Predictors of Lower Extremity Amputations in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Management Outcome.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot ulcer is an associated and an increasing problem among individuals with diabetes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk factors for amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcer as well as common causes of increasing mortality in these patients. METHODS: The design was an observational prospective study carried out between July 2015 and June 2018. The Demographic data of all patients with diabetic foot ulcer seen at Lagos University Teaching Hospital and Nigerian Navy Reference Hospital Lagos with their clinical signs and symptoms as well as basic laboratory results were documented. The ankle brachial index (ABI), history of neuropathy, nephropathy and the relationship between these and lower limb amputation and mortality were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: There were 539 patients with diabetic foot ulcer seen during the 3-year period. The mean age was 62 + 13.7. There was male preponderance with a ratio of 1.7:1. Patient with amputation more often had ABI <0.9. Male sex is a risk factor for amputation. Over 40.5% of the patients had grade I ulcer, 19.5% had grade II, while 22.3%, 12.3% and 5.4% had grade III, IV and V respectively. Amputations were performed in 144(26.7%) patients (48 minor, 96 major). Compared with patients without amputation, patients with amputation differed significantly concerning diabetes and its complications. Mortality rate was 11.8%.

CONTEXTE: L'ulcère du pied diabétique est un problème associé et croissant chez les personnes atteintes de diabète. Le but de la présente étude était d'évaluer les facteurs de risque d'amputation chez les patients atteints d'ulcère du pied diabétique ainsi que les causes courantes d'augmentation de la mortalité chez ces patients. METHODES: La conception était une étude prospective observationnelle réalisée entre juillet 2015 et juin 2018. Les données démographiques de tous les patients atteints d'ulcère du pied diabétique vus au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lagos et à l'hôpital de référence de la Marine Nigériane de Lagos avec leurs signes et symptômes cliniques ainsi que les résultats du laboratoire de base ont été documentés. L'indice brachial de la cheville (ABI), les antécédents de neuropathie, de néphropathie et la relation entre ceux-ci et l'amputation et la mortalité des membres inférieurs recueillis et analysés. RESULTATS: Il y avait 539 patients atteints d'ulcère du pied diabétique vus au cours de la période de 3 ans. L'âge moyen était de 62 ± 13,7 ans. Il y avait une prépondérance masculine avec un ratio de 1,7 : 1 Le patient amputé avait plus souvent un ABI <0,9. Le sexe masculin est un facteur de risque d'amputation. Plus de 40,5% des patients avaient un ulcère de grade I, 19,5% avaient un grade II, tandis que 22,3%, 12,3% et 5,4% avaient un grade III, IV et V respectivement. Des amputations ont été pratiquées chez 144 (26,7%) patients (48 mineurs, 96 majeurs). Par rapport aux patients sans amputation, les patients ayant subi une amputation différaient significativement en ce qui concerne le diabète et ses complications. Le taux de mortalité était de 11,8%. Mots-clés: L'indice brachial de la cheville, amputation, ulcère du pied diabétique, maladie artérielle périphérique.

Translation and validation of the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index for use in Nigeria.

The Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) is a validated and reliable measure of severity of chronic rhinosinusitis. The objective of this study was to translate and validate the instrument for use in Nigeria. This is a methodological study. 71 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis attending two Otolaryngology clinics in Lagos, Nigeria. Using standardized methods and trained translators, the RSDI was translated to vernacular (Yoruba language) and back-translated to culturally appropriate English. Data analysis comprised of assessment of the item quality, content validity and internal consistency of the back-translated Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (bRSDI), and correlation to the original RSDI. Content validity (floor and ceiling effects) showed 0% floor and ceiling effects for the total scores, 0% ceiling effects for all domains and floor effect for physical domain, and 9.9 and 8.5% floor effects for functional and emotional domains, respectively. The mean item-own correlation for physical domain was 0.54 ± 0.08, 0.72 ± 0.08 for functional domain and 0.74 ± 0.07 for emotional domain. All domain item-own correlations were higher than item-other domain correlations. The total Cronbach's alpha was 0.936 and was higher than 0.70 for all the domains representing good internal consistency. Pearson correlation analysis showed strong correlation of RSDI to bRSDI (total score 0.881; p = 0.000, and domain subscores-physical: 0.788; p = 0.000, functional: 0.830; p = 0.000, and emotional: 0.888; p = 0.000). The back-translated Rhinosinusitis Disability Index shows good face and content validity with good internal consistency while correlating linearly and significantly with the original Rhinosinusitis Disability Index and is recommended for use in Nigeria.

