Comparison of zinc levels in the various biosubstrates of patients with unstable atherosclerotic plaque.

The article describes the content and comparative characteristics of zinc level in the hair, biopsies of carotid atherosclerotic plaques (AP) and serum in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. The highest concentration of zinc is found in hair compared to the AP and serum. Zinc levels is higher in AP than in the serum. It is noteworthy that the level of zinc in biopsies of unstable AP was lower compared to the level of zinc in hair.

Role of lungs in the hemostasis system (review of literature).

The lung tissue contains various hemostatic system elements, which can be released from the lungs, both under physiological and pathological conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the number of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in intensive care units worldwide. When the lungs are damaged, coagulation disorders are mediated by tissue factor (TF) - factor VIIa (F VIIa), and inhibition of this pathway completely eliminates intrapulmonary fibrin deposition. A tissue factor pathway inhibitor TFPI also contributes to pulmonary coagulationdisturbance in ARDS. Pulmonary coagulationdisturbance caused by pneumonia can worsen the damage to the lungs and thus contribute to the progression of the disease. Cytokines are the main linking factors between inflammation and changes in blood clotting and fibrinolysis. The sources of proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs are probably alveolar macrophages. The activation of alveolar macrophages occurs through the nuclear factor kappa-bi (NF-κB), which controls thetranscription of the expression of immune response genes, cell apoptosis, which leads to the development of inflammation and autoimmune diseases as a result of direct stimulation of TF activation. Conversely,coagulation itself can affect bronchoalveolar inflammation. Coagulation leads to the formation of proteases that interact with specific cellular receptors, activating intracellular signaling pathways. The use of anticoagulant therapy, which also has an anti-inflammatory effect, perhaps one of the therapeutic targets for coronavirus infection.The difficulty here is that it seems appropriate to study anticoagulant interventions' influence on clinically significant cardio-respiratory parameters.

[Biochemical markers of myocardium damage in children with cardiomyopathy.]

The article presents the results of studies of 104 patients with cardiomyopathy hospitalized in the cardiorheumatological departments of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics in Tashkent and the Republican Children's Multidisciplinary Medical Center of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. An analysis of the results of the study showed that in children with cardiomyopathy there is an increase in the level of tissue (LDH, CPK) and cardiospecific (CPK-MB) enzymes, regardless of the region of residence and the form of the disease, which indicate myocardial dysfunction. Therefore, these enzymes can be regarded as highly specific biochemical markers of myocardial damage, and an increase in their activity can be used as criteria for the diagnosis of heart disease. Of the biochemical parameters, a reliable prognostic criterion for the development and outcome of cardiomyopathy is a progressive increase in the level of endothelin with increasing duration of the disease.

[The detection of proteomic markers and immunologic profile and their relationship with metabolic parameters in patients with gout.]

The actual concept of gout comprises both traditional metabolic theory of disorder of purine metabolism and external medium impact and involvement of immune inflammatory, genetic and proteomic factors. The proteomic study of patients with tofus gout and patients with asymptomatic hyperiricosuria was carried out using technique of fluid chromatography with mass-spectrometry and immunologic profiling. The specific proteomic markers of gout such as circulating interleukin-8 (IL-8)/CXCL8 and associated heterodimeric complex of myeloid-bound proteins MRP8/MRP14 (kalgranulin A/B) were established. The positive correlation was established concerning shifting of metabolic indices - components of lipid spectrum and level of uric acid both in patients with tofus gout and in lesser degree in patients with asymptomatic hyperiricosuria. It is proposed to consider biomarkers IL-8 and MRP8/MRP14 as independent predictor of development of metabolic shifting and cardiovascular pathology in patients with gout.

[THE STATUS OF VITAMIN В UNDER DISEASES OF SMALL INTESTINE IN CHILDREN IN THE ZONE OF INCREASED SUN INSOLATION].

