Developing a Nomogram for Prioritizing Hysteroscopy in Endometrial Cancer Diagnosis: A Case-Control Study.

(1) Background: The pandemic led to significant healthcare disruptions, resulting in postponed surgeries and extended waiting times for non-urgent treatments, including hysteroscopies essential for diagnosing endometrial cancer. This study aims to formulate a risk stratification model to enhance the prioritization of hysteroscopy procedures in Brazil; (2) Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Vila Santa Catarina Hospital in São Paulo, analyzing the medical records of 2103 women who underwent hysteroscopy between March 2019 and March 2022. We used bivariate analysis and multivariate linear regression to identify risk factors associated with endometrial cancer and formulate a nomogram; (3) Results: The findings revealed a 5.5% incidence of pre-invasive and invasive endometrial disease in the study population, with an average waiting time of 120 days for hysteroscopy procedures. The main risk factors identified were hypertension, diabetes, postmenopausal bleeding, and obesity; (4) Conclusions: This research highlights the urgent need for efficient prioritization of hysteroscopy procedures in the wake of the pandemic. The developed nomogram is an innovative tool for identifying patients at higher risk of endometrial cancer, thus facilitating timely diagnosis and treatment and improving overall patient outcomes in a strained healthcare system.

Segmental Rectum Resection for Deep Endometriosis and Excision Similarly Improve Sexual Function and Pain.

Segmental rectum resections for indications other than endometriosis were reported to result in up to 40% sexual dysfunctions. We, therefore, evaluated sexual function after low bowel resection (n = 33) for deep endometriosis in comparison with conservative excision (n = 23). Sexual function was evaluated with the FSFI-19 (Female Sexuality Functioning Index) and EHP 30 (Endometriosis Health Profile). The pain was evaluated with visual analogue scales. Linear excision and bowel resections improved FSFI, EHP 30, and postoperative pain comparably. By univariate analysis, a decreased sexual function was strongly associated with pain both before (p < 0.0001) and after surgery (p = 0.0012), age (p = 0.05), and duration of surgery (p = 0.023). By multivariate analysis (proc logistic), the FSFI after surgery was predicted only by FSFI before or EHP after surgery. No differences were found between low bowel segmental resection and a more conservative excision. In conclusion, improving pain after surgery can explain the improvement in sexual function. A deleterious effect of a bowel resection on sexual function was not observed for endometriosis. Sexual function in women with endometriosis can be evaluated using a simplified questionnaire such as FSFI-6.

The Effect on Performance Time and Quality of the Knots after Mono or Bimanual Training of Laparoscopic Intracorporeal Knot Tying according to the Gladiator Rule Technique.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the monomanual or bimanual training of laparoscopic suture following the same technique may interfere with the knots' performance time and/or quality. METHODS: A prospective observational study involving 41 resident students of gynecology/obstetrics and general surgery who attended a laparoscopic suture training for 2 days. The participants were divided into two groups. Group A performed the training using exclusively their dominant hand, and group B performed the training using both hands to tie the intracorporeal knot. All participants followed the same technique, called Romeo Gladiator Rule. At the end of the course, the participants were asked to perform three exercises to assess the time it took them to tie the knots, as well as the quality of the knots. RESULTS: A comparative analysis of the groups showed that there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.334) between them regarding the length of time to tie one knot. However, when the time to tie 10 consecutive knots was compared, group A was faster than group B (p = 0.020). A comparison of the knot loosening average, in millimeters, revealed that the knots made by group B loosened less than those made by group A, but there was no statistically significant difference regarding the number of knots that became untied. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the knots from group B showed better quality than those from group A, with lower loosening measures and more strength necessary to untie the knots. The study also demonstrated that group A was faster than B when the time to tie ten consecutive knots was compared.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar se o treinamento monomanual ou bimanual de sutura laparoscópica seguindo a mesma técnica pode interferir no tempo de realização e/ou qualidade dos nós. MéTODOS: Estudo prospectivo observacional envolvendo 41 estudantes residentes de ginecologia /obstetrícia e cirurgia geral que participaram de um treinamento de sutura laparoscópica por 2 dias. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos. O grupo A realizou o treinamento usando exclusivamente a mão dominante, e o grupo B realizou o treinamento usando as duas mãos para amarrar o nó intracorpóreo. Todos os participantes seguiram a mesma técnica, chamada Regra do Gladiador, descrita por Armando Romeo. No final do curso, os participantes foram convidados a realizar três exercícios para avaliar o tempo de realização e a qualidade dos nós. RESULTADOS: Uma análise comparativa dos grupos mostrou que não houve diferença estatística significativa (p = 0,334) entre eles quanto ao período de tempo para amarrar um nó. No entanto, quando o tempo para amarrar 10 nós consecutivos foi comparado, o grupo A foi mais rápido do que o grupo B (p = 0,020). A comparação da média de afrouxamento de nó, em milímetros, revelou que os nós do grupo B afrouxaram menos do que os do grupo A, mas não houve diferença estatística significativa quanto ao número de nós que desamarraram. CONCLUSãO: Este estudo demonstrou que os nós do grupo B apresentaram melhor qualidade do que os nós do grupo A, com menores medidas de afrouxamento e maior força necessária para desamarrar os nós. Também demonstrou que o grupo A foi mais rápido do que B quando o tempo para amarrar dez nós consecutivos foi comparado.

