RESUMEN
We performed multi-omic profiling of epidermal keratinocytes, precancerous actinic keratoses, and squamous cell carcinomas to understand the molecular transitions during skin carcinogenesis. Single-cell mutational analyses showed that most keratinocytes in normal skin had lower mutation burdens than melanocytes and fibroblasts, however keratinocytes with TP53 or NOTCH1 mutations had substantially higher mutation burdens, suggesting that these mutations prime keratinocytes for transformation by increasing their mutation rate. Mutational profiling and spatial transcriptomics on squamous cell carcinomas adjacent to actinic keratoses revealed TERT promoter and CDKN2A mutations emerging in actinic keratoses, whereas additional mutations inactivating ARID2 and activating the MAPK-pathway delineated the transition to squamous cell carcinomas. Spatial variation in gene expression patterns was common in both tumor and immune cells, with high expression of checkpoint molecules at the invasive front of tumors. In conclusion, this study documents key events during the evolution of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) transform how patients inform themselves. LLMs offer potential as educational tools, but their quality depends upon the information generated. Current literature examining AI as an informational tool in dermatology has been limited in evaluating AI's multifaceted roles and diversity of opinions. Here, we evaluate LLMs as a patient-educational tool for Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) in and out of the clinic utilizing an international expert panel. METHODS: The most common patient MMS questions were extracted from Google and transposed into two LLMs and Google's search engine. 15 MMS surgeons evaluated the generated responses, examining their appropriateness as a patient-facing informational platform, sufficiency of response in a clinical environment, and accuracy of content generated. Validated scales were employed to assess the comprehensibility of each response. RESULTS: The majority of reviewers deemed all LLM responses appropriate. 75% of responses were rated as mostly accurate or higher. ChatGPT had the highest mean accuracy. The majority of the panel deemed 33% of responses sufficient for clinical practice. The mean comprehensibility scores for all platforms indicated a required 10th-grade reading level. CONCLUSIONS: LLM-generated responses were rated as appropriate patient informational sources and mostly accurate in their content. However, these platforms may not provide sufficient information to function in a clinical environment, and complex comprehensibility may represent a barrier to utilization. As the popularity of these platforms increases, it is important for dermatologists to be aware of these limitations.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Adjuvant radiation therapy (ART) for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is recommended based on a number of wide-ranging clinicopathologic features, which encompass a broad array of patients. The 40-gene expression profile (GEP) test classifies cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma tumors into low (class 1), higher (class 2A), or highest (class 2B) risk of nodal and/or distant metastasis. This study's hypotheses are as follows: (1) local recurrence is associated with metastatic disease progression and (2) 40-GEP, by identifying high risk for metastasis, could predict a metastasis-specific benefit from ART. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Samples were obtained from 920 patients (ART-untreated: 496 class 1, 335 class 2A, and 33 class 2B; ART-treated: 11 class 1, 35 class 2A, and 10 class 2B) who were matched on clinical risk factors and stratified by ART status to create 49 matched patient strata. To control for the variety of characteristics and treatment selection bias, randomly sampled pairs of matched ART and non-ART patients comprising 10,000 resampled cohorts were each analyzed for 5-year metastasis-free survival and predicted time to metastatic event. RESULTS: Of 96 patients experiencing local recurrence, 56.3% experienced metastasis; of those experiencing both, 88.9% experienced local recurrence before (75.9%) or concurrently (13.0%) with metastasis. After matching for clinicopathologic risk, median 5-year disease progression rates for resampled cohorts demonstrated approximately 50% improvement for class 2B ART-treated compared with ART-untreated cohorts. ART-treated class 2B cohorts had a 5-fold delay in predicted time to metastatic event and deceleration of disease progression compared with ART-untreated cohorts (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, P < .01); this was not observed for patients with class 1 or 2A cSCC (P > .05 for each). No risk factor or staging system combined with ART status identified groups that would benefit from ART as well as 40-GEP. CONCLUSIONS: Forty-GEP identifies patients at the highest risk of nodal/distant metastasis who may derive the greatest benefit from ART, as well as patients who may have clinical indications for ART but are at low risk of metastasis. Compared with current guidelines, 40-GEP could provide greater specificity concerning the benefit of ART in individual patients.