EXPERIENCE WITH MANAGING PENETRATING ANTERIOR NECK INJURIES IN LAGOS, NIGERIA.

BACKGROUND: Penetrating anterior neck injuries are potentially life threatening and the causes vary across countries of the world. Studies in Nigeria have been mainly isolated case reports and few retrospective studies. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the causes, severity and management outcome of patients treated in our centre. METHODOLOGY: This is a retrospective study of penetrating anterior neck injuries treated at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital over a 25-year period. The case records were retrieved and demographic data as well as the causes, site, extent of injuries and treatment outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the 39 patients in this study was 30.5yrs ± 7.9 SD with a male: female ratio of 6.8:1. Inflicted cut throat injuries accounted for 46% followed by vehicular accidents in 21%. Zone II site of the neck was the commonest site of injury 61.6% of the patients; while 71.8% of the patients presented within 24hrs of the injury, 46% of them had immediate blood transfusion. Tracheostomy was the main method of securing the airway. Primary soft tissue repair was performed on all the patients. Laryngopharyngeal repair was done in 61.5%. Peri-operative mortality was 7.7% and 83.3% had prolonged hospital admission with wound infection in 27.8% and laryngotracheal stenosis in 22.2% as the commonest complications. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that penetrating anterior neck injuries is not uncommon in Nigeria and commonly due to cut throat and vehicular accidents. Proper documentation and following established management protocols will improve outcome.

A cross-sectional evaluation of the correlation between disease severity and quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis patients in Nigeria.

Quality of Life (QoL) studies are increasingly being used as the primary outcome measure in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) globally. However, little is known about QoL and the interplay of identifiable factors on QoL in CRS in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the correlation between disease severity and QoL in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. A total of 147 adults with subjective severity rating of CRS were studied. Participants were assessed using designed questionnaire, Individual Rhinosinusitis Symptom Severity Score Assessment (IRSSSA) and Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) questionnaires to elicit socio-demographic/clinical profile, CRS symptom severity and QoL, respectively. The mean age of the participants was 36.86 ± 11.91 years. The mean severity score of all 147 CRS cases was 3.8 ± 1.13. The majority of participants (N = 80; 54.4 %) had moderate disease. The RSDI mean scores for the participants for overall HRQoL were 40.6 ± 19.8. (Median = 40; Range = 77), for physical domain 15.2 ± 7.7, functional domain 12.1 ± 6.4 and emotional domain 13.2 ± 8.2. The trend of association between the disease severity scores and the overall HRQoL on Pearson linear correlation indicates a positive linear association of worsening overall HRQoL with increasing disease severity (R = 0.83; P < 0.0001). The severity of CRS impacted negatively on the HRQoL. All domains were significantly affected by the disease severity particularly the physical domain. Patients adjudged severity of their disease and its' impact on their quality of life should be considered in the determination of the line of their management which could include psychosocial intervention.

Prospective evaluation of the impact of daycare attendance on the prevalence of otitis media with effusion in 6 to 24 months old children in urban Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: The peak age prevalence of otitis media with effusion (OME) is in early childhood. Day care attendance has been established by various studies as a risk factor for the development of OME. OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at evaluating the prevalence of OME among children aged 6 - 24 months, and the impact of day care center (DCCs) attendance on the OME occurrence. METHODS: A prospective cohort study conducted in children recruited from DCCs and immunization clinics in Surulere, Lagos state, Nigeria. They were matched mainly on their place of care, at home or at day care center and presence or absence of OME using pneumatic otoscopy and tympanometry. RESULTS: A total of 152 children were studied. Based on their place of care, they were divided into day care attendees 64 (42.1%), and non day care attendees 88 (57.9%). The prevalence of OME was 37.7% overall, 43.7% in the day care attendees and 33.4% in the non day care attendees. Factors found to positively influence the prevalence of OME in this study include: young age 6-12 months, female gender and day care attendance. CONCLUSION: OME is common in Nigerian children at young age. Day care facility attendance significantly increased OME prevalence.