48,8% se encuadró en el subgrupo "distressed". Según SBST, el 59,5% de los pacientes fue considerado como de "bajo riesgo", el 31% de "riesgo medio" y el 9,5% de "alto riesgo". Al aplicar el coeficiente de Spearman para evaluar el grado de correlación entre los dos cuestionarios, se obtuvo un valor de 0,4. Ello demuestra que existe una correlación positiva, pero débil (p <0,001) entre los dos cuestionarios. Conclusión: Existe una correlación positiva entre los dos cuestionarios, pero DRAM mostró una mayor tendencia a identificar pacientes con algún grado de trastorno psicológico en comparación con SBST. Ambos cuestionarios son eficaces para identificar estos factores, pero los datos sugieren que DRAM puede ser más eficaz como herramienta de detección en pacientes con dolor lumbar, debido al mayor número de pacientes identificados. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudio diagnóstico.

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome - An Uncommon Complication After Surgical Corrections of Spinal Deformities.

Vascular compression of the third part of the duodenum by the superior mesenteric artery results in an unusual occlusion of the duodenal transit known as superior mesenteric artery syndrome. This syndrome can occur after surgeries to correct spinal deformities in a rate ranging from 0.5% to 4.7%. It results from a positional alteration of the artery emergency point due to a change in trunk length after surgery. It is associated with risk factors such as low body mass index and weight loss. Patients usually present with intestinal occlusion, abdominal pain, nausea, bilious vomiting, and early satiety. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome must be recognized early to institute an adequate treatment, which can be clinical (with gastric tube for decompression and nutritional support) or require a surgical procedure. Secondary complications related to superior mesenteric artery syndrome include delayed surgical and nutritional recovery, healing problems, and prolonged hospitalization. The present study aims to report a case of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a patient with neuromuscular scoliosis secondary to a transverse myelitis who underwent surgical treatment for spinal deformity correction.

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome - An Uncommon Complication After Surgical Corrections of Spinal Deformities / Síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior - Uma complicação incomum após correções cirúrgicas de deformidades da coluna

Abstract Vascular compression of the third part of the duodenum by the superior mesenteric artery results in an unusual occlusion of the duodenal transit known as superior mesenteric artery syndrome. This syndrome can occur after surgeries to correct spinal deformities in a rate ranging from 0.5% to 4.7%. It results from a positional alteration of the artery emergency point due to a change in trunk length after surgery. It is associated with risk factors such as low body mass index and weight loss. Patients usually present with intestinal occlusion, abdominal pain, nausea, bilious vomiting, and early satiety. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome must be recognized early to institute an adequate treatment, which can be clinical (with gastric tube for decompression and nutritional support) or require a surgical procedure. Secondary complications related to superior mesenteric artery syndrome include delayed surgical and nutritional recovery, healing problems, and prolonged hospitalization. The present study aims to report a case of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a patient with neuromuscular scoliosis secondary to a transverse myelitis who underwent surgical treatment for spinal deformity correction.

Resumo A compressão vascular da terceira parte do duodeno pela artéria mesentérica superior resulta no desenvolvimento de uma condição incomum de oclusão do trânsito duodenal conhecida como síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior. Este fenômeno pode acontecer após cirurgias de correção de deformidades da coluna, e sua taxa de ocorrência é de 0,5 a 4,7% dos casos. Isso ocorre em virtude da alteração do posicionamento do ponto de emergência da artéria, decorrente da mudança do comprimento do tronco após a cirurgia, e está associado a fatores de risco, como baixo índice de massa corpórea e perda ponderal. Os pacientes costumam se apresentar com um quadro de oclusão intestinal, com dor abdominal, náusea, vômito bilioso e saciedade precoce. O reconhecimento desta condição é importante para instituir o tratamento adequado, que varia do tratamento clínico, com sondagem e descompressão gástrica associados a suporte nutricional; à necessidade de abordagem cirúrgica. Complicações secundárias relacionadas à síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior incluem: recuperação cirúrgica e nutricional retardadas, problemas com a cicatrização e hospitalização prolongada. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar um caso de síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior, ocorrido em um paciente com escoliose neuromuscular secundária a sequela de mielite transversa, submetido ao tratamento cirúrgico da deformidade da coluna.

Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation and Reliability of Brazilian portuguese version of the DRAM Questionnaire for Psychometric Evaluation in Low Back Pain.

