Immunogenicity of inactivated vaccines prepared with parainfluenza viruses type 1 and type 3, administered experimentally by nasal or oral route.

The inactivated vaccines prepared with parainfluenza viruses type 1 and type 3, administered to mice by nasal or oral route, either as monovalent preparations in succession or as bivalent associated preparations according to the experimental models used, imparted a significant protection against the infection with the homologous active viruses. The routes of administration of vaccines, nasal and oral, which make equal demands upon the immune secretory serum and cell system, as well as the alternative of inactivated preparations for active virus vaccines are discussed.

[Pathomorphologic features in several phlebopathies associated with virus, rickettsia, chlamydia, and mycoplasma infections]. / Aspects pathomorphologiques dans quelques phlébopathies associées à des infections chroniques à virus, à rickettsies, à chlamydies et à mycoplasmes.

Seventy-six venous specimens were examined by indirect immunofluorescence and histological techniques. 80.26% out of them gave negative I.F. reactions. The following causal agents were found on the I.F. positive preparations: Rickettsia burneti, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, parainfluenza type 3 and adenoviruses, alone or associated. The most frequent lesion noted in I.F. positive specimens was of the inflammatory-dystrophic type. In I.F. negative preparations the dominant lesion was the hyalinosis of the tunica media.

[Moroxidine, an antiviral used for the treatment of zona (herpes zoster)]. / Le moroxidine, un antiviral utilisé pour le traitement du zona (Herpes zoster).

Treatment with moroxidine, Romanian preparation with virustatic effects, was applied in 350 patients with different localisation herpes zoster lesions. Treatment had good effects, especially when it was applied early.

[The pathomorphological aspects of arteriopathies associated with viral and microbial infections]. / Quelques aspects de pathomorphologie des artériopathies associées à des infections à virus et inframicrobiennes.

Presence of Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Rickettsia burnetii, influenza type B, herpes and adenoviruses was detected by immunofluorescence in artery fragments collected from patients with arteriopathy. Pathohistological examination of the samples revealed inflammatory--lympho-histiocytic infiltration--and mostly dystrophic alterations. Arteriopathies were localised mostly at the pelvic limb level, especially on femoral artery. Their incidence was statistically significant.

[Moroxidine, an antiviral agent used for the treatment of shingles (herpes zoster)]. / Le moroxidine, un antiviral utilisé pour le traitement du zona (Herpes zoster).

Treatment with moroxidine, Romanian preparation with virustatic effects, was applied in 350 patients with different localisation herpes zoster lesions. Treatment had good effects, especially when it was applied early.

[Features of the patho-morphology of arteriopathies associated with viral and infra-microbial infections]. / Quelques aspects de pathomorphologie des artériopathies associées à des infections à virus et inframicrobiennes.

Presence of Mycoplasma Chlamydia, Rickettsia burnetii, influenza type B, herpes and adenoviruses was detected by immunofluorescence in artery fragments collected from patients with arteriopathy. Pathohistological examination of the samples revealed inflammatory--lympho-histiocytic infiltration--and mostly dystrophic alterations. Arteriopathies were localised mostly at the pelvic limb level, especially on femoral artery. Their incidence was statistically significant.

[The demonstration by immunofluorescence of inframicrobial antigens on samples of peripheral blood vessels (artery and vein) from subjects with different vascular diseases]. / Essais de mise en évidence par immunofluorescence de quelques antigènes inframicrobiens sur des fragments de vaisseaux sanguins périphériques (artère et veine) provenant de sujets atteints de différentes maladies vasculaires.

The presence of fourteen inframicrobial agents was investigated by the immunofluorescence technique using specific antisera on 345 samples of arteries and veins collected during operation from patients with chronic vascular diseases (arteritis, varicosity) and on 50 samples of umbilical cord. Results indicated a positivity rate of 75.45%; most of the cases had associations of two to five antigens. Coxsackie A virus and mycoplasmas were the agents most frequently found.

[New pathogenetic aspects of the relations between viral and microbial infections and peripheral vasculopathies]. / Quelques nouveaux aspects pathogéniques des relations entre certaines infections à virus et inframicrobiennes et des vasculopathies périphériques.

The immunofluorescence technique using antisera against some viruses and inframicrobes allowed the detection of pathogens in altered vascular tissues (arteritis and phlebitis-phlebectasia). Pathomorphological aspects and some dehydrogenase activities in these patients were also investigated.

[The incidence of influenzal, para-influenzal and adenoviral antigens in keratoconjunctivitis patients during immunization with NIVGRIP vaccine]. / Incidence des antigènes grippal, paragrippal et adénoviral chez des sujets à kérato-conjonctivite durant l'immunisation avec du vaccin NIVGRIP.

