Distinct Impact of Natural Sugars from Fruit Juices and Added Sugars on Caloric Intake, Body Weight, Glycaemia, Oxidative Stress and Glycation in Diabetic Rats.

Although fruit juices are a natural source of sugars, there is a controversy whether their sugar content has similar harmful effects as beverages' added-sugars. We aimed to study the role of fruit juice sugars in inducing overweight, hyperglycaemia, glycation and oxidative stress in normal and diabetic animal models. In diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, we compared the effects of four different fruit juices (4-weeks) with sugary solutions having a similar sugar profile and concentration. In vitro, the sugary solutions were more susceptible to AGE formation than fruit juices, also causing higher postprandial glycaemia and lower erythrocytes' antioxidant capacity in vivo (single intake). In GK rats, ad libitum fruit juice consumption (4-weeks) did not change body weight, glycaemia, oxidative stress nor glycation. Consumption of a matched volume of sugary solutions aggravated fasting glycaemia but had a moderate impact on caloric intake and oxidative stress/glycation markers in tissues of diabetic rats. Ad libitum availability of the same sugary solutions impaired energy balance regulation, leading to higher caloric intake than ad libitum fruit juices and controls, as well as weight gain, fasting hyperglycaemia, insulin intolerance and impaired oxidative stress/glycation markers in several tissues. We demonstrated the distinct role of sugars naturally present in fruit juices and added sugars in energy balance regulation, impairing oxidative stress, glycation and glucose metabolism in an animal model of type 2 diabetes.

Mortalidad perioperatoria y volumen quirúrgico de colecistectomías en el régimen contributivo en Colombia / Perioperative mortality and surgical volume of cholecystectomies inthe contributory regime in Colombia

Introducción. La patología biliar es una causa frecuente de intervención quirúrgica, pero en Colombia no se cuenta con datos oficiales de mortalidad ni volumen quirúrgico asociados a este procedimiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el volumen de colecistectomías y describir la tasa general de mortalidad perioperatoria en seis regiones geográficas del país, en el periodo de 2012 a 2016.Métodos. Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo que incluyó pacientes mayores de 18 años, afiliados al régimen contributivo de salud, llevados a colecistectomía. Se utilizó la base de datos de suficiencia de la Unidad de Pago por Capitación (UPC), la base de estadísticas vitales del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) y la del Sistema Integrado de Información de la Protección Social (SISPRO).Resultados. Durante el periodo de estudio, se realizaron 192.080 colecistectomías, lo que corresponde a 206 colecistectomías por 100.000 habitantes. Se encontró mayor volumen quirúrgico en personas entre los 65 y 80 años, en el sexo femenino y en la ciudad de Bogotá. La mortalidad perioperatoria encontrada correspondió al 0,6 %, siendo mayor en los pacientes de sexo masculino, de edad avanzada, en aquellos en quienes se practicó laparotomía y en los pacientes operados en la ciudad de Bogotá. Discusión. De acuerdo con los hallazgos, esta investigación puede servir de base para estudios posteriores, que muestren claramente las cifras oficiales de volumen quirúrgico y de mortalidad por colecistectomía en Colombia

Introduction. Biliary pathology is a frequent cause of surgical intervention, but in Colombia there are no official data on mortality or surgical volume associated with this procedure. The objective of this study is to determine the volume of cholecystectomies and to describe the general perioperative mortality rate in six geographic regions during the period from 2012 to 2016.Methods. Retrospective cohort study that included patients older than 18 years and affiliated to the contributory health regimen who underwent cholecystectomy. The sufficiency database of the Capitation Payment Unit (UPC), the vital statistics database of the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) and that of the Integrated Social Protection Information System (SISPRO) were used.Results. During the study period, 192,080 cholecystectomies were performed, corresponding to 206 cholecystectomies per 100,000 inhabitants. Higher surgical volume was found in people between 65 and 80 years old, in females and geographically in the city of Bogotá. The perioperative mortality found corresponded to 0.58%, being higher in elderly male patients, in those who underwent laparotomy and in patients operated on in the city of Bogotá.Discussions. According to the findings, these results can serve as the basis for subsequent studies that clearly show the official figures for surgical volume and mortality from cholecystectomy in Colombia