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Locally advanced, unresectable basal cell carcinoma (LA BCC) can be treated with radiation therapy (RT), but locoregional control (LRC) rates are unsatisfactory. Vismodegib is a hedgehog pathway inhibitor (HPI) active in BCC that may radiosensitize BCC. We evaluated the combination of vismodegib and RT for patients with LA BCC. METHODS: In this multicenter, single-arm, phase II study, patients with unresectable LA BCC received 12 weeks of induction vismodegib, followed by 7 weeks of concurrent vismodegib and RT. The primary end point was LRC rate at 1 year after the end of treatment. Secondary end points included objective response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), safety, and patient-reported quality of life (PRQOL). RESULTS: Twenty-four patients received vismodegib; five were unable to complete 12 weeks of induction therapy. LRC was achieved in 91% (95% CI, 68 to 98) of patients at 1 year. The response rate was 63% (95% CI, 38 to 84) after induction vismodegib and 83% (95% CI, 59 to 96) after concurrent vismodegib and RT. With a median follow-up of 5.7 years, 1-year PFS and OS rates were 100% and 96%, and at 5 years PFS and OS rates were 78% and 83%, respectively. Distant metastasis or BCC-related death has not been observed. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were dysgeusia, fatigue, and myalgias occurring in 83%, 75%, and 75% of patients. No grade 4 to 5 treatment-related AEs occurred. PRQOL demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in all subscales, with emotions and functioning improvements persisting for a year after the end of treatment. CONCLUSION: In patients with unresectable LA BCC, the combination of vismodegib and RT yielded high rates of LRC and PFS and durable improvements in PRQOL.
Asunto(s)
Anilidas , Carcinoma Basocelular , Piridinas , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Anilidas/uso terapéutico , Anilidas/efectos adversos , Anilidas/administración & dosificación , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Piridinas/efectos adversos , Piridinas/administración & dosificación , Carcinoma Basocelular/patología , Carcinoma Basocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Masculino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Cutáneas/mortalidad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Calidad de Vida , Adulto , Quimioradioterapia/efectos adversos , Supervivencia sin ProgresiónRESUMEN
Early identification and intervention in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) who are at high risk for metastasis is important for optimal outcomes. Prognostic tools (e.g., American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition [AJCC-8]) and management guidelines (National Comprehensive Cancer Network® [NCCN]) are useful in helping to identify high-risk patients with cSCC who might benefit from adjuvant therapies, such as radiation and/or immunotherapies; however, traditional staging and management guidelines rely on clinicopathologic risk factors to predict risk, which limits their prognostic accuracy. Gene expression profiling (GEP) is a clinically available, objective metric that can be used in conjunction with traditional clinicopathological staging to help clinicians stratify risk in patients with cSCC. The validated 40-GEP test can accurately classify patients with at least one high-risk feature as being at low (Class 1), higher (Class 2A), or highest (Class 2B) biological risk of nodal or distant metastasis within three years of diagnosis. A multidisciplinary panel comprising radiation oncologists and dermatologists/Mohs micrographic surgeons with expertise in cSCC management convened in June 2023 to discuss the utility of 40-GEP testing in cSCC clinical decision-making in regard to adjuvant radiation therapy (ART). The panel identified gaps in clinical practice in which 40-GEP testing has particular utility: in escalation of care for lower-stage patients with high-risk tumors; in de-escalation of care for patients for whom the risks of ART may outweigh the benefits; and in decision-making regarding elective radiation to the nodal basin. The expert panel developed a risk-based clinical workflow for ART in patients with cSCC, utilizing 40-GEP testing within NCCN management guidelines and AJCC-8 staging.