Repeated intranasal administrations of NIVGRIP, influenza inactivated vaccine, to patients with chronic recurrent keratoconjunctivitis, led to a significant reduction of respiratory virus incidence, as revealed by the immunofluorescence test in the conjunctive epithelial cells. The effect is probably due to endogenous interferon stimulation by the vaccine, at the nasopharyngeal level.

[A morphological study of pneumopathies caused by associated para-influenza and influenza viruses]. / Etude morphologique des pneumopathies provoquées par les virus paragrippal et grippal associés.

Histological examination of lungs collected from mice inoculated with influenza A/PR 8/34 (H0N0) and/or parainfluenza type 3 viruses revealed the existence of lymphohistiocytic interstitial bronchopneumonia lesions. Necrosis zones were found in the lungs of influenza virus infected animals. Associated infection by the two viruses induced also the fibroblast and fibrocyte proliferation, at same average ratios.

[Study of the multiplication in cell cultures of two strains of para-influenza virus type 3. III. Multiplication in BHK 21 cells]. / Etude de la multiplication sur cultures de cellules de deux souches de virus paragrippal du type 3. Note III. Multiplication sur cellules BHK 21.

Study was conducted on the multiplication of two strains (C243 and D) of parainfluenza virus type 3 in BHK 21 cells. Multiplication curve of the virus was established and immunohistochemical aspects of the process were investigated. Chronological study of successive steps of the formation and development of viral components allowed to see that the virus multiplication rate is low in this cell system. The parainfluenza antigen became detectable by immunofluorescence in the infected cell perinuclear region after a relatively long eclipse period (18 h) and synthetized virus has few RNA and induced no inclusion information in the cytoplasm or the nucleus. However, an important nuclear participation was noted: 72 h after inoculation, nuclear fluorescence was observed, as well as a nuclear DNA rising and frequent aberrant mitoses. Comparison between the two investigated strains led to the observation that the autochthonous D strain induced more frequent aberrant mitoses and more important cell destruction than the C243 one. Differences were also noted as regards the infecting and hemagglutinating titers.

[Simultaneous detection by immunofluorescence of several viral infections and Mycoplasma, Chlamydia and Rickettsia burneti infections localized at the level of the conjunctival, nasal and pharyngeal mucosae of patients with recurring chronic keratoconjunctivitis]. / Détection simultanée par l'immunofluorescence de quelques infections à virus, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia et Rickettsia burneti, localisées au niveau des muqueuses conjonctivale, nasale et pharyngienne, chez des malades atteints de kérato-conjonctivite chronique récidivante.

A study was conducted of the viral and inframicrobial populations present in the conjunctival, nasal and pharyngeal mucous membranes by immunofluorescence techniques, using a twelve hyperimmune serum kit, in 120 patients with chronic, relapsing keratoconjunctivitis. Qualitative and quantitative differences were noted in the antigen levels in the three investigated mucous membranes. The number of antigens in the conjunctival and nasal epithelial cells was higher than in the pharyngeal ones: 117 and 113 positive IF tests for the first two against 95 for the third. Incidence of each of the individual antigens was two or three times higher in the conjunctival and nasal mucous membranes, excepting, however, the parainfluenza viruses which were equally frequent in all the three mucous membranes.

[Effect of immunization with an inactivated influenza vaccine, NIVGRIP, on the viral population and clinical course of patients with chronic non-bacterial pharyngitis]. / Effets de l'immunisation à l'aide du vaccin inactivé contre la grippe NIVGRIP sur la population virale et l'évolution clinique de sujets souffrant de pharyngite chronique non bactérienne.

Study was conducted on 20 subjects with non bacterial chronic rhinopharyngitis. Forty-one virus strains, mainly adenoviruses, type 3 parainfluenza virus, influenza and type 1 herpes viruses, as well as enteroviruses were isolated from samples collected at regular intervals. After the NIVGRIP (R) vaccination, the number of subjects with viruses present in the pharynx decreased by 75% (from 20 to 5 positive patients) and that of isolates from 41 to 6 (80% positive samples before vaccination against 10% after immunization).

[Detection of type 1 and 2 herpetic antigens by immunofluorescence in patients with chronic or recurrent keratoconjunctivitis receiving therapy based on etiology]. / Incidence des antigènes herpétiques des types 1 et 2 décelés en immunofluorescence chez des malades souffrant de kérato-conjonctivite chronique ou récidivante, soumis à une thérapeutique étiologique.

