Effect of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on reduced pain in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.

It has recently been observed that microorganisms in the gut can regulate brain processes through the gut microbiota-brain axis, affecting pain, depression, and sleep quality. Consequently, prebiotics and probiotics may potentially improve physical, psychological, and cognitive states in those with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) who have an altered microbiota balance. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine the effects of probiotic and prebiotic treatments on pain, sleep, quality of life, and psychological distress (depression and anxiety) in FMS, 53 female participants with FMS were randomised to receive either: 1) 4 × 1010 CFUs per day for the 18 patients in the probiotics group; 2) 10 g dose inulin per day for the 17 patients in the prebiotic group; or 3) a placebo for 8 weeks for the 18 patients in this group. The mean ages of the groups were similar and there was no significant difference between the groups. The impact of FMS on pain, sleep quality, quality of life, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were measured at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks post-intervention. Probiotic supplementation significantly decreased the Beck Depression Index (BDI), Beck Anxiety Index (BAI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores compared to baseline, while prebiotic supplementation only significantly decreased PSQI scores. Moreover, participants who received probiotic treatment presented a significantly reduced Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score compared with those who received placebo treatment, after the interventions. Probiotic supplementation significantly improved sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and pain scores compared to those at baseline in FMS patients, while prebiotic supplementation significantly improved pain scores and sleep quality. The potential benefits of using probiotics for treatment management in FMS patients is supported by the results of the current study and might provide an important strategy to combat FMS-associated diseases.

Validity and reliability of Turkish version of the Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire for adult participants.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of the Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (AEBQ-TR) for adults. DESIGN: Hunot et al. (2016) developed the original questionnaire, which was modified and translated into Turkish. On data collected from adults, construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Pearson's and Cronbach's correlation coefficients were used to evaluate reliability and validity (P < 0·05). SETTING: This research was carried out in Ankara, Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 311 adults from Ankara (148 men and 163 women) took part in the study. Seventy-two of these adults take the retest. RESULTS: In the present study, 311 adults with a mean age of 29·3 ± 11·3 years participated. Factor loadings ranged from 0·404 to 0·907. In general, food approach and food avoidance scales showed a positive correlation within themselves. According to the results of confirmatory factor analysis and goodness-of-fit indicators, the seven-factor model showed a better model fit in the Turkish data (chi-square/degrees of freedom = 2·137, root mean error of approximation: 0·061, comparative fit index: 0·884, and normed fit index: 0·850). Higher BMI was associated with higher Emotional Over-eating, higher Enjoyment of the Food, lower Food Satiety and lower Emotional Under-eating. CONCLUSIONS: The Turkish AEBQ is a valid and reliable tool for 20- to 65-year adults to determine appetitive properties related to the aetiology of weight change and especially obesity risk. Besides, AEBQ testing is required for validation in early and late adulthood.

¿La Calidad De La Alimentación En Individuos Que Realizan Actividad Física Regular, Se Ve Afecta Por Conocimientos Y Prácticas Nutricionales?: Un Estudio Transversal

Antecedentes: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre la calidad de la dieta y el conocimiento sobre nutrición (CN) y las prácticas de nutrición (PN) de las personas que realizan actividad física (AF) con regularidad. Métodos: Se estudiaron 200 individuos sanos que acudían al gimnasio al menos tres veces por semana. La calidad de la dieta se calculó utilizando el Índice de Alimentación Saludable-2015 (HEI-2015). Se utilizaron modelos de regresión lineal múltiple para evaluar las asociaciones entre las puntuaciones de CN y PN y las variables de la dieta. Resultados: De los participantes, el 47,0 % tenía CN deficiente y el 48,0 % tenía PN pobre. Se determinó que las puntuaciones de PN se asociaron significativamente con los granos integrales, los mariscos y las proteínas a base de hierbas y la calidad total de la dieta (p0,05). Un aumento en una unidad en la puntuación CN resultó en un aumento del 26,7 % en el consumo de refrigerios ajustado por edad, sexo, nivel educativo, índice de masa corporal (IMC), tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol y actividad física (AF)(p<0,001). La evaluación del puntaje PN se relacionó con las comidas principales (β=0,065±0,013; IC 95% 0,04-0,09; p<0,001), consumo de refrigerios (β=0,029±0,014, IC 95% 0,01-0,06; p<0,05) y la calidad total de la dieta (β=0,894±0,329; IC95% 0,24-1,54; p<0,05). Además, alrededor del 17% de la variabilidad en la puntuación PN podría explicarse por las puntuaciones CN. Conclusiones: CN elevada se asoció con un aumento en las puntuaciones de PN e indirectamente con un aumento en la calidad de la dieta. Para ver los efectos beneficiosos de la AF en la salud, las personas deben apoyarse en una dieta saludable, aumentando su CN.

