RESUMEN
Over the last two decades, pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics have been increasingly used in clinical practice in Psychiatry due to the high variability regarding response and side effects of antipsychotic drugs. Specifically, long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics have different pharmacokinetic profile than oral formulations due to their sustained release characteristics. In addition, most of these drugs are metabolized by CYP2D6, whose interindividual genetic variability results in different metabolizer status and, consequently, into different plasma concentrations of the drugs. In this context, there is consistent evidence which supports the use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) along with pharmacogenetic tests to improve safety and efficacy of antipsychotic pharmacotherapy. This comprehensive review aims to compile all the available pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic data regarding the three major LAI atypical antipsychotics: risperidone, paliperidone and aripiprazole. On the one hand, CYP2D6 metabolizer status influences the pharmacokinetics of LAI aripiprazole, but this relation remains a matter of debate for LAI risperidone and LAI paliperidone. On the other hand, developed population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models showed the influence of body weight or administration site on the pharmacokinetics of these LAI antipsychotics. The combination of pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics (including popPK models) leads to a personalized antipsychotic therapy. In this sense, the optimization of these treatments improves the benefit-risk balance and, consequently, patients' quality of life.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus with characteristic of infecting the respiratory tract, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. The virus uses the ACE II receptors and the transmembrane protein TMPRSS2 initial step to enter the host cell, this contribution described different types of drug, to perform its inhibition in initial step adhesion. METHODOLOGY: Non-systematic review of articles with the help of preset keywords. RESULTS: In this review we will present drugs that inhibitors of this type of receptor therefore these drugs could be considered potential candidates to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2
INTRODUCCIÓN: La Enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, con característica de infectar el tracto respiratorio causando un síndrome respiratorio agudo como paso inicial para ingresar a la célula huésped el virus usa los receptores ACE II y la proteína transmembrana TMPRSS2 para causar la infección, Por lo que se ha descrito diferentes tipos de fármacos para realizar su inhibición en la adhesión del paso inicial. METODOLOGÍA: Revisión no sistemática de artículos con la ayuda de palabras clave preestablecidas. RESULTADOS: En esta revisión presentaremos fármacos que inhiben este tipo de receptor, por lo tanto, estos medicamentos podrían considerarse candidatos potenciales para mitigar la propagación del SARS-CoV-2