Immunofluorescence (IF) techniques were used to evaluate the therapeutical efficiency of moroxidine hydrochloride against herpes virus (HSV) induced keratoconjunctivitis. In 56 out of the 77 followed-up and treated patients, the IF reactions revealed the presence of both types 1 and 2 of herpes virus, while in 21 only type 1 was found. The treatment with moroxidine hydrochloride led to a reduction of 63% and 92%, respectively, of the incidence of herpes virus type 1 and 2 antigens in the conjunctival cells, coincident with the improvement of clinical symptoms or persistent recovery.

[Immunofluorescence for the rapid diagnosis and complex study of various acute and chronic respiratory infections]. / L'immunofluorescence pour le diagnostic rapide et l'étude complexe de quelques infections respiratoires aiguës ou chroniques.

Direct and indirect immunofluorescence techniques were used to investigate the presence of some viral, chlamydial, Rickettsia and Mycoplasma antigens in the exfoliated nasal and pharyngeal epithelial cells from 156 patients with acute or chronic respiratory infections. Positive results were found in 98 (62.82%) of them, parainfluenza (36.88%) and herpes (23.3%) antigens, being the most frequent. Herpes, parainfluenza and adenoviral antigens were found the most frequently among patients with pharyngitis (76 cases). Parainfluenza, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia and Rickettsia burneti antigens had the highest prevalence among the patients with rhinitis (34 cases). The presence of a single antigen was detected only in 36 patients (36.73%), two or more antigens being found simultaneously in other 62 cases (63.27%). The results demonstrate the utility and efficiency of the immunofluorescence techniques for the rapid etiological diagnosis of acute or chronic respiratory infections.

Presence of viral and inframicrobial germs detected by immunofluorescence reaction in 0-5-year-old children with acute respiratory infections.

The presence of viral and/or inframicrobial antigens was investigated by the immunofluorescence (IF) technique in exfoliated pharyngeal cells collected from 85 children aged 0-5 years, with acute infections of the upper or lower respiratory tract. Positive IF reactions were recorded in 83% of the children with bronchopneumonia, 81.8% of those with acute pharyngitis, 77.7% of those with acute upper respiratory tract infections and 66.6% of those with acute bronchitis. In 68.75% of the IF-positive cases 2-5 different antigens were simultaneously visualized. Herpes and parainfluenza virus antigens appeared to be predominant. The proportion of positive IF reactions was much lower (20%) in a control group of 20 apparently healthy children, where a single viral antigen (parainfluenza 1) was detected.

Rapid viral diagnosis by immunofluorescence reactions.

Data are reviewed that illustrate the efficacy of the immunofluorescence (IF) technique as a method of rapid viral diagnosis. Its constant application in the "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology has allowed the detection of viral and/or inframicrobial antigens in cells from patients with eye diseases (keratoconjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis), stomatitis, skin diseases, benign and malignant gynecopathies, male urethritis, respiratory diseases, facial paralysis, etc. The IF technique has an incontestable advantage as regards the detection of the simultaneous presence of several infectious agents in the same patient. The prerequisites and prospects of a wider application of IF methods for rapid viral diagnosis are briefly discussed.

Effect of the oral administration of NIVGRIP inactivated influenza vaccine on virus carriage in the nasopharynx of children aged 0-5 years.

The NIVGRIP inactivated influenza vaccine was administered by oral route to 11 children of a semi-closed pre-school community, found to carry viruses in their nasopharynx. Periodic virological investigations demonstrated that after vaccination virus carriage disappeared completely in 7 children; in the remaining 4 cases there was a considerable decrease (from 14 to 6) in the number of virus strains isolated. The virus isolates obtained after vaccination were represented exclusively by enteroviruses (Coxsackie B1 and B3, poliovirus type 1), in contrast with the wider range of viral agents (adeno-, parainfluenza, herpes, Coxsackie, and polioviruses) detected prior to vaccine administration.

Persistence of viruses in the nasopharynx of apparently healthy children aged 0-5 years. Results of investigations performed in 1982-83.

Virus isolation attempts were made with nasopharyngeal secretions from 400 apparently healthy 0-5-year-old children of a semi-closed community. Repeated virus isolations were achieved in 25 cases subjected to periodic investigations in 1982-83. One-two reisolation(s), 1-5 months apart, of the initially detected viral agents could be obtained in 15 out of the 25 children. The following viruses were reisolated (in decreasing order of frequency): adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, Coxsackie B1 virus, herpes virus type 1, parainfluenza virus type 3. The problems raised by the carriage of respiratory viruses in the nasopharynx of apparently healthy children are discussed.