Guided Genioplasty: Comparison between Conventional Technique and Customized Guided Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Genioplasty as an isolated surgical technique is a highly demanded procedure in the maxillofacial surgery area. Advances in facial reconstructive surgery have been associated with less morbidity and more predictable results. In this paper, "conventional" genioplasty and genioplasty by means of virtual surgical planning (VSP), CAD-CAM cutting guides, and patient custom-made plates are compared. METHODS: A descriptive observational study was designed and implemented, and 43 patients were treated, differentiating two groups according to the technique: 18 patients were treated by conventional surgery, and 25 patients were treated through virtual surgical planning (VSP), CAD-CAM cutting guides, STL models, and titanium patient-specific plates. RESULTS: The operation time ranged from 35 to 107 min. The mean operative time in the conventional group was 60.06 + 3.74 min.; in the custom treatment group it was 42.24 + 1.29 min (p < 0.001). The difference between planned and obtained chin changes in cases of advancement or retrusion was not statistically significant (p = 0.125; p = 0.216). In cases of chin rotation due to asymmetry, guided and personalized surgery was superior to conventional surgery (p < 0.01). The mean hospital stay was equal in both groups. A decrease in surgical complications was observed in the group undergoing VSP and customized treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-stage implementation of VSP with CAD-CAM cutting guides, STL models, and patient-specific plates increased the accuracy of the genioplasty surgery, particularly in cases of chin asymmetry, reducing operation time and potential complications.

Endoscopically Assisted Intraoral Coronoidectomy for Treatment of Coronoid Hyperplasia.

Hyperplasia of the coronoid process of the mandible is a rare condition defined as an abnormal and progressive elongation of the coronoid process (unilateral or bilateral). Jacob disease is the name given to a pseudo-joint formation between the coronoid process and the zygomatic bone. The main clinical finding is a progressive, painless difficulty in opening the mouth, due to contact of the coronoid process with the posterior surface of the zygomatic bone or the medial surface of the zygomatic arch. To restore the mouth opening in a stable manner, resection of the elongated coronoid process followed by physiotherapy is the only effective treatment. Surgery (coronoidetomy or coronoidectomy) can be performed through intraoral or extraoral access. Intraoral coronoidectomy is the best surgical choice for most of the cases. However, in some cases, the intraoral surgical field prevents an adequate visualization of the osteotomy line. The authors present 5 consecutive clinical cases of hyperplasia of the coronoid process treated with an endoscopically assisted coronoidectomy using ultrasound bone-cutting instruments.

Patient-specific profile guide in rhinoplasty.

The introduction of new technologies in the field of facial aesthetic surgery is leading to improvement in surgical intervention quality. In the field of rhinoplasty, the design of customized surgical guides for the patient helps to perform an intervention with greater precision according to the presurgical planning. We present our design and method of fabrication of surgical profile guides for patients undergoing rhinoplasty, with free software and mostly in-house design and fabrication. The entire design process takes less than an hour. We have found that designing the guide enhances the communication process with the patient, and using that guide improves the surgical result.

Septoplastia extracorpórea para la correción nasal en casos complejos. Resultados en 16 pacientes / Extracorporeal septoplasty for nasal correction in complex cases. Results in 16 patients

