Venetoclax-associated interstitial pneumonitis.

Venetoclax is a selective inhibitor of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2). It is approved for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in combination with chemotherapy or hypomethylating agents. Interstitial pneumonitis due to venetoclax has not been described in the literature. We describe a case of a 79-year-old female who experienced SLL relapse and developed interstitial pneumonitis associated with venetoclax, which completely resolved after discontinuation of the medication.

Opportunity abandonment: Why are entrepreneurs vulnerable to type I and II errors?

Opportunity actualization is a critical competency attributed to entrepreneurs, which has received widespread attention in the entrepreneurship literature. However, the knowledge of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Abandonment (EOA) decisions is limited. We, therefore, explore the relatively under-studied EOA, analyzing why entrepreneurs commit decision errors, abandon potentially viable opportunities (type I error) or pursue non-opportunity spaces (type II error), and ultimately forsake them later. Through a scoping literature review, we highlight more profound psychological variables that shape entrepreneurial opportunity behavior triggering EOA decisions. We discuss entrepreneurial cognitive limitations in articulating, concretizing, and communicating the opportunity. We argue that varying construal mindsets cause reification fallacies and create perceptual blocks in enunciating an opportunity idea. Further, subjective stakeholder feedback and biased information exchange largely shape EOA decisions, which are mediated through the information processing capacity of entrepreneurs. Finally, we propose four entrepreneurial decision-limiting hypotheses which require an empirical investigation.

A Fatal Case of Legionella bozemanii Pneumonia in an Immunocompetent Patient.

Legionella bozemanii pneumonia is a rare form of Legionnaires' disease caused by the bacterium Legionella bozemanii. It is well known to cause pneumonia in immunocompromised patients and has rarely been reported in immunocompetent hosts. We describe a case of a 59-year-old immunocompetent female presented with pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress, and septic shock, who was treated with azithromycin, goal-directed resuscitation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) but did not survive. Clinicians should have high suspicion of rare legionella pathogens as causative agents for pneumonia.

Bronchial artery embolization for the treatment of delayed massive hemoptysis due to a retained bullet.

Bronchial artery embolization is a feasible option for treating hemoptysis caused by foreign objects in patients who are not candidates for surgery.

Evaluation of Viability of Periodontal Ligament Cells using Propolis, Coconut Water, Aleo Vera, and Soy Milk: An In vitro Comparative Study.

Objectives: This research was done to assess the periodontal ligament cells viability using propolis, coconut water, aloe vera, and soy milk storage media. Materials and Methods: Periodontal ligament cells were taken from freshly extracted teeth and stored into four groups of storage media: Group A-propolis, Group B-coconut water, Group C-aloe vera, and Group D-soy milk. Later, the cell viability was assessed at 1, 12, and 24 hours. Results: The periodontal ligament cell viability was significantly greater in propolis, followed by coconut water, aloe vera, and soy milk. Conclusion: We found that propolis, coconut water, aloe vera, and soy milk can be used as an effective storage media. These are naturally occurring and easily available storage medium.

COVID-19 and distribution centres operations: The impacts and countermeasures.

COVID-19 has wreaked havoc on supply chains. This is particularly true for distribution centres as they struggle to bounce back amid the COVID-19 outbreak. While much literature has recently emerged on supply chain disruption, studies pertaining to the impacts of COVID-19 on distribution centres and the countermeasures taken to mitigate such impacts are elusive and mute. Our study fills this important gap in the supply chain literature. This study employs a multiple-case methodology and conducts 40 semi-structured interviews with senior managers/executives from eight distribution centres in the United Arab Emirates. Our results exhibit that COVID-19 is adversely affecting the distribution centres in at least six distinct ways. For instance, distribution centres are encountering limited staff availability, inventory shortage, destabilized supply chains, excessive inventory, limited capacity and surge in demand. Results also demonstrate six corresponding strategies employed by distribution centres to mitigate the impact. For example, distribution centres enhance warehouse automation, increase hands-on inventory, reshoring manufacturing, use scalable processes and an automation retrieval system, and finally employ a picking strategy. Distribution centres can use the findings provided in this study. Particularly, they can learn how COVID-19 affects them and what corresponding strategies they should adopt to stay strong during this pandemic. This study demystifies its contribution to theory and practice alongside limitations and future research directions.

Can entrepreneurial marketing compensate for late market entry? A moderated mediation analysis.

