Morphology and histology of the Anatolian bobcat (Lynx lynx) hard palate.

The aim of the research was to investigate the morphological and histological structure of the Anatolian bobcat (Lynx lynx) hard palate using light and scanning electron microscopy, in addition to gross examination. The Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Work (Sivas Branch) provided three female Anatolian bobcat cadavers. The Anatolian bobcat hard palate consists of a narrow, rough part in the rostral region (including the incisive papilla, palatine ridges, and palatine raphe) and a wide, smooth part in the caudal part region. The gross examination revealed that the incisive papilla is small and shaped like a carboy icon, the primary and secondary palatine ridges have a serrated appearance, and the palatine raphe forms a single longitudinal row of conical papillae and a single transverse row of conical papillae (in the transverse groove that separates the two palatine ridges). In addition, the microscopy examination revealed microplicae in the epithelium, as well as abundant connective-tissue bundles running in various directions in the lamina propria and submucosa layer. These adaptations of the hard palate structures may increase efficiency during ingestion and help direct food backwards. This is the first study to provide detailed morphological and histological descriptions of the Anatolian bobcat hard palate.

Morphological and Histological Study on the Foot Pads of the Anatolian Bobcat (Lynx lynx).

This study was conducted to reveal the morphometric and morphological features of foot pads in the Anatolian bobcat (Lynx lynx). To achieve this objective, dissection, histological, and radiography techniques were applied to two dead materials obtained from the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forest and Water Works Sivas Branch Manager. Digit I is radiographically rudimentary in the forepaw. The paws of the forelimb of the Anatolian bobcat have a carpal, a metacarpal, and four digital pads, while the hind feet have a metatarsal pad and four digital pads. The metacarpal pad is cone-like, while the metatarsal pad resembles a butterfly. The digital pads in the paws of the forelimb are longer and thinner than in the paws in the hind feet. The paws in both feet are situated as binary. Through histological examination, it was determined that the skin of the foot pads consists of epidermis, dermis, and pad cushion. The epidermis is subdivided into basal, spinous, granular, lucidum, and corneum layers. The dermis of each pad consists of papillar and reticular strata containing sweat glands, elastin, collagen, and reticular fibers. Anat Rec, 301:932-938, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The effects of endothelin antagonist BQ-610 on cerebral vascular wall following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral vasospasm.

Endothelin, a potent vasoconstrictor, has been found to increase in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and to play a major role in the development of cerebral vasospasm. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of endothelin-A antagonist BQ-610 in the experimentally performed cerebral vasospasm following SAH. Thirty New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups (each n = 10): group A, control group; Group B, SAH group; Group C, treatment (endothelin antagonist BQ-610 treated) group. In the study, the rabbits developed vasospasm after injection of intracisternal autolog blood into the cisterna magna. After cerebral vasospasm development, in group C, endothelin antagonist BQ-610 was injected intracisternally. Morphometrically, basilar artery lumen was constricted 25% and 62% compared to the control group (group A) in the endothelin treated group (group C) and the endothelin untreated group (group B), respectively. Histopathological findings of the basilar artery wall confirmed the therapeutic effect of endothelin antagonist in vasospasm development. Endothelin-A receptor antagonist BQ-610 has a therapeutic effect in the cerebral vasospasm following experimentally performed subarachnoid hemorrhage when used intracisternally.