Objetivos. La desviación septal es una de las causas principales de insuficiencia respiratoria nasal y de asimetría nasal. La septorrinoplastia abierta o cerrada en ocasiones no logra buenos resultados, muchas veces por grave desviación de la parte anterior del septum nasal. Mostramos los resultados de la septoplastia extracorpórea para tratar casos difíciles de desviación septonasal. Pacientes y método. Se analizan 16 septoplastias extracorpóreas con rinoplastia abierta consecutivas. La técnica es la disección completa del septum cartilaginoso y óseo seguido de una resección septal completa y reconstrucción en la mesa de quirófano de un nuevo «strut» en forma de L. El «strut» es suturado en 3puntos: la zona K, los cartílagos nasales superiores y la espina nasal anterior. Cada caso individualizado precisa de maniobras complementarias de septorrinoplastia (reducción de dorso, osteotomías, puntoplastia, etc.). Revisamos las historias clínicas y las fotografías pre- y postoperatorias. Resultados. La principal indicación para la cirugía ha sido la secuela de un trauma nasal severo (9 casos), seguido de las secuelas de labio y paladar hendido (2 casos). Tres pacientes eran casos de rinoplastia secundaria (uno de ellos con cirugía ortognática, además). La fractura septal cartilaginosa conminuta fue el hallazgo intraoperatorio más frecuente. Todos los pacientes refieren una importante mejoría de su obstrucción nasal y percepción satisfactoria en su aspecto estético. Las fotografías muestras una importante mejoría de la simetría nasal y del aspecto estético general de la nariz. Conclusiones. La septoplastia extracorpórea es útil en casos difíciles de septorrinoplastia, con escasas complicaciones en nuestra serie (AU)

Objective. Septal deviation is one of the main causes of respiratory nasal insufficiency and external asymmetry. Septorhinoplasty, either open or closed, is sometimes unable to achieve good results, mostly due to a severe deviation of the anterior part of the septum. The results of extracorporeal septoplasty in the management of difficult cases of septonasal deviations are presented. Material and methods. An analysis was performed on 16 consecutive extracorporeal septoplasties. The technique consisted of a complete dissection of bony and cartilaginous septum, followed by complete septal resection and reconstruction «on the table» of a new anterior «L strut». This strut was then sutured to the K area, superior nasal cartilages, and anterior nasal spine. Other rhinoplasty steps were done as necessary. A review is presented of the clinical charts and pre- and post-surgical photographs. Results. Main indications for surgery have been a severely crooked nose (9 cases), followed by nasal sequelae of cleft lip and palate (2 cases). Three patients had a previous septorhinoplasty performed (one of them plus orthognathic surgery). Comminute cartilage fracture was the most common intra-operative finding. All patients have reported a significant relief of their nasal obstruction, and a clear improvement of their aesthetics. The photographs showed a significant improvement in nasal symmetry and enhancement of dorsal, tip, and columellar projection when indicated. Conclusions. Extracorporeal septoplasty is very useful in difficult cases of septorhinoplasty and has few complications. Technical details are described (AU)

Schwannoma del nervio facial intraparotídeo. Un dilema terapéutico / Intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma. A therapeutic dilemma

Los schwannomas del nervio facial intraparotídeos son tumores benignos poco frecuentes, suponiendo frecuentemente un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico. La mayoría de los pacientes presentan una masa parotídea asintomática y las pruebas de imagen y la punción con aguja fina no suelen ser concluyentes en el diagnóstico. Tras la revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso, pretendemos proporcionar cierta guía para el tratamiento de esta rara patología (AU)

Intraparotid schwannomas of the facial nerve are uncommon benign tumors that present a challenge in diagnosis and management. An asymptomatic parotid mass is the main clinical presentation, and image studies and fine-needle aspiration biopsy do not usually give a conclusive diagnosis. The main purpose of this study of a case report and a literature review is to provide some surgical guidance for the treatment of this rare pathology (AU)

Facial nerve reconstruction following radical parotidectomy and subtotal petrosectomy for advanced malignant parotid neoplasms.