Objective Based on studies regarding pain physiology and its relation to emotional distress conditions, psychological evaluation became essential to determine the most favorable patient profiles to distinct therapeutic approaches. The Distress Risk Assessment Method (DRAM) has been developed as a screening instrument for patients with lumbar pain, classifying them in subgroups as normal, at risk, distressed somatic and distressed depressive, based on the two components of DRAM scores (Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire [MSPQ] and Zung questionnaires). The objective of the present study is to translate and culturally adapt the DRAM to the Brazilian Portuguese language, and to determine the reliability of the final version. Methods As proposed by the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) method, a Brazilian Portuguese version of the DRAM has been applied to a sample of 85 individuals from 3 participant centers. Results The results confirmed the reliability and reproducibility of the DRAM in its Brazilian Portuguese final version: Cronbach alpha of 0.815 (MSPQ) and 0.794 (Zung) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.688 (MSPQ) and 0.659 (Zung). Conclusion The presented DRAM version in Brazilian Portuguese is reliable and is available to clinical practice use.

Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation and Reliability of Brazilian portuguese version of the DRAM Questionnaire for Psychometric Evaluation in Low Back Pain / Tradução, adaptação cultural e confiabilidade da versão em português brasileiro do questionário DRAM para avaliação psicométrica em dor lombar

Abstract Objective Based on studies regarding pain physiology and its relation to emotional distress conditions, psychological evaluation became essential to determine the most favorable patient profiles to distinct therapeutic approaches. The Distress Risk Assessment Method (DRAM) has been developed as a screening instrument for patients with lumbar pain, classifying them in subgroups as normal, at risk, distressed somatic and distressed depressive, based on the two components of DRAM scores (Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire [MSPQ] and Zung questionnaires). The objective of the present study is to translate and culturally adapt the DRAM to the Brazilian Portuguese language, and to determine the reliability of the final version. Methods As proposed by the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) method, a Brazilian Portuguese version of the DRAM has been applied to a sample of 85 individuals from 3 participant centers. Results The results confirmed the reliability and reproducibility of the DRAM in its Brazilian Portuguese final version: Cronbach alpha of 0.815 (MSPQ) and 0.794 (Zung) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.688 (MSPQ) and 0.659 (Zung). Conclusion The presented DRAM version in Brazilian Portuguese is reliable and is available to clinical practice use.

Resumo Objetivo A partir de estudos sobre a fisiologia da dor e suas relações com estados psicológicos, tornou-se essencial a avaliação psicológica dos indivíduos com quadros dolorosos, para selecionar os perfis mais favoráveis às diferentes formas de tratamento. O questionário Distress Risk Assessment Method (DRAM, na sigla em inglês) foi desenvolvido como instrumento de triagem para portadores de dor na coluna vertebral subclassificando os indivíduos em quatro grupos distintos (normal, sob risco, somático e depressivo), conforme a pontuação dos dois questionários que compõem o DRAM (Questionário Modificado de Percepção Somática [MSPQ, na sigla em inglês] e Zung). O objetivo do presente estudo é traduzir e adaptar o DRAM para o português brasileiro da versão original em inglês, além de analisar a confiabilidade da versão traduzida e adaptada. Método Segundo a metodologia International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA), consagrada em inúmeras publicações, foi desenvolvida uma versão em português brasileiro que foi aplicada a uma amostra de 85 indivíduos dos 3 centros participantes portadores de dor lombar. Resultados Os resultados comprovaram a confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade da versão traduzida e adaptada do questionário DRAM com índice de Cronbach alfa de 0,815 para o MSPQ e de 0,794 para o Zung, e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse de 0,688 para o MSPQ e de 0,659 para o Zung. Conclusão Tais dados permitiram concluir que a versão do questionário DRAM traduzida e adaptada culturalmente para o português brasileiro é confiável e está disponível para uso na prática clínica.