The study was carried out to trace clinical laboratory parallels between levels of vitamin D under diseases of small intestine in children. The examined sampling included 160 children aged from 6 months to 18 years with diseases of small intestine. The patients were separated to three groups: 60 children with celiac disease aged from 3-16 years; 60 children with chronic post-infectious enterocolitis aged from 2 to 12 years; 40 children with allergic enterocolitis aged from 6 months to 4 years. The control group consisted of 31 children, including 15 children aged from 6 months to 4 years and 16 children aged from 5 to 18 years. The standard clinical, para-clinical and instrumental techniques of investigation were applied to every nosology. To analyze status of vitamin В the levels of calcidiol and parathormone were determined. In the process of tracing clinical laboratory parallels between levels of vitamin D under diseases of small intestine in children high percentage of decreasing of vitamin D (96.9%) was detected, and at that in 100% under celiac disease and chronic post-infectious enterocolitis. The feedback was established between levels of vitamin D and levels of calcidiol and parathormone and also activity of alkaline phosphatase in all groups of patients though more evident in patients with celiac disease and chronic post-infectious enterocolitis. The low values of level of vitamin D were detected in all children with celiac disease and chronic post-infectious enterocolitis whereas only in 87% under allergic enterocolitis. The decreasing of level of vitamin D was accompanied by increasing of content of calcidiol and parathormone and activity of alkaline phosphatase at that the most high numbers are observed in patients with celiac disease and then chronic post-infectious enterocolitis and allergic enterocolitis.

[THE ANALYSIS OF ASSOCIATION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 AND TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE-1 WITH LEVEL OF ZINC IN DIFFERENT BIO SUBSTRATES IN PATIENTS WITH CAROTID STENOSIS].

The levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its tissue inhibitor-1 and also zinc in serum, hair and biopsy material of atherosclerosis plaques of carotid in patients with carotid stenosis. The analysis of association between these two indicators was implemented. The highest indicators of matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor-I and index matrix metalloproteinase-9/tissue inhibitor-1 in patients with carotid stenosis more than 50% were established. The negative correlation between zinc concentration in serum and thickness of complex intima-media of common carotid artery was established. The weak inverse correlation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 with zinc level in atherosclerosis plaques.

[Comparison of two phenotypic methods for detecting the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases by hospital Klebsiella pneumoniae strains].

In the period 2006-2008, the Republican Emergence Medical Care Center.isolated 2997 enterobacteria, 48.9% of which belonged to Klebsiella pneumoniae. Confirming phenotypic methods, such as double disk method (DDM) and double disk synergy test (DDST), were used to examine 64 K. pneumoniae strains that had been regarded as being suspected to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) during a preliminary screening. Of the 64 K. pneumoniae strains, 6 (9.4%) were unsusceptible to clavulanate and not referred to as ESBL producers and 5 (7.8%) were resistant to imipenem. DDM ranks below DDST as it (concurrently with DDST) yielded positive results only in 30 (51.7%) strains; 28 (48.3%) cultures were positive only with DDST - these strains were significantly more frequently resistant to three third-generation test cephalosporins during primary screening.

[The structural state of peripheral blood lymphocyte membranes in children with chronic hepatitis B].

The conformational structure of peripheral blood lymphocyte membranes was studied in children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). With moderate and severe CHB activities, an exacerbation is characterized by the higher microviscosity of all layers of membrane structures with a preponderance of impairments in the plasma membranes, which is important in the mechanisms of disease progression. The relationship of the change in microviscosity to the severity of the process suggests that this indicator might be used as a prognostic criterion.

[Clinical, biochemical and ultrasonic changes in the liver in small intestine enzymopathy in children]. / Kliniko-biokhimicheskie i ul'trazvukovye izmeneniia v pecheni pri énzimopatiiakh tonkoi kishki u detei.

We followed 70 patients, aged 1 to 11 years: 30 children had primary celiac enzymopathy (CE), the other had secondary fermentopathy represented by the celiac syndrome in 20 subjects and by the disaccharidase insufficiency syndrome (DIS) in another 30 subjects. Distinct disorders were registered in the liver and hepatobiliary system in children with enzymopathy variations of the small intestine (ESI). Despite a general identity of the clinical signs observed in ESI, the ultrasound signs of the fat hepatosis were more often the case in the celiac disease rather than in the celiac syndrome. The results should be considered in the rational diet- and drug therapy in children with the above pathology.

[Combined therapy of chronic hepatitis C in children with phosphogliv]. / Kombinirovannia terapiia khronicheskog virusnogo gepatita C u detei s ispol'zovaniem fosfogliva.

Two schemes of the treatment of chronic hepatitis C were compared. Each scheme included 40 medical treatment for 2 months. 22 patients received basic therapy including phosphogliv, 3-5 procedures of ultraviolet irradiation of blood (UVIB) and referon (the course was begun after the 2-nd procedure of UVIB). 18 patients received basic therapy with phosphogliv, UVIB and T-activin (the course also was begun after the second procedure of UVIB). The patients were observed for 9 months. An advantage of the combination of phosphogliv, UVIB and referon, providing a stable remission in 36.3% of the patients for 9 months was demonstrated.