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The validated 40-gene expression profile (40-GEP) test independently stratifies risk of regional or distant metastasis for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) tumors with high-risk clinicopathologic features. This study evaluated the stratification of risk by the 40-GEP test in a large cohort of tumors with one or more high-risk factors and in clinically relevant subgroups, including tumors within National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) high- and very-high-risk groups, lower-stage BWH T1 and T2a tumors, and patients > 65 years old. METHODS: This multicenter (n = 58) performance study of the 40-GEP included 897 patients. Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to assess risk stratification profiles for 40-GEP Class 1 (low), Class 2A (higher) and Class 2B (highest) risk groups, while nested Cox regression models were used to compare risk prediction of clinicopathologic risk classification systems versus risk classification systems in combination with 40-GEP. RESULTS: Patients classified as 40-GEP Class 1, Class 2A, or Class 2B had significantly different metastatic risk profiles (p < 0.0001). Integrating 40-GEP results into models with individual clinicopathologic risk factors or risk classification systems (Brigham and Women's Hospital, American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual, 8th Edition) and NCCN demonstrated significant improvement in accuracy for prediction of metastatic events (ANOVA for model deviance, p < 0.0001 for all models). CONCLUSION: The 40-GEP test demonstrates accurate, independent, clinically actionable stratification of metastatic risk and improves predictive accuracy when integrated into risk classification systems. The improved accuracy of risk assessment when including tumor biology via the 40-GEP test ensures more risk-aligned, personalized patient management decisions.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Amid a movement toward value-based healthcare, increasing emphasis has been placed on outcomes and cost of medical services. To define and demonstrate the quality of services provided by Mohs surgeons, it is important to identify and understand the key aspects of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) that contribute to excellence in patient care. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to develop and identify a comprehensive list of metrics in an initial effort to define excellence in MMS. METHODS: Mohs surgeons participated in a modified Delphi process to reach a consensus on a list of metrics. Patients were administered surveys to gather patient perspectives. RESULTS: Twenty-four of the original 66 metrics met final inclusion criteria. Broad support for the initiative was obtained through physician feedback. LIMITATIONS: Limitations of this study include attrition bias across survey rounds and participation at the consensus meeting. Furthermore, the list of metrics is based on expert consensus instead of quality evidence-based outcomes. CONCLUSION: With the goal of identifying metrics that demonstrate excellence in performance of MMS, this initial effort has shown that Mohs surgeons and patients have unique perspectives and can be engaged in a data-driven approach to help define excellence in the field of MMS.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Cutáneas , Cirujanos , Humanos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/cirugía , Cirugía de Mohs , Consenso , BenchmarkingRESUMEN
The risk of skin cancer in persons living with HIV (PLWH) is an evolving subject area shaped by the use of antiretroviral therapy. Keratinocyte carcinomas, including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, have a high incidence in the general population as well as in PLWH. PLWH may have a higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma when compared to the general population. In addition, Merkel cell carcinoma and sebaceous carcinoma exhibit higher incidence rates in PLWH. Data on melanoma risk are varied. Risks of skin cancer may be influenced by vigilant surveillance, photosensitivity, and immune status. Screening for skin cancer is generally recommended, although national guidelines vary in specific recommendations. Treatments range from topical therapies to surgeries to immune checkpoint inhibitors, with Mohs micrographic surgery playing an important role. Data on immune checkpoint inhibitors suggest safe and efficacious use in PLWH, although larger trials are warranted. The dynamic interplay among HIV, antiretroviral use and immunosuppression, and the risk and treatment of skin cancer underscores the importance of rigorous research studies and screening and treatment guidelines specific to this population.