The study tested whether entrepreneurial marketing (EM) can create unique resource advantages for startups and small firms and compensate for late market entry. The authors collected the responses from 509 fast-food restaurants in Kuwait and analyzed the data through structural equation modeling. The evidence supports a direct effect of time-in-market on market share. However, customer-focused market penetration strategies (MPS) mediated the relationship between time-in-market and market share. Further, innovative, culturally influenced customer relationship management (CRM) moderated the impact of time-in-market and MPS on market share, compensating for late market entry. The authors utilize the Resource Advantage (R-A) Theory to inform market entry literature and provide novel solutions to resource-constrained late entrants who can offset the advantages of early market entrants and gain market share through an entrepreneurial marketing approach. It offers a practical approach for implementing entrepreneurial marketing in assisting small firms in seeking market advantages despite late entry and resource limitations. The study's findings have implications for small firms and marketing managers of late-entrant firms, who can leverage innovative MPS and CRM incorporating cultural artifacts to generate behavioral, emotional, and psychological engagement leading to higher market share.

Efficacy of Ozone to Eliminate Endopathogenic Microorganism in Rootcanal Biofilm.

Objective: The researchers wanted to see whether ozonated water with ultrasonication and sodium hypochlorite can destroy Enterococcus faecalis bacteria in root canals. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 single-rooted human teeth were used. A total of 100 roots were harvested and mechanically prepared. The root canals were randomly divided into four classes (n = 10) after being infected with E. faecalis for 24 h. Each sample's MTT value was calculated. Conclusions: NaOCl and aqueous ozone provide antibacterial effects in in-vitro conditions in root canals.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental interns in Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged as a global pandemic recognized by the World Health Organization. It has a significant impact on Saudi Arabia's educational process, resulting in several universities suspending on-campus teaching, exams, and training. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on dental students' examination, internship placement, and subsequent impact on preparedness and confidence. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to gather data from dental interns in Saudi Arabia using a pre-tested online questionnaire. Convenient sampling was applied to collect data from 5th September to 15th September 2020. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive data were presented as frequency and percentages. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between variables. RESULTS: Data of 409 dental interns from 8 dental schools reported that 209 (51%) participants' exams were affected as the format was changed to online examination. 130 (31.8%) dental interns strongly agreed that assistance in hospitals during the outbreak of COVID-19 would complement their learning opportunities. Whereas 115(28.1%) respondents strongly agreed that dental schools' measures to modify their curriculum were necessary.The impact of COVID-19 on dental intern preparedness discovered that the affected exams had a significant effect on final year students' readiness to begin the internship (p = 0.042). Considering students' confidence in starting the training earlier than expected, the student course had a statistically significant impact on their confidence (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrates that COVID-19 had disrupted dental interns' preparedness towards clinical rotation and decreased their confidence performing in the clinical setup. Due to being unprepared and having low confidence, most dental interns were not ready to start working in the hospital on time.

Evaluation of Quality of Endodontic Re-Treatment and Changes in Periapical Status.

BACKGROUND: The present study was conducted to assess quality of root canal (RC) filling before and after RC re-treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-eight radiographs of failed endodontic treatment were assessed. The periapical status of the endodontic treatment was evaluated with periapical index (PAI) scoring system. PAI <3 showed absence and PAI >3 showed presence of periapical lesion. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in scores 1 and 3 and decrease in scores 2, 4, 5, and 6 after treatment (P < 0.05). PAI score >3 was seen in 37% before which decreased to 16% after endodontic retreatment. 34.6% obturation was homogenous and 65.4% was nonhomogenous before endodontic retreatment. After endodontic retreatment, 95.2% became homogenous and 4.8% nonhomogenous. The reason for endodontic failure was furcation in 2%, iatrogenic causes in 3%, loss of coronal seal in 16%, periapical pathology in 25%, and inadequate root filling in 54%. CONCLUSION: There was significant improvement and decrease in size of periapical lesions in re-endodontic cases as compared to primary RC treated teeth.

An In Vitro Stereomicroscopic Evaluation of Bioactivity between Neo MTA Plus, Pro Root MTA, BIODENTINE & Glass Ionomer Cement Using Dye Penetration Method.

The ideal root end filling material should form a tight seal in the root canal by adhering to the cavity walls. Several materials have been used for root end filling. The present study aims to find out and compare the bioactivity of Neo MTA Plus, Pro Root MTA White, BIODENTINE & glass ionomer cement as root end filling materials using 1% methylene blue as tracer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 80 extracted human permanent maxillary anterior teeth were used in the study. They were divided into four groups. Specimens were sectioned transversely in the cervical area to separate the crown from the root. The root canal was obturated with gutta percha and zinc oxide eugenol sealers. Thereafter, each sample was resected apically by removing 3 mm of the apex and filled with different materials. Samples were kept in buffering solution at 37 °C until the recommended evaluation periods. The specimens were then suspended in 1% methylene blue for 24 h, prior to the analysis. The teeth were then sectioned, and dye penetration was examined, photographed, and evaluated under a stereomicroscope. RESULTS: Vertical dye penetration showed significant differences across different groups. The minimum dye penetration was seen in Neo MTA plus followed by BIODENTINE, Pro Root MTA and maximum in GIC. There was no significant difference in dye penetration between Neo MTA plus and BIODENTINE both at fifteen days and one-month intervals. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests Neo MTA plus and BIODENTINE should be the preferred material for root end filling.