INTRODUCTION: To describe the oncological management and functional outcome of patients with advanced parotid malignant tumors undergoing facial nerve reconstruction after radical parotidectomy and subtotal petrosectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A combined approach was used to treat advanced stage parotid malignancies with intrapetrous involvement of the facial nerve main trunk or abutment on the stylomastoid foramen. Patients underwent facial nerve rehabilitation with cable graft reconstruction or with static techniques. RESULTS: Six patients were included. All patients had Stage IV disease and underwent surgical treatment using a combined approach. Three patients underwent facial-nerve cable graft technique and three patients underwent static techniques to rehabilitate facial nerve function. Five patients received adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. The mean follow-up was 27.5 months, with a minimum of 7 months and a maximum of 8 years. Four patients remain disease-free, with an overall survival rate of 66%. Among the patients undergoing dynamic reconstruction, first signs of recovery were established at 6 months of follow-up. All patients achieved a House-Brackmann score of III-IV within the first two postoperative years. CONCLUSIONS: When possible, facial nerve grafting is the preferred method of facial nerve rehabilitation in an advanced stage parotid tumors. A multidisciplinary approach allows better functional and oncological outcomes.

Influence of acidic fibroblast growth factor on bone regeneration in experimental cranial defects using spongostan and Bio-Oss as protein carriers.

The objective of this study was to valuate 2 substances as potential carriers of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) in a rat craniectomy model: gelatin sponge (Spongostan; Ferrosan A/S, Søborg, Denmark) and natural bone mineral (Bio-Oss; Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhusen, Switzerland).Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. A 5-mm-diameter circular craniectomy was performed in the left parietal bone. Animals were divided into 6 experimental groups of 8 rats, each group receiving a different treatment: control (no substance added), Spongostan, Bio-Oss, FGF, FGF + Spongostan, and FGF + Bio-Oss. Animals were killed 12 weeks after surgery.Descriptive histology and stereology were used, the latter to measure the volumes of regenerated bone and Bio-Oss remaining in the defect. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences in bone regeneration between groups, and Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the volume of remaining Bio-Oss particles.Histologically, the control defects behaved like critical size defects, showing incomplete bone regeneration. Only the FGF + Spongostan group achieved nearly complete bone regeneration. Bio-Oss particles seemed to reduce centripetal bone regeneration. Spongostan by itself did not interfere with spontaneous bone healing.Stereologic measurements of the volume of new bone growth, measured in cubic millimeter, were as follows: control group, 3.86 ± 1.03; Bio-Oss, 2.26 ± 1.06; Spongostan, 3.00 ± 0.81; FGF, 3.99 ± 1.85; FGF + Bio-Oss, 3.02 ± 1.88; and FGF + Spongostan, 8.93 ± 1.28. Analysis of variance showed a statistically significant difference between the FGF + Spongostan group and the other groups (P < 0.001). Comparison among the other groups did not show significant differences.Fibroblast growth factor 1 with a Spongostan carrier has shown great efficacy for bone regeneration in cranial critical size defects in rats. Bio-Oss did not produce a regenerative effect, either alone or with FGF-1.

Transfusion Requirements in Microsurgical Reconstruction in Maxillofacial Surgery: Ethical and Legal Problems of Patients Who Are Jehovah's Witnesses.

Objective To study transfusion requirements in patients with cancer undergoing head and neck reconstructive surgery and to discuss surgical and anesthetic strategies to reduce blood loss when the patient is a Jehovah's Witness. Material and Methods A descriptive study to expose the percentage of blood transfusions performed in patients with cancer undergoing microsurgical reconstructions in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of the referred hospital in the past 9 years. Results Two hundred thirty-seven microsurgical reconstructions were performed in head and neck tumors between January 2001 and December 2009. Statistical analysis shows a significant decrease (p = 0.035) in the number of patients needing transfusions patients in recent years. Conclusions The treatment of patients who are Jehovah's Witnesses is an ethical and moral dilemma for the clinician and in particular for surgeons.

Le fort I osteotomy with bone grafts in preprosthetic surgery: technical note.

Background Being edentulous causes progressive bony resorption in maxillae, which can lead to altered maxillomandibular relationships. Discussion should consider Le Fort I osteotomy with inlay grafts for a better success rate. Thus, this article introduces a technical note in improving the success rate. Case Report The presented technical note permits transformation of the surgery in a conventional Le Fort I with a simple fixation not only of the grafts but also of the osteotomy. The surgical steps are explained as well as the follow-up results. Discussion Adding additional wire anchorage around bone grafts greatly improved our success rate and reduced our operative time. Bone grafting concurrently with Le Fort I osteotomy immediately improved the facial skeletal profile. Several in vitro studies have shown that galvanic corrosion does not play a significant role when combining stainless steel and titanium. Our novel technique is relatively simple and can be easily picked up by young surgeons.