RESUMEN
The molecular basis of disease progression from UV-induced precancerous actinic keratosis (AK) to malignant invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and potentially lethal metastatic disease remains unclear. DNA sequencing studies have revealed a massive mutational burden but have yet to illuminate mechanisms of disease progression. Here we perform RNAseq transcriptomic profiling of 110 patient samples representing normal sun-exposed skin, AK, primary and metastatic cSCC and reveal a disease continuum from a differentiated to a progenitor-like state. This is accompanied by the orchestrated suppression of master regulators of epidermal differentiation, dynamic modulation of the epidermal differentiation complex, remodelling of the immune landscape and an increase in the preponderance of tumour specific keratinocytes. Comparative systems analysis of human cSCC coupled with the generation of genetically engineered murine models reveal that combinatorial sequential inactivation of the tumour suppressor genes Tgfbr2, Trp53, and Notch1 coupled with activation of Ras signalling progressively drives cSCC progression along a differentiated to progenitor axis. Taken together we provide a comprehensive map of the cSCC disease continuum and reveal potentially actionable events that promote and accompany disease progression.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Queratosis Actínica , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genética , Diferenciación Celular , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Perfilación de la Expresión GénicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Over 50% of newly diagnosed cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) lesions occur in the head and neck (cSCC-HN), and metastasis to nodal basins in this region further complicates surgical and adjuvant treatment. The current study addressed whether the 40-gene expression profile (40-GEP) test can predict metastatic risk in cSCC-HN with improved accuracy and provide independent prognostic value to complement current risk assessment methods. STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter, retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary tumor tissue and associated clinical data from patients with cSCC-HN (n = 278) were collected from 33 independent centers. Samples were analyzed via the 40-GEP test. Cases were staged per American Joint Committee on Cancer, Eighth Edition (AJCC8) and Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) criteria after comprehensive medical record and pathology report review. Metastasis-free survival (MFS) rates were determined, and risk factors were analyzed via Cox regression. RESULTS: The 40-GEP test classified the cohort into low (Class 1, n = 126; 45.3%), moderate (Class 2A, n = 134; 48.2%), and high (Class 2B, n = 18; 6.5%) metastatic risk at 3 years postdiagnosis. Regional/distant metastasis occurred in 54 patients (19.4%). MFS rates were 92.1% (Class 1), 76.1% (Class 2A), and 44.4% (Class 2B; p < .0001). Multivariate analysis of 40-GEP results with AJCC8 or BWH tumor stage, or clinicopathologic risk factors, demonstrated independent prognostic value of the 40-GEP test (p < .03). Accuracy of predicting metastatic risk was also improved using 40-GEP classification (p < .02). CONCLUSIONS: Improved metastatic risk stratification through the 40-GEP test could complement cSCC-HN risk assessment for better-informed decision-making for treatment and surveillance and ultimately improve patient outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.
RESUMEN
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer, and the number of deaths due to cSCC is estimated to be greater than the number attributed to melanoma. While the majority of cSCC tumors are resectable with clear margins by standard excision practices, some lesions exhibit high-risk factors for which there is evidence of their association with recurrence, metastasis, and disease-specific death. The most commonly used staging systems and guidelines in the USA for cSCC are based on these clinical and pathologic high-risk factors; however, these are limited in their ability to predict adverse events, thus posing a challenge for implementing risk-directed patient management. Since the development of local recurrence and/or metastasis has a profound impact on the survival of patients with cSCC, accurate identification of patients at high risk for poor outcomes is critical, potentially allowing for early and appropriate adjuvant therapy. This review summarizes the current cSCC literature with a focus on how differing clinical assessments within each of the five selected risk factors (perineural invasion, differentiation, depth of invasion, size, and location) can influence the evaluation of patient outcomes, along with summarizing the utility of staging and guidelines, and highlighting the potential for molecular tools to improve upon cSCC risk assessment.
RESUMEN
Aim: To clinically validate the 40-gene expression profile (40-GEP) test for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma patients and evaluate coupling the test with individual clinicopathologic risk factor-based assessment methods. Patients & methods: In a 33-site study, primary tumors with known patient outcomes were assessed under clinical testing conditions (n = 420). The 40-GEP results were integrated with clinicopathologic risk factors. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed for metastasis. Results: The 40-GEP test demonstrated significant prognostic value. Risk classification was improved via integration of 40-GEP results with clinicopathologic risk factor-based assessment, with metastasis rates near the general cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma population for class 1 and ≥50% for class 2B. Conclusion: Combining molecular profiling with clinicopathologic risk factor assessment enhances stratification of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma patients and may inform decision-making for risk-appropriate management strategies.
