Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/irrigación sanguínea , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión de Fotón Único , Anciano , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/patología , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/patología , Circulación Cerebrovascular , Cisteína/análogos & derivados , Resultado Fatal , Humanos , Masculino , Compuestos de Organotecnecio , Lóbulo Parietal/irrigación sanguínea , Lóbulo Parietal/diagnóstico por imagen , Lóbulo Parietal/patología , Radiofármacos , Lóbulo Temporal/irrigación sanguínea , Lóbulo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagen , Lóbulo Temporal/patologíaRESUMEN
Measurement of cognitive dysfunction in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been well studied and there are many objective tests in use for this purpose. However, with the exception of clinical rating scales, such as the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, Global Deterioration Scale, and Functional Assessment Staging, there are few objective measures of cognition in the more advanced stages of AD. Given a renewed interest in potential AD therapies, objective measures of mental functioning are needed to adequately assess change in more advanced AD patients. As part of an effort by the NIA-Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study to evaluate new measures of efficacy for their utility in treatment studies, the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) was examined in a 1-year evaluation of change across a wide range of AD severity. The data suggest that the SIB is a reliable and valid measure of progression, particularly in persons with moderate to severe AD. The SIB may therefore be a useful outcome measure in clinical trials that include patients with more advanced stages of AD.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/psicología , Cognición/fisiología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Patients with Alzheimer's disease participated in a trial of two sessions in which they received physostigmine and neostigmine in a double-blind crossover design. Most of these patients subsequently participated in a scopolamine vs saline double-blind crossover trial using a similar design. Physostigmine increased plasma cortisol relative to neostigmine, with the greatest difference at time points greater than 90 min post drug oral administration. Physostigmine also significantly decreased plasma cholinesterase (ChE). There was a significant positive correlation between the effects of physostigmine on increasing cortisol and decreasing ChE; there was no correlation between the increase in cortisol of cholinesterase inhibitor following neostigmine administration, but neither of these chemical parameters is related to the drug's effects on cognitive functioning.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Neostigmina/uso terapéutico , Fisostigmina/uso terapéutico , Escopolamina/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/sangre , Colinesterasas/sangre , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
In an examination of 34 southern African SAT-type foot-and-mouth disease viruses, all but 1 attained satisfactory levels of infectivity within 6 passages in rolled BHK21 monolayer cell cultures. However, there were marked differences between adapted viruses with respect to the mass of immunogen (146S material) produced. Several isolates which consistently produced levels greater than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml were identified. In cross neutralization tests using post-vaccinal sera, SAT-1 and SAT-2 isolates showed considerable diversity and none of the viruses tested would be expected to produce a broad-spectrum response if incorporated into a vaccine. On the other hand, when 2 of the SAT-2 isolates were incorporated into the same vaccine a distinctly broader response resulted.
Asunto(s)
Aphthovirus/inmunología , Vacunas Virales/normas , Animales , Bovinos , Células Cultivadas , Reacciones Cruzadas , Vacunas Atenuadas/normas , Replicación ViralAsunto(s)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae/efectos de los fármacos , Espectinomicina/farmacología , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/clasificación , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/metabolismo , Penicilinasa/biosíntesis , Filipinas , Espectinomicina/uso terapéutico , Uretritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Uretritis/etiologíaRESUMEN
A bacteriological survey was carried out on 30 black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) of which 23 were newly captured and seven were captive. A beta haemolytic Streptococcus, group L was found in skin lesions and various wounds, causing septicaemia and death in two animals. Staphylococcus aureus was found in 3 rhinoceros, and caused the death of one. The bacteria isolated often proved resistant to penicillin. Streptomycin is recommended for treatment. Sixteen other bacteria sp. were isolated, and apart from a Salmonella sp. none were considered to be specific pathogens.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Perisodáctilos/microbiología , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Femenino , Kenia , Masculino , Especificidad de la Especie , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/veterinaria , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/veterinaria , Streptococcus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Laboratory examination of vaccines from four manufacturing companies and prepared with A/New Jersey/8/76 and A/Victoria/3/75 strains (clinical results, cf. these proceedings, pp. 267-272). When diluting the concentrated suspensions of vaccine, loss of activity can be avoided by adding a small amount of Tween 80 to the diluent.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Influenza A , Vacunas contra la Influenza/normas , Canadá , Industria Farmacéutica , Formaldehído , Polisorbatos , PropiolactonaRESUMEN
Repeated failure of penicillin G treatment in a man with gonorrhoeal urethritis prompted penicillin sensitivity testing of the responsible strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Disc diffusion sensitivity testing showed complete resistance to 10 mug of penicillin G. The organism produced penicillinase.