Depression and anxiety prevalence and correlations among cancer patients at Tikur Anbesa Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018: Cross-sectional study.

Background: People with cancer, as well as their family members and loved ones, frequently experience distress. Distress can sometimes escalate from a normal level to one that interferes with therapy, makes it difficult for you to function or cope, and has an impact on many aspects life. About 1 in 4 people with cancer experience major or clinical depression, and anxiety is also a common problem for cancer patients. Anxiety and depression are the most familiar mental illnesses among cancer patients. Objectives: The objectives of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among cancer patients attending treatment at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital. Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 April to 15 May 2018. This study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital is in Addis Ababa, capital city of Ethiopia. A pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data by trained psychiatry nurses. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to collect an outcome variable (the presence of anxiety and depression). Result: According to the study, anxiety and depression were present in 54.6 percent and 40.4 percent of the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital's cancer patients, respectively. Factors that were strongly associated with depression were being a woman, having less education, bleeding right now, being younger (30 to 39 years old), and suffering discomfort. With AOR of 2.18 (1.38-3.44), 1.73 (1.10-2.85), 2.57 (1.61-4.11), 2.28 (1.12-4.63), 1.64 (1.00-2.69), respectively with 95% CI. On the other hand factors significantly associated with anxiety among cancer patients attending treatment at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital were marital status with AOR 2.10 (1.01-4.02), feeling discomfort 2.06 (1.00-3.03), and bleeding 3.52 (2.31-5.64. Conclusion: Guidelines for screening and treating depression and anxiety in cancer patients should be developed by psychiatry departments in collaboration with oncology department. Oncology and psychiatry department better work and capacitate link to help for good of patients. To enhance and widen the current findings, additional research on depression and anxiety risk factors should be done.

Obstetric fistula repair failure and its associated factors among women underwent repair in Yirgalem Hamlin fistula center, Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia, 2021: a retrospective cross sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Obstetric fistula repair failure is a combination of unsuccessful fistula closure and/or incontinence following a successful closure. It causes a burden on both the patients and the fistula centers. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and associated factors of obstetric fistula repair failure among women who underwent fistula repair at Yirgalem Hamlin fistula center in Southern Ethiopia. METHODS: A facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among women who underwent fistula repair at Yirgalem Hamlin fistula center, Southern Ethiopia, during the period from January 2016 to December 2020. All 562 women who underwent fistula repair in the last 5 years were included in the study. The data were collected using a pre-tested checklist from September 22 to October 22, 2021. The data were then imported into EPI info-data version 3.1, exported to SPSS version 25, and analyzed. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed, and the significant statistical test was assessed at a 95% confidence interval. Variables with a p value of < 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were regarded to have a statistically significant relationship. RESULTS: The magnitude of obstetric fistula repair failure in this study was 28.8%. Obstetric fistula repair failure was found to be associated with labor duration > 48 h (AOR = 2.037; 95% CI 1.268, 3.272), Goh Type 4 fistulas (AOR = 3.939; 95% CI 1.623, 9.560), fistula size > 3 cm (AOR = 6.627; 95% CI 3.802, 11.554), completely destructed urethra (AOR = 3.192; 95% CI 1.234, 8.256), and bladder catheterization > 14 days (AOR = 2.944; 95% CI 1.380, 6.281). CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of obstetric fistula repair failure was significantly higher than the World Health Organization standard. Obstetric fistula repair failure had a positive association with a longer duration of labor, Goh Type 4 fistulas, large fistula size, total urethral injury, and a longer period of bladder catheterization. Therefore, the concerned bodies need to implement interventions on factors affecting obstetric fistula repair failure to reduce or prevent the failure of obstetric fistula repair.