Plain language summary Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a common skin cancer, with approximately 2 million cases diagnosed each year in the USA. Because substantial numbers of patients experience metastasis, which can result in death, accurate metastatic risk assessment is important. Clinicians use clinicopathologic factors to determine risk for disease progression. However, traditional methods miss pinpointing many patients who experience metastasis and sometimes categorize patients as at risk who do not develop metastasis, indicating that additional tools are needed. A molecular test, the 40-gene expression profile (40-GEP), was developed to predict metastatic risk based on the biology of the tumor. This study demonstrates that the 40-GEP, either as an independent tool or together with traditional methods, accurately identifies patients' risk of metastasis. Using the 40-GEP could improve patient management to improve patient outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Factores de Riesgo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To quantify the degree of color match achieved during microvascular facial reconstruction, and to describe a novel technique for improving reconstructive skin color match. We hypothesize that split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) placed atop de-epithelialized free tissue produces better facial skin color match than free tissue with intact epithelium. STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional photographic study of reconstructed facial skin color match. METHODS: Sixty-eight adults, who underwent head and neck reconstructive surgery, were divided into six categories based on cutaneous reconstructive technique: cervicofacial flap, radial forearm free flap (RFFF), fibula free flap, anterolateral thigh free flap (ALT), STSG over adiopofascial flap (STAFF), and STSG over myogenous flap (STMF). Averaged color samplings of the reconstructed defect and adjacent normal skin were taken from digital photographs. The color difference was calculated using the delta-E calculation. Blinded expert observers also rated the degree of color match. Nonparametric cohort contrast and correlation statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: The mean delta-E's and 10-point Likert ratings for the ALT, fibula, RFFF, STAFF, STMF, and cervicofacial flaps were 11.6, 10.0, 7.7, 6.3, 8.8, and 4.7, and 5.1, 6.4, 2.4, 3.2, 2.7, and 1.1, respectively. Likert scale inter-rater correlation was strong, with coefficient = 0.80. CONCLUSIONS: On average, STSG over de-epithelialized myogenous and adipofascial free tissue transfers produced a better color match than the skin paddles of donor sites, with the exception of the radial forearm donor site. Delta-E values obtained from photos correlated well with expert ratings of color match. This reliable technique for quantifying color match may be used in future studies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Laryngoscope, 132:1753-1759, 2022.
Asunto(s)
Colgajos Tisulares Libres , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Colgajos Tisulares Libres/trasplante , Humanos , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Pigmentación de la Piel , Trasplante de Piel/métodosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study aims to determine whether there is consensus regarding staging and management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) across the various specialties that manage this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey regarding CSCC high-risk features, staging, and management was created and emailed to cutaneous oncology experts including dermatology, head and neck surgery/surgical oncology, radiation oncology, and medical oncology. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-six (46%) of 357 invited physicians completed the survey. Depth of invasion (92%), perineural invasion (99%), histologic differentiation (85%), and patient immunosuppression (90%) achieved consensus (>80%) as high-risk features of CSCC. Dermatologists were more likely to also choose clinical tumor diameter (79% vs. 54%) and histology (99% vs. 66%) as a high-risk feature. Dermatologists were also more likely to utilize the Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) staging system alone or in conjunction with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) (71%), whereas other cancer specialists (OCS) tend to use only AJCC (71%). Respondents considered AJCC T3 and higher (90%) and BWH T2b and higher (100%) to be high risk and when they consider radiologic imaging, sentinel lymph node biopsy, post-operative radiation therapy, and increased follow-up. Notably, a large number of respondents do not use staging systems or tumor stage to determine treatment options beyond surgery in high-risk CSCC. CONCLUSION: This survey study highlights areas of consensus and differences regarding the definition of high-risk features of CSCC, staging approaches, and management patterns between dermatologists and OCS. High-risk CSCC is defined as, but not limited to, BWH T2b and higher and AJCC T3 and higher, and these thresholds can be used to identify cases for which treatment beyond surgery may be considered. Dermatologists are more likely to utilize BWH staging, likely because BWH validation studies showing advantages over AJCC were published in dermatology journals and discussed at dermatology meetings. Additional data are necessary to develop a comprehensive risk-based management approach for CSCC.