Complicated lumbar tuberculous spondylodiscitis in disseminated tuberculosis, treated using a non-conventional anterior support system for hydrostatic distraction: a case report / Tratamento de espondilodiscite lombar complicada em tuberculose disseminada com sistema hidrostático de distração lombar: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe a case of disseminated tuberculosis affecting the lumbar spine that was treated using a non-conventional anterior support system. Background: Tuberculous spondylodiscitis is the most common and most severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Although antibiotic therapy is the most frequently used treatment, surgery is necessary in cases of neurological deficit, spinal instability, significant deformity, severe sepsis, paravertebral and epidural abscesses or in cases wherein clinical treatment has failed. A surgical procedure is also indicated when a biopsy is required. With the development of new methods for reconstruction and fixation of the spine, complete debridement of the tuberculous foci has become an increasingly common approach, but there is a lack consensus on the best technique. Methods and results: The patient suffered from disseminated tuberculosis affecting the lumbar region of the spine, with an abscess in the psoas muscle. He underwent extensive debridement via both anterior and posterior approaches, using a non-conventional anterior support system that promotes hydrostatic distraction. Conclusions: Treatment using the hydrostatic distraction system was able to reestablish both the stability and anatomy of the lumbar curve. Level of evidence IV, Case report.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever um caso de tuberculose disseminada afetando a coluna lombar, tratada com um sistema de suporte anterior não convencional. Contexto: Espondilodiscite tuberculosa é a forma mais comum e mais grave de tuberculose extrapulmonar. Embora o principal tratamento seja a antibioticoterapia, o tratamento cirúrgico é importante em casos de déficit neurológico, instabilidade da coluna e deformidade significativa, sepse grave, abscessos paravertebrais ou peridurais ou em casos de falha do tratamento clínico. Cirurgia também é necessária quando há necessidade de biópsia. Com o desenvolvimento de novos métodos para a reconstrução e fixação da coluna, cada vez mais se faz o debridamento completo do foco da tuberculose vertebral, mas há falta de consenso sobre a melhor técnica. Métodos e Resultados: O paciente sofria de tuberculose disseminada afetando a coluna, na região lombar, com abscesso do músculo psoas. Foi tratado com extenso debridamento pelas vias anterior e posterior, usando um sistema não convencional de suporte anterior que promove distração hidrostática. Conclusões: O tratamento com o distrator hidrostático foi capaz de restabelecer a estabilidade e a anatomia da curva lombar. Nível de evidência IV, Relato de caso.

En bloc vertebrectomy for the treatment of spinal lesions. Five years of experience in a single institution: a case series.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to describe the experience of a Brazilian public university hospital regarding the treatment of metastatic or benign spine lesions with en bloc vertebrectomy of the thoracic and lumbar spines. METHODS: This study was a retrospective case series and included all medical records of patients with benign aggressive, primary malignant, or metastatic spine lesions who underwent en bloc vertebrectomy from 2010 to 2015. RESULTS: A total of 17 patients were included in the analysis. Most of them (71%) were indicated for surgery based on an oncologic resection for localized disease cure. Overall, 10 of the 17 patients (59%) underwent vertebrectomy via an isolated posterior approach using the technique described by Roy-Camille et al. and Tomita et al., while 7 patients (41%) underwent double approach surgeries. Of the 17 patients who underwent the en bloc resection, 8 are still alive and in the outpatient follow-up (47%), and almost all patients with metastatic lesions (8/9) died. The average survival time following the surgical procedure was 23.8 months. Considering the cases of metastatic lesions and the cases of localized disease (malignant or benign aggressive disease) separately, we observed an average survival time of 15 months and 47.6 months respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates and reinforces the reproducibility of the en bloc vertebrectomy technique described by Tomita et al.

Profile of spinal cord trauma victims treated at a reference unit in são paulo / Perfil das vítimas de trauma raquimedular atendidas em uma unidade de referência de são paulo / Perfil de las víctimas de trauma raquimedular atendidas en una unidad de referencia de são paulo

ABSTRACT Introduction: Spinal cord trauma (SCT) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. It affects different age groups, especially young adults who are victims of high-energy trauma. The most effective way to reduce the incidence of spinal cord trauma and its consequences is through preventive campaigns and control and surveillance measures through public agencies. The objective of this study is to outline the epidemiological profile of patients with spinal cord trauma attended at a tertiary care center in the city of São Paulo. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study performed at a reference center for the care of patients with spinal cord injury in the State of São Paulo. Data were collected from the medical records of patients with spinal cord trauma between 2012 and 2016. Results: Of the 515 patients with spinal trauma, 153 (29.7%) had spinal cord injury of which 131 (85.62%) were male, and 22 (14.37%) were female, in a ratio of approximately 6:1. The mean age was 39.45 years. The main cause of spinal cord trauma observed was the fall from heights, with 72 cases (47.05%), and 52.94% were classified as Frankel A. Conclusions: The results showed that the majority of the patients were young, economically active, with low educational level, exposed to accidents that could be largely avoided. Most of these patients also had severe disabling injuries, which usually bring considerable psychological sequelae and economic consequences to the individual and to society. Level of evidence: IV. Type of study: Case series.