Rhytidectomy approach for surgical treatment of branchial cyst.

Surgical treatment of benign diseases of the neck produces a cervicotomy scar. A modified rhytidectomy incision has been used since 2003 in our department in selected cases of parotid gland tumours. However, there is no mention in bibliography about using facelift approach for treatment of cervical diseases. We have operated on three patients with brachial cysts using this technique. We introduce a clinical case of a 28-year-old woman with a right cervical swelling at the level of the anterior side of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. This technique allows a wide surgical approach. There is no donor-site morbidity, minimum additional operating time, hidden scar and no extra cost, and patients are very satisfied with the results.

Long term results of reconstruction plates in lateral mandibular defects. Revision of nine cases.

OBJECTIVE: Although microsurgical bone transplant is still the gold standard, mandibular reconstruction plates (MRP) were for several years considered a fast and safe way to restore mandibular continuity without using a bone graft. New plate designs with locking screws have been recently introduced, and these may overcome some of the complications related to previous designs. We review the results of mandibular reconstruction plates in our institution from 1991 to 1995. METHODS: The records of nine cancer patients who underwent lateral mandibular resections (with preservation of both condyle and symphysis) followed by reconstruction with a mandibular reconstruction plate, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were treated between 1991 and 1995 with regular Synthes and Leibinger plates (without locking screws). Immediately after tumour resection, the bone defect was reconstructed with an MRP without bone grafting. Three cases required soft tissue coverage: two flaps and one buccal fat pad flap. RESULTS: There was immediate orocervical fistula in six cases, one of which required surgical closure; and late complications were common. One patient died due to distant metastasis 13 months after surgery without symptoms related to the plate. The remaining eight patients had their plates removed at between 9 and 52 months after reconstruction, due to screw loosening (four cases), plate exposure (one case), or both (three cases). CONCLUSION: Lateral mandibular reconstruction with non-locking screws and regular profile plates is no longer recommended. New plates with improved designs are currently available. Their low profile and locking screws are the usual characteristics of these new plates. More clinical experience is necessary before plate reconstruction can be recommended over microvascular bone transfer.

[Reconstruction of oral mucosa with a micro-vascularized fascia-cutaneous flap from the forearm]. / Reconstrucción de la mucosa yugal mediante colgajo microvascularizado fasciocutáneo antebraquial.

Epidermoid carcinoma of jugal mucosa is an aggressive tumor. Its treatment is based on broad excision and reconstruction in order to avoid fibrosis and restriction of mouth opening. Neck dissection and radiotherapy are indicated in selected cases. We display our experience with microvascularized flaps with the aim of preventing the flaws. We reconsider 8 patients (representing 10 flaps) handle in our Department. Besides we discuss other therapeutic alternatives after the growth's removal. The conclusion reached is that the mucovascularized forearm flaps give a great quantity of thin tissue and therefore so results to be the best option for the reconstruction of the jugal mucosa.

[Infiltrating lipomas of the face. Reporting five clinical cases]. / Lipomas faciales infiltrantes. Descripción de cinco casos clínicos.

Lipomas are benign tumors situated preferably on shallow areas of members and trunk, although they can be detected also on head and neck. Infiltrative lipomas subfasciae (intramuscular or intermuscular) are on the contrary rarities. Differential diagnosis with liposarcoma is important because both growths share the preferential those sites. Diagnosis rest upon clinical findings, biopsy with FNA, rounded off with TAC, MRI or ultrasounds, according to the lesion's site. Treatment of choice is surgical exeresis. We report 5 cases of infiltrative lipomas and analyze the diagnostic procedures and the treatment followed.