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Medicina , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/terapia , Manejo de la Enfermedad , Encuestas de Atención de la Salud , Humanos , Invasividad Neoplásica , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
IMPORTANCE: There is a paucity of evidence to guide physicians regarding prevention strategies for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). OBJECTIVE: To examine the development and results of a Delphi process initiated to identify consensus-based medical management recommendations for prevention of CSCC in SOTRs. EVIDENCE REVIEW: Dermatologists with more than 5 years' experience treating SOTRs were invited to participate. A novel actinic damage and skin cancer index (AD-SCI), consisting of 6 ordinal stages corresponding to an increasing burden of actinic damage and CSCC, was used to guide survey design. Three sequential web-based surveys were administered from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020. Pursuant to Delphi principles, respondents thoroughly reviewed all peer responses between rounds. Supplemental questions were also asked to better understand panelists' rationale for their responses. FINDINGS: The Delphi panel comprised 48 dermatologists. Respondents represented 13 countries, with 27 (56%) from the US. Twenty-nine respondents (60%) were Mohs surgeons. Consensus was reached with 80% or higher concordance among respondents when presented with a statement, question, or management strategy pertaining to prevention of CSCC in SOTRs. A near-consensus category of 70% to less than 80% concordance was also defined. The AD-SCI stage-based recommendations were established if consensus or near-consensus was achieved. The panel was able to make recommendations for 5 of 6 AD-SCI stages. Key recommendations include the following: cryotherapy for scattered actinic keratosis (AK); field therapy for AK when grouped in 1 anatomical area, unless AKs are thick in which case field therapy and cryotherapy were recommended; combination lesion directed and field therapy with fluorouracil for field cancerized skin; and initiation of acitretin therapy and discussion of immunosuppression reduction or modification for patients who develop multiple skin cancers at a high rate (10 CSCCs per year) or develop high-risk CSCC (defined by a tumor with approximately ≥20% risk of nodal metastasis). No consensus recommendation was achieved for SOTRs with a first low risk CSCC. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Physicians may consider implementation of panel recommendations for prevention of CSCC in SOTRs while awaiting high-level-of-evidence data. Additional clinical trials are needed in areas where consensus was not reached.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Queratosis Actínica , Trasplante de Órganos , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/etiología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/prevención & control , Técnica Delphi , Humanos , Queratosis Actínica/etiología , Queratosis Actínica/patología , Queratosis Actínica/prevención & control , Trasplante de Órganos/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/etiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Receptores de TrasplantesRESUMEN
Gene expression profile (GEP) testing is now commercially available for metastatic risk prediction in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and one or more high-risk factors. The purpose of this article is to provide an early framework for healthcare providers looking to integrate patient-specific tumor biology into their clinical practice using GEP testing. To develop a framework for clinical use, an expert panel was convened to identify CSCC management decision points where GEP testing may be immediately incorporated into practice until the definitive results of prospective trials become available. Based on their discussion, the expert panel focused on the areas of nodal evaluation, adjuvant radiation therapy, and follow-up and surveillance. The panel emphasized that GEP prognostic test results should not currently be used as a surrogate for standard of care treatment but as an additional data point when determining individualized management for patients with high-risk CSCC. Whenever possible, decisions on management plans for these patients should be developed with multidisciplinary input. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20:6(Suppl):s5-11. doi:10.36849/JDD.6068.