Background: This study aimed to determine the relationship between diet quality and nutrition knowledge (CN) and nutrition practices (NP) of people who perform physical activity (PA) regularly. Methods: Two hundred healthy individuals who attended the gym at least three times a week were studied. The quality of the diet is calculated using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Linear regression models were used multiplex to assess associations between NC and PN scores and dietary variables. Results: Of the participants, 47.0% had poor NK and 48.0% were found to have poor NPs.It was determined that NP scores were significantly associated with whole grains, seafood, and herbal proteins and total diet quality (p0.05). A one-unit increase in the NK score resulted in a 26.7% increase in the consumption of snack meals adjusted for age, gender, educational level, body mass index(BMI), smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity(PA)(p< 0.001). Assessment of the NP score was related to the main meals (β=0.065±0.013; 95%CI 0.04-0.09; p<0.001), consumption of snack meals (β=0.029±0.014, 95%CI 0.01-0.06; p<0.05), and total diet quality(β=0.894±0.329; 95%CI 0.24-1.54; p<0.05). Moreover, about 17% of the variability in the NP score could be explained by the NK scores. Conclusions: Elevated NK was associated with an increase in the NP scores and indirectly with an increase in diet quality. In order to see the beneficial effects of PA on health, individuals should be supported by a healthy diet, by increasing their NK.

Vitamin D Deficiency During the First Trimester of Pregnancy and the Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships among various factors that affect serum vitamin D levels and vitamin D in the first trimester and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). DESIGN: A prospective cohort design. SETTING: The family health center of Ankara, Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: Out of 889 pregnant women who participated in the study in the first trimester (6-13 weeks gestation), 814 participated in GDM screening in the second trimester (24-28 weeks gestation). METHODS: We determined serum vitamin D levels, demographic data, various biochemical and anthropometric parameters, and factors that affect vitamin D synthesis of participants in the first trimester and used logistic regression analysis to analyze the effects of the associations among vitamin D deficiency and the other variables on the occurrence of GDM. RESULTS: Vitamin D deficiency in the first trimester was present in 425 (82.5%) participants. In the second trimester, 198 participants (24.3%) were diagnosed with GDM through oral glucose tolerance test screening. We detected GDM in the second trimester in 5.7% of participants who had vitamin D deficiency in the first trimester. Even after adjustment for vitamin D intake, clothing style, and duration of exposure to the sun, the risk of GDM was significantly greater in participants who were vitamin D deficient than those who were not deficient. The risk of GDM among women with vitamin D deficiency was sustained or increased significantly after we adjusted for age, parity, prepregnancy body mass index, history of diabetes, triglyceride levels, vitamin D intake, clothing style, and length of sun exposure, OR = 10.60, p < .001, 95% confidence interval [2.82, 39.76]. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that vitamin D deficiency in the first trimester may significantly increase the risk of developing GDM.

Food-related quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease: measuring the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of FR-QOL-29.

PURPOSE: Food-related quality of life is considerably impaired in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and should be widely measured in research and clinical practice. This study aims to translate the FR-QoL-29 instrument to the Turkish language and evaluate its validity and reliability in Turkish patients with IBD. METHODS: The FR-QoL-29 was forwards and backwards translated into Turkish and the validity and reliability of the FR-QoL-29-Turkish measured at two tertiary hospitals in Ankara, Turkey. Participants completed four questionnaires regarding: sociodemographic; clinical (disease type and activity), and nutritional characteristics (MUST) together with FR-QoL-29-Turkish. In addition, 30 patients repeated the questionnaires after two weeks. collected. Pearson correlation coefficients and Cronbach α were used to assess reliability and validity (p < 0.05). RESULTS: A total of 180 participants with IBD (78 Crohn's disease, 102 ulcerative colitis), with a mean age of 45.9 ± 12.5 years, were included. Bartlett's sphericity test was statistically significant (p < 0.001), meeting the prerequisite for factor analysis, and the adequacy of the sample size for factor analysis was confirmed by a high Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO = 0.92). Validity was confirmed by factor loadings ranging from 0.310 to 0.858. Item-total score correlations ranged from 0.258 to 0.837 and Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.96 for the whole questionnaire indicating high internal consistency. CONCLUSIONS: FR-QoL-29-Turkish is a valid and reliable measure of food-related quality of life in IBD patients with Turkish language. The FR-QoL-29-Turkish gives a comprehensive overview of the main aspects of food quality of life and can be used as a useful tool in both research and clinical practice.