Depresión y funcionamiento familiar en adolescentes de un municipio de Quindío, Colombia / Depression and family functioning in adolescents from a municipality of Quindío, Colombia

RESUMEN Introducción: la depresión en los adolescentes se ha asociado con diferentes factores, aquellos de tipo familiar cobran cada vez mayor relevancia. En la región quindiana se conocen pocos estudios al respecto. Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre depresión y funcionamiento familiar en adolescentes escolarizados del municipio de Circasia, Quindío. Material y métodos: se contó con la participación de 240 adolescentes, hombres y mujeres, entre 15 y 19 años escolarizados en las instituciones educativas del municipio de Circasia, seleccionados a través de un muestreo aleatorio simple. Se aplicó el Inventario de Depresión de Beck, el APGAR familiar de Smilkstein y una encuesta para indagar datos sociodemográficos, familiares y de salud. Resultados: Se identificó algún nivel de depresión en el 45,8 por ciento de los participantes y disfuncionalidad familiar en el 46,3 por ciento. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre depresión moderada/grave y disfunción familiar leve y grave (p< 0,001). La depresión también se asoció con antecedentes personales y familiares de conducta suicida, relaciones familiares regulares o malas y conflictos familiares. Conclusiones: la disfunción familiar se asocia con síntomas depresivos moderados y graves en los adolescentes. Se requieren estudios posteriores que profundicen el análisis de diferentes variables familiares(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Depression in teenagers has been associated with different factors and those of familiar type are gaining greater relevance. Few research works on this topic are known in the department of Quindío. Objective: To analyze the association between depression and family functioning in schooled teenagers in the municipality of Circasia, Quindío. Material and Methods: A total of 240 male and female adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age who received schooling in Educational Institutions of that region were evaluated. They were selected through a simple random sampling. The Beck Depression Inventory, the Smilkstein, G family APGAR and a survey about sociodemographic, family and health data were applied. Results: Different depression levels were identified in 45,8 percent of the participants; family dysfunction was found in 46,3 percent of them. A statistically significant association between moderate and severe depression and mild and severe family dysfunction (p <0.001) was found. Depression was also associated with personal and family history of suicidal behavior, regular or poor family relationships, and family conflicts. Conclusions: Family dysfunction is associated with moderate and severe depressive symptoms in adolescents. Future research is needed to analyze different family variables(AU)

Polar substitutions in helix 3 of the prion protein produce transmembrane isoforms that disturb vesicle trafficking.

Prion diseases encompass a diverse group of neurodegenerative conditions characterized by the accumulation of misfolded prion protein (PrP) isoforms. Other conformational variants of PrP have also been proposed to contribute to neurotoxicity in prion diseases, including misfolded intermediates as well as cytosolic and transmembrane isoforms. To better understand PrP neurotoxicity, we analyzed the role of two highly conserved methionines in helix 3 on PrP biogenesis, folding and pathogenesis. Expression of the PrP-M205S and -M205,212S mutants in Drosophila led to hyperglycosylation, intracellular accumulation and widespread conformational changes due to failure of oxidative folding. Surprisingly, PrP-M205S and -M205,212S acquired a transmembrane topology (Ctm) previously linked to mutations in the signal peptide (SP) and the transmembrane domain (TMD). PrP-M205,212S also disrupted the accumulation of key neurodevelopmental proteins in lipid rafts, resulting in shortened axonal projections. These results uncover a new role for the hydrophobic domain in promoting oxidative folding and preventing the formation of neurotoxic Ctm PrP, mechanisms that may be relevant in the pathogenesis of both inherited and sporadic prion diseases.