Impact of COVID-19 shelter-in-place order on transmission of gastrointestinal pathogens in Northern California

Society-wide cessation of human interaction outside the household due to the COVID-19 shelter-in-place created a unique opportunity in modern history to reexamine the transmission of communicable gastrointestinal pathogens. We conducted a quasi-experimental study from January 1, 2018 to Sept 30, 2020 to investigate the effect of Californias COVID-19 shelter-in-place order on the community transmission of viral, bacterial, and parasitic gastrointestinal pathogens detected with the FilmArray GI Panel (BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, UT). The incidence of viral causes of gastroenteritis, enteroaggregative/enteropathogenic/enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella, and Cyclospora cayetanensis decreased sharply after shelter-in place took effsect, whilst Salmonella, Campylobacter, shiga toxin-producing E. coli (O157 and non-O157) and other bacterial and parasitic causes of gastroenteritis were largely unaffected. Findings suggest community spread of viral gastroenteritis, pathogenic E. coli (except for shiga toxin-producing E. coli), Shigella, and Cyclospora is more susceptible to changes associated with shelter-in-place than other gastrointestinal pathogens.

Twitter Research Synthesis for Health Promotion: A Bibliometric Analysis.

BACKGROUND: This study enriched our understanding by systematically reviewing knowledge management twitter health (KMTH) articles extracted from Web of Science (WoS) using cartography analysis through VOSviewer-for the last 11 years. METHODS: A total of 798 KMTH articles were found from 2009 to 2019, analyzed based on the most cooccurrence keywords of KMTH articles. RESULTS: Three clusters emerged through cartography analysis; Cluster 1: Twitter as health education and health promotion platform; Cluster 2: Twitter as public health promotion platform and Cluster 3: Twitter as health sentiment platform through big data and machine learning. CONCLUSION: This study opened new avenues for all health care providers to utilize Twitter as a KM platform to promote health care. This is the first bibliometric analysis of KMTH publications according to our best knowledge.

Qualitative Analysis of Root Canal Treatments performed by Undergraduate Students: A Retrospective Study

ABSTRACT Objective: Toanalyze the technical quality of endodontic treatment carried out at the undergraduate dental clinics. Material and Methods: Random radiographic records of 92 patients' were selected who received endodontic treatment by the undergraduate students from June 2018 to July 2019. The quality of root canal filling was determined in relation to the adequate density, length, and taper. Statistical analysis was performed by using GraphPad (Prism 5), and to determine the association between different variables Chi-square test was used. Results: Adequate technical quality of canal obturation conducted by the undergraduate students was found in less than 65% of the cases. The frequency of adequate root canal taper was significantly greater in maxillary teeth (75%) as compared to mandibular teeth (33%); however, adequacy of acceptable density was found more in maxillary teeth (62%) as compared to mandibular teeth (55%).A statistically significant difference was seen in the quality of root canal fillings between anterior and posterior teeth (p=0.001). Conclusion: The root canal therapy performed by undergraduate students was less than optimum in terms of technical quality. Hence, it is suggested that the endodontic training courses delivered at pre-clinical and clinical levelsfor undergraduate students must be thoroughly revised.

Prospects and applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria to mitigate soil metal contamination: A review.

The rapid increase in world population has generated the issues of hunger, poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition. To meet the challenge of increased food production of better quality, the farmers were compelled to use more chemical fertilizers, especially in developing countries. The higher use of chemical fertilizers interrupts the food chain through eutrophication, the polluting air and soil by incorporating metals. Trace metals have a deleterious effect on soil microbial and plant growth. To minimize metal toxicity and maximize the production of food, there are different approaches that can lead to lessen the use of chemical fertilizers. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are capable to enhance the plant growth and can remediate metal contaminated soils. PGPR has the ability to improve food production with diverse attributes e.g. producing siderophores that promote rhizosphere trace metal sequestration and production of organic and inorganic acids thus affecting trace metal bioavailability and plant induced systemic tolerance (IST) to limit the crop metal accumulation. In this review paper, we have discussed the biological approach which is environmentally friendly and cost-effective mean for metal polluted soils and gives some new insights for safety use of PGPR in trace metal contaminated fields.

Consequences of top-down knowledge hiding in firms: A pilot study.

