Disability and COVID-19: ensuring no one is left behind.

The United Nations' Sustainable Development Agenda calls for targeted attention to the needs and rights of the most vulnerable populations to ensure a life of dignity and human security for all. In this paper, we argue that persons with disabilities are in a disproportionately vulnerable situation in public health emergencies. By using the example of Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), we explain why that is and call for the systematic consideration of the needs and rights of persons with disabilities during the response to the outbreak and during the recovery phase. Otherwise, equity will continue to be merely an aspiration during this COVID-19 emergency - as it will in future health emergencies.

[A tool for cross-cultural psychiatry research: a pilot study of adaptation of 12-item Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ-12) for Chinese population in Italy]. / Uno strumento per la ricerca transculturale in psichiatria: studio pilota sull'adattamento del Chinese Health Questionnaire a 12 item (CHQ-12) per i cinesi residenti in Italia.

INTRODUCTION: The Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ-12) is a research instrument, modeled after the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), aimed at assessing in a culturally appropriate way the psychological distress in Chinese-speaking populations. AIMS: The authors present the adaptation of a bilingual Chinese/Italian version of CHQ-12 suitable for Chinese population in Italy. METHODS: CHQ-12 text was first converted in simplified Chinese characters and adapted to the language spoken by Chinese living in Italy, then, following a "forward-backward" translation procedure an Italian version was obtained. Content equivalence was assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient between the Italian and Chinese version. The reliability was assessed by calculating test-retest stability and internal consistency. Validity was assessed using convergent validity. RESULTS: The content equivalence was high (intraclass correlation 0.99) and reliability analysis showed satisfactory results (Cronbach alpha for internal consistency 0.84, intraclass correlation for test-retest stability 0.87, Spearman rho for convergent validity 0.63). CONCLUSIONS: The bilingual Chinese/Italian version of CHQ-12 shows good reliability and validity and can be considered a suitable instrument for cross-cultural research on psychological distress in Chinese living in Italy.