Determinants of neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of public hospitals in Hawassa City Administration, Sidama Region, Ethiopia, 2020: an unmatched, case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to assess the determinants of neonatal sepsis in the neonatal intensive care units of public hospitals in Hawassa City Administration, Sidama Region, Ethiopia, in 2020. DESIGN: Institutional-based, unmatched, case-control study. SETTING: The study was conducted in three public hospitals (Hawassa University Teaching Hospital, Adare General Hospital and Hawela Tula Primary Hospital) of Hawassa City, Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 331 (110 cases and 221 controls) neonates with their index mothers were included in the study from 1 August to 30 September 2020. OUTCOME MEASURES: A pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire and data extraction checklist were used to collect data. Data were coded and entered into EpiData V.3.1 before being exported to SPSS V.20 for analysis. The factors associated with neonatal sepsis were assessed using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. P value of less than 0.05 was used to establish statistically significant association of variables. RESULTS: Caesarean section delivery (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.56, 95 % CI 1.3 to 5.00), maternal anaemia (AOR=2.58, 95 % CI 1.45 to 4.6) and lack of vaccination with tetanus toxoid (AOR=3.5, 95% CI 2.07 to 6.19) were all identified as factors significantly associated with neonatal sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: Caesarean section delivery, maternal history of anaemia and lack of vaccination with tetanus toxoid were found to be risk factors for neonatal sepsis. Establishing preconception care practice, strengthening the quality of antenatal care and standardising infection prevention practice are needed to improve neonatal health.

Physical Violence and Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Physical violence against women of reproductive age is a significant public health problem worldwide. This study aimed to assess physical violence and associated factors among women of reproductive age. METHOD: A community-based cross-sectional study design was implemented from August 1 to September 30, 2018, including women of reproductive age in Gedeo Zone Southern Ethiopia. A stratified, two-stage cluster sampling technique was used. Finally, the study population was selected from the respective source population using a simple random sampling technique. Data were checked, coded, and entered Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. The wealth index was computed using the principal component analysis. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were computed to identify the determinants of physical violence among women of reproductive age. RESULTS: Experiencing at least one type of physical violence among women of reproductive age was 14.7% (95%CI: 11.7, 17.4). Study participants whose spouse had any habit (AOR: 3.56; 95%CI: 1.75, 7.25) and whose spouse had watched pornography counterpart ((AOR: 1.58; 95%CI: 1.02, 3.17) had significantly higher odds of experiencing physical violence among women of reproductive age. Spouses had any habit like alcohol drinking, chat chewing, cigarette smoking, and seeing pornography significantly increased physical violence among reproductive-age women. Therefore, the responsible stakeholders should work on the means to the spouse can alleviate any form of habit like alcohol drinking, chat chewing, cigarette smoking, and seeing pornography could decrease physical violence in women of reproductive age.

Prevalence and determinant factors of mental health problems among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in southern Ethiopia: multicentre cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress and its determinant factors during COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare professionals in southern Ethiopia. DESIGN: Multi-centre cross-sectional study. SETTING AND STUDY PERIOD: Randomly selected public hospitals in Sidama, southern Ethiopia between 25 September 2020 and 25 October 2020. PARTICIPANTS: 387 healthcare professionals were randomly selected. OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence and determinant factors of depression, anxiety and stress was assessed. RESULT: Depression, anxiety and stress prevalence were shown to be 50.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 45.0% to 55.0%), 55.0% (95% CI 51.1% to 59.9%) and 38.5% (95% CI 33.6% to 43.2%), respectively. Being female (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) 3.71, 95% CI 2.31 to 5.97), married (AOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.34 to 3.86), living alone (AOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.20), nurses (AOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.44 to 5.99) and working in inpatients (AOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.93) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Moreover, older age groups (AOR 3.15, 95% CI 1.04 to 6.56), females (AOR 3.25, 95% CI 2.01 to 5.25), married (AOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.87) and nurses (AOR 3.32, 95% CI 1.63 to 6.78) were significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety. Stress symptoms were significantly high among females (AOR 2.47, 95% CI 1.53 to 3.97), married (AOR 2.77, 95% CI 1.60 to 4.78), living alone (AOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.52), nurses (AOR 2.34, 95% CI 1.11 to 4.92) and working in units other than emergency (inpatient (AOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.57) and other units (AOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.95)). CONCLUSION: The current study found that healthcare professionals have high levels of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Sex, age, marital status, type of profession, living status and working environment were significant factors for mental health problems in healthcare professionals during the pandemic. Healthcare professionals require mental health support at which monitoring and control can be performed during and after the pandemic.