Validity and reliability of Turkish version of the Food-Mood Questionnaire for university students.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Food-Mood Questionnaire (FMQ) for university students. DESIGN: The original questionnaire developed by Begdache et al. (2019) was modified and translated into Turkish. The content validation ratio (CVR) and the content validity index (CVI) were used for content validity assessment. The construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on data collected on university students who completed the survey online. Pearson's correlation coefficients and Cronbach's α were used to assess reliability and validity (P < 0·05). SETTING: This study was conducted at five different universities in Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 251 (67 males and 184 females) undergraduate students participated in the study. Of these, seventy-five students completed a pre- and post-test assessment. RESULTS: In the current study, 251 university students with a mean age of 21·9 ± 4·1 years participated. The mean CVR and CVI were 0·96 and 0·98, respectively. Factor loadings ranged from 0·341 to 0·863, and item total score correlations ranged from 0·142 to 0·749. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0·633 for the whole scale. Five factors were extracted that had a good fit in CFA (χ2/DF = 1·37, root mean error of approximation: 0·039, goodness-of-fit index: 0·911 and comparative fit index: 0·933). CONCLUSIONS: The Turkish FMQ is a valid and a reliable tool for university students. FMQ can be used by clinicians or researchers to examine the mental distress and dietary patterns of university students. Further testing of the FMQ is required for validation in the general population.

Is iodized salt efficient to overcome iodine deficiency in pregnants?

OBJECTIVE: Iodine is a trace element that synthesizes thyroid hormones necessary for optimal human growth and development. The relationship between dietary iodine intake and spot urinary iodine excretion in pregnant women has not been previously evaluated in Trabzon city, which is an endemic area of iodine deficiency in the Black Sea region of Turkey. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary iodine intake and urine iodine excretion in pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study enrolled 150 pregnant women aged between 19 and 45 years who applied to Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Trabzon. Spot urine specimens were taken, and dietary iodine intake data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24-hours dietary recall (24-h DR) method. RESULTS: The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in the general specimen was 100.6 µg/L. Of the pregnant women, 80.0% had insufficient and 20.0% had sufficient iodine levels, according to UIC. Although total iodine-rich food intake determined by FFQ was sufficient in 20.7% (n=31) of participants, 24-h DR iodine intake was sufficient only 10.7% (n=16). A significant association between urinary iodine excretion and iodine intake was observed in both 24-h DR and FFQ intake estimates (p<0.05). The iodine intake values obtained in both 24-h DR and FFQ and the iodized salt effect were correlated with UIC in all models (p<0.05). Even though 96.0% of pregnant women used iodized salt, its effect on UIC was 15.2%. CONCLUSION: Both methods indicate that the iodine intake of pregnant women might be insufficient in Trabzon area. Also, although iodized salt use is high in pregnant women in Trabzon, it is not enough to prevent iodine deficiency.

Triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a predictor similar to the triglyceride-glucose index for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome using International Diabetes Federation criteria of insulin resistance in obese adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a fatal endocrinopathy that begins with insulin resistance (IR) and causes abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, or systemic disorders. This study was aimed to determine the cut-off values for the triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, the TG glucose (TyG) index and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) for the diagnosis of MS in obese adolescents, and to compare which of the three indexes would offer a more accurate approach to diagnosis. Methods The study population comprised 1,171 obese adolescents (639 females and 532 males aged 10-16 years, Body Mass Index (BMI)>=95th percentile). Indirect measures of IR screening for MS were the TG/HDL ratio, TyG index, and HOMA-IR. The cut-off values of the TG/HDL ratio, TyG index, and HOMA-IR were obtained from receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curves. Results HOMA-IR had a significant positive correlation with the TyG index (r=0.352, p<0.001) and TG/HDL-C (r=0.291, p<.001). The TyG index and TG/HDL-C showed a strong positive correlation (r=0.901, p<0.001). The TG/HDL-C ratio showed a larger ROC Area under Curve (AUC=0.849) than HOMA-IR index (AUC=0.689), but as a predictor similar to TyG index (AUC=0.833) when screening for MS. The cut-off values for MS were as follows: TG/HDL-C ratio>2.16 (sensitivity: 88.8%; specificity: 49.7%), TyG index>8.50 (sensitivity: 85.6%; specificity: 57.0%) and HOMA-IR>2.52 (sensitivity: 83.2%; specificity: 40.4%). Conclusions Both the TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio are better markers than HOMA-IR to determine the risk of metabolic syndrome according to IDF criteria. Besides, the TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio have similar differentiating powers to determine this risk in obese Turkish adolescents.