RESUMEN
Clinical isolates of Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum) would facilitate study of prevalent strains. We describe the first successful rabbit propagation of T. pallidum from cryopreserved ulcer specimens. Fresh ulcer exudates were collected and cryopreserved with consent from syphilis-diagnosed patients (N = 8). Each of eight age-matched adult male rabbits were later inoculated with a thawed specimen, with two rabbits receiving 1.3 ml intratesticularly (IT), and six receiving 0.6 ml intravenously (IV) and IT. Monitoring of serology, blood PCR and orchitis showed that T. pallidum grew in 2/8 rabbits that were inoculated IV and IT with either a penile primary lesion specimen (CDC-SF003) or a perianal secondary lesion specimen (CDC-SF007). Rabbit CDC-SF003 was seroreactive by T. pallidum Particle Agglutination (TP-PA) and Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) testing, PCR+, and showed orchitis by week 6. Euthanasia was performed in week 7, with treponemal growth in the testes confirmed and quantified by qPCR and darkfield microscopy (DF). Serial passage of the extract in a second age-matched rabbit also yielded treponemes. Similarly, rabbit CDC-SF007 showed negligible orchitis, but was seroreactive and PCR+ by week 4 and euthanized in week 6 to yield T. pallidum, which was further propagated by second passage. Using the 4-component molecular typing system for syphilis, 3 propagated strains (CDC-SF003, CDC-SF007, CDC-SF008) were typed as 14d9f, 14d9g, and 14d10c, respectively. All 3 isolates including strain CDC-SF011, which was not successfully propagated, had the A2058G mutation associated with azithromycin resistance. Our results show that immediate cryopreservation of syphilitic ulcer exudate can maintain T. pallidum viability for rabbit propagation.
Asunto(s)
Sífilis/microbiología , Sífilis/patología , Treponema pallidum/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Criopreservación , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Masculino , Tipificación Molecular , Conejos , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Treponema pallidum/genética , Treponema pallidum/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Background: The nascent cannabis industry is often challenged by a lack of guidance, unproven methodologies and conflicting legal challenges. The actual sampling and sample preparation of cannabis can be a difficult endeavor due the economic value, material complexity and heterogeneous nature of a plant based material. Objective: Examine the challenges of cannabis material sampling and sample processing as it relates to other similar materials. Method: In this paper, the complexity of sampling and sample preparation are reviewed for use in the cannabis industry. The mechanisms for sample processing are examined and compared for the best preparation techniques for targeted analytes in cannabis analysis. Results: Cryogenic grinding is one of the best methods for sample processing for the preservation of volatile compounds. Conclusions: Proper sampling techniques and procedures, including the use of standards, ensure homogeneity and improve analysis accuracy. Highlights: Methods of sample processing and preparation for cannabis plant material were examined to ensure homogeneity, accuracy and reproducibility.
Asunto(s)
Cannabis/química , Industria Farmacéutica , Industria de Procesamiento de Alimentos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , Control de Calidad , Inocuidad de los Alimentos , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Nurses work in stressful environments, encountering interruptions and distractions at almost every turn. The aim of this medication safety project was to improve the physical design and organizational layout of the medication room, reduce nurse interruptions and distractions, and create a standard medication process for enhanced patient safety and efficiency. This successful change improved the medication administration process, decreased medication errors, and enhanced nursing satisfaction.
Asunto(s)
Arquitectura y Construcción de Instituciones de Salud/normas , Errores de Medicación/enfermería , Errores de Medicación/prevención & control , Sistemas de Medicación en Hospital/normas , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/normas , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Central de Suministros en Hospital/organización & administración , Central de Suministros en Hospital/normas , Planificación Ambiental/normas , Hospitales Comunitarios/organización & administración , Hospitales Comunitarios/normas , Humanos , Satisfacción en el Trabajo , Sistemas de Medicación en Hospital/organización & administración , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/psicología , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Administración del Tiempo/organización & administraciónRESUMEN
A California healthcare system incorporates clinical information technology to mine data for adverse events.