[Clinico-laboratory parallels during celiac disease in children]. / Kliniko-laboratornye paralleli pri tseliakii u detei.

Forty-five patients with celiac disease and 73 with the celiakia syndrome were observed. The clinical picture was identical and was characterized by disordered intestinal absorption. Depression of T and B lymphocytes was typical of both forms of the disease. High values of antigliadin IgA and IgG correlated with the severity of atrophic processes in the small intestinal mucosa. Intestinal microflora was characterized by a decrease in the main defense flora and growth of hemolytical and lactonegative enterobacteria and Proteus. Hypocholesterolemia was characteristic of congenital and acquired celiakia. Hemoglobin and albumin levels were in direct correlation while growth deficiency and increment of glycemia were in inverse correlation in patients with celiac disease. The celiakia syndrome was characterized by an inverse correlation between the number of defecations and content of full-value E. coli, body weight deficit, and glucose tolerance test.

[Changes in the adenylate cyclase system of rat liver cells in acute experimental hepatitis and ways of correcting them]. / Izmeneniia adenilattsiklaznoi sistemy kletok pecheni krys pri ostrom éksperimental'nom gepatite i puti ikh korrektsii.

Impairments of the cAMP system in rat liver tissue are of importance in pathogenesis of acute heliotrin hepatitis. Such drugs as phosphatidylcholine, ecdystene, unithiol promote the impaired lipid environment restoration which makes it possible to normalize the adenylate cyclase system and cyclic nucleotides functions.

[The motor activity of the stomach after the distal transposition of the pancreatic duct]. / Motornaia deiatel'nost' zheludka posle distal'noi transpozitsii protoka podzheludochnoi zhelezy.

The stomach motility was quantitatively characterised during evacuation of acid and bicarbonate solution prior to and within 3 months after transposition of the pancreatic duct into the jejunum in dogs with fistulae. Pancreatic secret seems to play a major part in the systemic regulation of gastro-duodenal complex activity.

Disturbances in oxidative phosphorylation in the liver of rats with heliotrine-induced hepatitis and restoration by phosphatidylcholine and ATP.

Acute hepatitis induced by heliotrine is accompanied by uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in liver mitochondria. The rate of oxygen uptake during succinate oxidation increased in all metabolic states, while the respiratory control index decreased by 45% because of the greater increase in the respiration rate in state 4 by comparison with that in state 3. Heliotrine poisoning also halved the rate of oxygen uptake in rat liver homogenates in the presence of ascorbate and tetramethylene-p-phenylenediamine. This is indicative of a lowering of cytochrome oxidase activity and of energy metabolism disturbances in rat liver. Preparations of cotton phosphatidylcholine (PC), both purified and as ATP-containing complexes (PC+ATP), as well as ATP alone, reduced the metabolic disorders in liver mitochondria of rats with acute heliotrine-induced hepatitis. The therapeutic effect of these preparations consisted in the restoration of oxidative phosphorylation coupling and of the cytochrome oxidase activity. The effect of PC+ATP was much greater than either PC or ATP alone. In contrast, the commercial preparation, Essential, had no beneficial effect.

[The effect of distal transposition of the pancreatic duct on gastric motility]. / Vliianie distal'noi transpozitsii pankreaticheskogo protoka na motoriku zheludka.

The stomach motor activity activated by mashed meat and bread prior to and within 3 months after transposition of main pancreatic duct into the proximal portion of the jejunum, was studied in dogs with fistulae. The distal transposition of the pancreatic duct was found to reduce significantly the rate of the stomach contractions, to increase its tonus in later period and to be able to reduce the strength of the stomach contractions in delayed hours after feeding. The duodenal mechanisms of the regulation of the stomach motility were transformed in conditions of a distal shift of the pancreatic secret inflow into the intestine.

[Evacuatory activity and motor periodicity of the stomach after transposition of the pancreatic duct into the jejunum]. / Evakuatornaia deiatel'nost' i motornaia periodika zheludka posle transpozitsii protoka podzheludochnoiì zhelezy v toshchuiu kishku.

The transposition of the pancreatic duct into the jejunum accelerated the evacuation of acid solution from the stomach while decelerating that of bicarbonate solution. The motor periodicity of the stomach obviously changed, at that: the duration of working and resting phases, the rate and the strength of the stomach contractions. The data obtained suggest regulatory effects of the pancreatic juice from the duodenum upon the stomach motor-evacuatory activity.