RESUMO Introdução: O traumatismo raquimedular (TRM) é uma importante causa de morbi-mortalidade ao redor mundo. Acomete diferentes faixas etárias, principalmente os adultos jovens vítimas de trauma de alta energia. A forma mais eficaz de diminuir a incidência do traumatismo raquimedular e suas consequências é através de campanhas preventivas e medidas de controle e fiscalização através dos órgãos públicos. O objetivo deste estudo é traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes vítimas de traumatismo raquimedular, atendidos em um centro de atendimento terciário da cidade de São Paulo. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, transversal, realizado em um centro de referência de atendimento de pacientes vítimas de traumatismo raquimedular do estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram colhidos dos prontuários dos pacientes vítimas de traumatismo raquimedular entre os anos de 2012 a 2016. Resultados: Dos 515 pacientes vítimas de traumatismo da coluna espinhal, 153 (29,7%) apresentaram traumatismo raquimedular. 131 (85,62%) foram do sexo masculino, 22 (14,37%) foram pacientes do sexo feminino, em uma relação de aproximadamente 6:1. A média de idade foi de 39 a 45 anos. A principal causa de trauma raquimedular observada foi a queda de altura, com 72 casos (47,05%). 52,94% dos pacientes apresentaram-se em Frankel A. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos pacientes eram de jovens, economicamente ativos, com baixo nível educacional, expostos a acidentes que, em grande parte, poderiam ser evitados. A maioria destes pacientes também apresentou lesões graves, incapacitantes, que costumam trazer sequelas psíquicas e econômicas consideráveis para o indivíduo e para a sociedade. Nível de Evidência: IV. Tipo de estudo: Série de Casos.

RESUMEN Introducción: El trauma raquimedular (TRM) es una causa importante de morbidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo. Afecta a diferentes grupos de edad, especialmente los adultos jóvenes que son víctimas de traumas de alta energía. La forma más efectiva de reducir la incidencia de traumatismos de la médula espinal y sus consecuencias es a través de campañas de prevención y medidas de control y vigilancia de agencias públicas. El objetivo de este estudio es delinear el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes con trauma raquimedular atendidos en un centro de atención terciaria en la ciudad de São Paulo. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, transversal realizado en un centro de referencia para el cuidado de los pacientes con trauma raquimedular en el Estado de São Paulo. Los datos se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas de pacientes con traumatismo de la médula espinal entre 2012 y 2016. Resultados: De los 515 pacientes con trauma raquimedular, 153 (29,7%) tenían lesiones de la médula espinal, de los cuales 131 (85,62%) eran hombres y 22 (14,37%) eran mujeres, en una proporción de aproximadamente 6:1. La edad media fue de 39,45 años. La principal causa de trauma raquimedular fue la caída desde la altura, con 72 casos (47,05%), y el 52,94% se clasificó como Frankel A. Conclusiones: Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los pacientes eran jóvenes, económicamente activos, con un bajo nivel educativo, expuestos a accidentes que podrían evitarse en gran medida. La mayoría de estos pacientes también tenían lesiones incapacitantes severas, que a menudo traen secuelas psicológicas importantes y consecuencias económicas para el individuo y la sociedad. Nivel de evidencia: IV. Tipo de estudio: Serie de casos.

En bloc vertebrectomy for the treatment of spinal lesions. Five years of experience in a single institution: a case series

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to describe the experience of a Brazilian public university hospital regarding the treatment of metastatic or benign spine lesions with en bloc vertebrectomy of the thoracic and lumbar spines. METHODS: This study was a retrospective case series and included all medical records of patients with benign aggressive, primary malignant, or metastatic spine lesions who underwent en bloc vertebrectomy from 2010 to 2015. RESULTS: A total of 17 patients were included in the analysis. Most of them (71%) were indicated for surgery based on an oncologic resection for localized disease cure. Overall, 10 of the 17 patients (59%) underwent vertebrectomy via an isolated posterior approach using the technique described by Roy-Camille et al. and Tomita et al., while 7 patients (41%) underwent double approach surgeries. Of the 17 patients who underwent the en bloc resection, 8 are still alive and in the outpatient follow-up (47%), and almost all patients with metastatic lesions (8/9) died. The average survival time following the surgical procedure was 23.8 months. Considering the cases of metastatic lesions and the cases of localized disease (malignant or benign aggressive disease) separately, we observed an average survival time of 15 months and 47.6 months respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates and reinforces the reproducibility of the en bloc vertebrectomy technique described by Tomita et al.