RESUMEN
Enfortumab vedotin is a novel breakthrough therapy that received accelerated US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2019 for the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma in patients who have failed other lines of treatment. The characteristics of its adverse effects are not well understood. Diabetic ketoacidosis has been reported in 2 postmarketing reports presented as abstracts at the 2020 American Thoracic Society Conference and the 2021 American Society of Nephrology Conference. Both cases progressed rapidly and expired in <3 days. We present a similar case of a man in his late 50s with no history of diabetes who was diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma 2 years prior. Despite several lines of treatment, including platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, he developed metastasis and was started on enfortumab vedotin. After his second dose of enfortumab vedotin, he was admitted to the intensive care unit for diabetic ketoacidosis with an initial A1C level of 7.7%. He was intubated for airway protection, started on pressors, and developed oliguric acute kidney injury requiring continuous venovenous hemodialysis. Despite aggressive treatment, the patient died on hospital day 2. The lethality of this aggressive diabetic ketoacidosis despite therapy suggests some other effect of enfortumab vedotin on glucose metabolism in addition to insulin resistance and the need for prior diabetes screening.
RESUMEN
Calcium channel blocker overdose is usually very fatal and challenging to manage. The patients are usually asymptomatic on admission, but deteriorate very rapidly. Currently, there is no specific antidote, and the treatment is supportive requiring high level of critical care, and may necessitate extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The use of high-dose insulin is reported to help stabilize the blood pressure and wean off inotropes. The recommendations for supportive treatment in patients with calcium channel blocker overdose are based upon low-quality evidence reports including case series and animal studies. We present the case of a 55-year-old male with a history of atrial fibrillation who was admitted to the hospital 30 min after intentionally ingesting 80 tablets of 180 mg extended release verapamil. On admission, the patient was asymptomatic, but electrocardiogram (ECG) showed a complete heart block which necessitated a transcutaneous pacing, followed by transvenous pacemaker placement. Rapid deterioration of the patient's hemodynamic status led to the patient getting intubated and was started on pressors as well as high-dose insulin. Despite all the aggressive measures, the patient died in less than 24 h after being admitted. We report this case to provide a brief review of the treatment options available at this time, because to date, there is no specific antidote for such overdose, and it remains very fatal despite the amount of supportive care provided.
RESUMEN
The use of colonoscopies in the screening of colorectal cancers has helped in the early detection and treatment of these cancers. Less than 0.5% of patients develop colonoscopy complications, mostly bleeding, and less frequently, perforations. There have been very few reported cases of micro-perforations following colonoscopies. We present a case of a 66-year-old female smoker who had undergone a screening colonoscopy for colorectal cancer with two polyps removed 3 weeks prior, who was brought to the hospital because of altered mental status and hypotension. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast demonstrated intraabdominal abscess which was drained by interventional radiology. A culture of the pus grew Streptococcus constellatus, a pus-forming bacterium. She was treated with ceftriaxone and metronidazole for a total of 6 weeks, and a repeat CT of abdomen and pelvis demonstrated complete resolution. The only contributing factor to the formation of the intraabdominal abscess was a screening colonoscopy with polypectomy, which might have caused micro-perforations in the colon with the seeding of Streptococcus constellatus. The occurrence of intraabdominal abscess following a colonoscopy is very rare, and requires a high index of suspicion in patients who present with sepsis following colonoscopies.
RESUMEN
Signs and symptoms of atypical pneumonia include fever, shortness of breath, cough, and chest pain. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, identifying other causes of febrile respiratory illness in patients who tested positive for COVID-19 has been very challenging. Concerns over infecting healthcare personnel and other patients can impede further evaluations like bronchial lavage, lung biopsies, and other invasive tests. A very high index of suspicion, perhaps unreasonably so, is required to perform invasive tests to investigate alternative possible causes of the illness. We present the case of a 63-year-old man who presented to the hospital with dyspnea. Chest X-ray demonstrated a consolidation in the left lower lobe lung field with a possible underlying mass, and the patient tested positive for COVID-19. He received the standard treatment for COVID pneumonia at the time in our institution (remdesivir and dexamethasone), empiric antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia, and was eventually discharged home with supplemental oxygen. Several days later, the patient returned to the hospital again with worsening dyspnea and was readmitted. Persistent illness and worsening imaging prompted bronchoscopy. The bronchoscopy showed narrowing of the airway in the left upper lobe, and Nocardia asteroides was isolated from bronchial aspirate. The isolation of Nocardia prompted an investigation for central nervous system involvement with an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head. The MRI demonstrated multiple bilateral ring-enhancing lesions in the brain. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of disseminated nocardiosis superimposed on COVID-19 pneumonia.
RESUMEN
Since the outbreak of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there has been an increasing need for treatment to decrease morbidity and mortality of patients presenting with severe disease symptoms. There has been increasing evidence to suggest that the pathophysiological basis is a severe inflammatory response that resembles the cytokine release syndrome. Current strategies to counteract this involve modifiers of the immune response such as interleukin (IL)-6 receptor blockers and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. An example of a JAK inhibitor is baricitinib. In this case, we present a 17-year-old female admitted with severe COVID-19 symptoms, who was placed on high-flow nasal cannula and started on azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine, which were standard of care at the time. Due to the worsening of symptoms, she was given baricitinib for compassionate use. There was a rapid improvement in clinical and imaging findings, and the patient was discharged from the hospital within 8 days of admission. This study is fascinating because there are very limited studies published on the benefits of baricitinib in managing patients with severe symptoms of COVID-19 especially in the pediatric population, and the rapidity in recovery time was remarkable.
RESUMEN
There has been increasing evidence of co-infections with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, which increases the severity of the disease. Organisms such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae have been previously isolated. We present a case of a COVID-19 patient treated with baricitinib and dexamethasone who later developed Klebsiella pneumoniae-carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Candida dubliniensis bloodstream infections, treated with meropenem/vaborbactam and micafungin, respectively. These infections are exceedingly rare and are mostly reported in immunosuppressed patients. The finding of these bloodstream infections raises concerns on the cause of immunosuppression in this patient infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) treated with baricitinib and dexamethasone. There has been no report so far of COVID-19 associated with these co-infections.