The effect on performance time and quality of the knots after mono or bimanual training of laparoscopic intracorporeal knot tying according to the gladiator rule technique / O efeito sobre o tempo de realização e a qualidade dos nós após o treinamento mono ou bimanual do nó intracorpóreo da sutura laparoscópica de acordo com a técnica da Regra do Gladiador

Abstract Objective To assesswhether themonomanual or bimanual training of laparoscopic suture followingthe sametechniquemay interferewith theknots' performancetimeand/or quality. Methods A prospective observational study involving 41 resident students of gynecology/ obstetrics and general surgery who attended a laparoscopic suture training for 2 days. The participants were divided into two groups. Group A performed the training using exclusively their dominant hand, and group B performed the training using both hands to tie the intracorporeal knot. All participants followed the same technique, called Romeo Gladiator Rule. At the end of the course, the participants were asked to perform three exercises to assess the time it took them to tie the knots, as well as the quality of the knots. Results A comparative analysis of the groups showed that there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.334) between them regarding the length of time to tie one knot. However, when the time to tie 10 consecutive knots was compared, group A was faster than group B (p = 0.020). A comparison of the knot loosening average, in millimeters, revealed that the knots made by group B loosened less than those made by group A, but there was no statistically significant difference regarding the number of knots that became untied. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the knots from group B showed better quality than those from group A, with lower loosening measures and more strength necessary to untie the knots. The study also demonstrated that group A was faster than B when the time to tie ten consecutive knots was compared.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar se o treinamento monomanual ou bimanual de sutura laparoscópica seguindo a mesma técnica pode interferir no tempo de realização e/ou qualidade dos nós. Métodos Estudo prospectivo observacional envolvendo 41 estudantes residentes de ginecologia /obstetrícia e cirurgia geral que participaram de um treinamento de sutura laparoscópica por 2 dias. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos. O grupo A realizou o treinamento usando exclusivamente amão dominante, e o grupo B realizou o treinamento usando as duas mãos para amarrar o nó intracorpóreo. Todos os participantes seguiram a mesma técnica, chamada Regra do Gladiador, descrita por Armando Romeo. No final do curso, os participantes foram convidados a realizar três exercícios para avaliar o tempo de realização e a qualidade dos nós. Resultados Uma análise comparativa dos grupos mostrou que não houve diferença estatística significativa (p = 0,334) entre eles quanto ao período de tempo para amarrar um nó. No entanto, quando o tempo para amarrar 10 nós consecutivos foi comparado, o grupo A foi mais rápido do que o grupo B (p = 0,020). A comparação da média de afrouxamento de nó, em milímetros, revelou que os nós do grupo B afrouxaram menos do que os do grupo A, mas não houve diferença estatística significativa quanto ao número de nós que desamarraram. Conclusão Este estudo demonstrou que os nós do grupo B apresentaram melhor qualidade do que os nós do grupo A, com menores medidas de afrouxamento e maior força necessária para desamarrar os nós. Também demonstrou que o grupo A foi mais rápido do que B quando o tempo para amarrar dez nós consecutivos foi comparado.

What is the Best Surgeon's Knot? Evaluation of the Security of the Different Laparoscopic Knot Combinations.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the security of various knot combinations in laparoscopic surgery. DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized trial (Canadian Task Force classification II). SETTING: Storz Training Centre, Sao Paulo, Brazil. INTERVENTION: Different knot combinations (n = 2000) were performed in a laparoscopic trainer. Dry or wet 2.0 polyglycolic acid or dry 2-0 poliglecaprone 25 was used. The tails were cut at 10 mm, and the loops were tested in a dynamometer. The primary endpoints were the forces at which the knot combination opened or at which the suture broke. Resulting tail lengths were measured. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Surprisingly, the combination of a 2-throw half knot (H2) and a symmetric 1-throw half knot (H1s) (a surgical flat knot) opened at <1 Newton (N) in 2.5% of tests and at <10 N in 5% of tests. This occasional opening at low forces persisted after 1 or 2 additional H1s knots. A sequence of an H2 or a 3-throw half knot (H3) followed by a H2, either symmetric or asymmetric (H2H2 or H3H2), resulted in 100% secure knots that never opened at forces below 30 N. Other safe combinations were H2H1s followed by 2 blocking half hitches, and a sequence of 5 half hitches with 3 blocking sequences. CONCLUSION: A traditional surgical knot (H2H1s) occasionally opens with little force and thus is potentially dangerous. Safe knots are H2H2 and H3H2 combinations, a sequence of 5 half hitches with 3 blocking sequences, and H2H1s together with 2 blocking half hitches.