While knowledge hiding has been the subject of some research in the management discipline, extant literature is scant on the consequences of top-down knowledge hiding in firms. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the individual-level consequences of top-down knowledge hiding in firms. Based on an initial pilot study, the preliminary findings unveil three types of individual-level consequences of top-down knowledge such as loss of personal reputation of knowledge seeker, lack of creativity and lack of productivity. This paper discusses its initial contribution to knowledge hiding literature and concludes by discussing its limitations and scope for future research.

Absence of personal relationship in a buyer-supplier relationship: case of buyers and suppliers of logistics services provider in Australia.

While the importance of personal relationships (e.g. friendship) within supply chain relationships is well established, a gap remains on negative aspects associated with an absence of a personal relationship in the buyer-supplier relationship in the supply chain context. Because there is very limited research in this area, a case study method is employed via semi-structured interviews with 24 senior managers from 10 different companies based in Australia engaged in the process of buying and selling logistics services. Results reveal that an absence of a personal relationship between managers of buying and supplying firms in the supply chain leads to reduced trust, non-sharing of important business ideas and sensitive business information, no peer mentoring, delay in resolving conflicts and low employee engagement. The paper concludes by discussing the contribution to practice, research limitations, and future research directions.

Human salivary protein extraction from RNAPro·SAL™, Pure·SAL™, and passive drooling method.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study was to carry out a preliminary validation of devices for standardized collection of whole mouth fluid (WMF) in comparison to the passive drooling method for protein analysis in healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A carefully designed sample collection/pretreatment protocol is crucial to the success of any saliva proteomics project. In this study, WMF was collected from healthy volunteers (n = 10, ages: 18-26 years). Individuals with any oral disease were excluded from the study group. In our study, we evaluated the following collection methods; the classical passive drooling method (unstimulated whole saliva) and standardized tools for saliva collection (Pure·SAL™, and RNAPro·SAL™) from Oasis Diagnostics® Corporation (Vancouver WA, USA). For estimation of protein levels, we used the bicinchoninic acid assay and protein assay kit (Thermo Fisher). The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis sample analysis was carried out for the estimation of proteins in one of the samples. RESULTS: When gels were compared, the difference was seen in the resolution of spots. Protein spots were fading from high- to low-molecular weight masses. Hence, advanced devices in comparison to spitting method resulted in much clearer protein spots which in turn prove the validation of devices. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we concluded that protein extraction could be possible by both methods such as passive drooling method and through advanced saliva collection devices (Pure·SAL™ and RNAPro·SAL™).

Regenerative Potential of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) for Curing Intrabony Periodontal Defects: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies.

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been used in regenerative medicine and dentistry. Recently, its use has been advocated for regenerative periodontics and wound healing. The randomized control trials have assessed the regenerative efficacy of the PRF for restoring intrabony periodontal defects. The objectives are to critically analyze and appraise the currently available literature, focusing on the use of PRF in regenerating periodontal bone defects. An electronic search was conducted (PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ISI-WOS). Various combinations of following keywords were used: 'platelet-rich fibrin', 'intrabony', 'periodontal', 'bone defect' and 'guided tissue regeneration'. A secondary search was conducted by analyzing the reference lists of the articles obtained in initial search. The final search resulted in 13 randomized controlled trials being included. In majority of studies, PRF resulted in better clinical/radiographic outcomes than open flap debridement and augmented therapeutic effects of bone grafts. The combination of bovine bone substitutes and PRF resulted in better performance compared to alone. Similarly better outcomes were observed while using PRF in combination with nanohydroxyapatite, metformin and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft. It can be concluded that PRF produces better outcomes than open flap debridement alone and augments the regenerative effects of bone substitutes.

Regenerative Potential of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) for Curing Intrabony Periodontal Defects: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been used in regenerative medicine and dentistry. Recently, its use has been advocated for regenerative periodontics and wound healing. The randomized control trials have assessed the regenerative efficacy of the PRF for restoring intrabony periodontal defects.The objectives are to critically analyze and appraise the currently available literature, focusing on the use of PRF in regenerating periodontal bone defects. An electronic search was conducted (PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ISI-WOS). Various combinations of following keywords were used: ‘ platelet-rich fibrin’, ‘ intrabony’, ‘ periodontal’, ‘ bone defect’ and ‘ guided tissue regeneration’.Asecondary search was conducted by analyzing the reference lists of the articles obtained in initial search. The final search resulted in 13 randomized controlled trials being included. Inmajority of studies, PRF resulted in better clinical/radiographic outcomes than open flap debridement and augmented therapeutic effects of bone grafts. The combination of bovine bone substitutes and PRF resulted in better performance compared to alone. Similarly better outcomes were observed while using PRF in combination with nanohydroxyapatite, metformin and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft. It can be concluded that PRF produces better outcomes than open flap debridement alone and augments the regenerative effects of bone substitutes.