Can prolonged P-R interval predict clinical outcomes in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome patients?

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to respond to clinical question, can prolonged P-R interval predict clinical outcomes in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome patients? METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on cardiac patients. All of the non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) including non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina patients included in the study. Then they divided into two groups: prolonged P-R interval and normal P-R interval. The patients who had a history of digoxin and calcium channel blocker use, using antiarrhythmic drugs, known valvular or congenital heart disease and connective tissue, unreadable P-R interval and cardiac block were excluded. Data were collected using the questionnaire consisted demographic data and clinical outcomes and a follow-up part was completed by one of the researchers. RESULTS: Finally, 248 patients completed the study. The results showed both of the two groups had significant differences in terms of the history of myocardial infarction (MI) (p = 0.018), the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.004), heart rate (p = 0.042), inverted T wave (p = 0.017), anterior ST- segment depression (p = 0.008), normal report of coronary angiography (CAG) (p = 0.003), three vessels disease (p = 0.043), left main lesion (p = 0.045) and SYNTAX score (p = 0.032) based on the CAG report. The results of six-month follow-up showed although, the frequency of ischemic stroke, coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiovascular death were higher in prolonged P-R interval groups. The chi-square test showed this difference was statistically non-significant (p > 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression model revealed non-significant relationships between prolonged P-R interval and SYNTAX score, significant CAD, three-vessel disease, inverted T wave, anterior ST depression, heart rate and HDL. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of our study the six-month follow-up showed non-significant outcomes. Further studies are recommended to assess the long-term outcomes.

Hypoxia-circular RNA crosstalk to promote breast cancer.

The expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), particularly HIF-1, plays a major role in the adaptation of solid tumors to hypoxic conditions. The activation of the HIF pathway results in an expression of genes involved in the promotion of cell growth, proliferation, vascularization, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Circular RNA (CircRNA) is considered as a major regulator of gene expression. CircRNAs could regulate the HIF-1 pathway in cancer cells. In addition, they might be regulated by the HIF-1 pathway to promote cancer progression. Therefore, the crosstalk between hypoxia and circRNA might be involved in the pathogenesis of cancers, including breast cancer. In this review, we discussed the function of HIF-related circRNAs in the progression, angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, and stemness maintenance of breast cancer. In addition, the correlation between HIF-related circRNAs and clinical features of breast cancer is reviewed.