Changes in compliance with Japanese antiemetic guideline for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a nationwide survey using a distributed research network.

OBJECTIVE: Prophylaxis of chemotherapy (CT)-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is important for patient's quality of life and adherence to CT. Neurokinin receptor antagonist (NK1 antagonist) was marketed in Japan in December 2009 and the first guideline for antiemetics for CINV was released in May 2010 from Japan Society of Clinical Oncology (JSCO). We assessed changes in compliance with the JSCO guideline during the first 18 months from the launch of NK1 antagonist in Japan. METHODS: Patient-level data was extracted locally using a nationwide distributed research network consisting of 39 hospitals. Monthly compliance rates for acute (day of CT) and delayed (days 2-5) phases were summarized according to the emetic risks. RESULTS: In total, 81,739 CTs for 9,978 patients were analyzed. Prescription of oral NK1 antagonist was started in 31/39 hospitals during the study period. The compliance in acute phase for high emetic risk (HER) CTs gradually improved up to 39.3% whereas it reached only to 10-15% in delayed phase. The extra use of antiemetics decreased inversely to the increased compliance. Better compliance for HER CTs was associated with opioid use, younger age, second or later cycles, and CT regimens. Compliance in acute phase was better in inpatient whereas that in delayed phase was better in outpatients. CONCLUSIONS: A multi-hospital survey revealed that more than half of the HER CTs remained without accompanying the standard antiemetic therapies. Association with the compliance and CINV outcomes would be also interesting to explore.

[Optic lesions in patients with epiphora during S-1 therapy].

PURPOSE: To elucidate the features of optic lesions in patients with epiphora during S-1 therapy. PATIENTS: Twelve patients with epiphora in 123 patients during S-1 therapy. RESULTS: Age range was 38-84 years (mean 68.4 years). There were 4 cases in 81 men (5%) and 8 in 42 women (19%). Epiphora occurred significantly more often in women (p=0.02). The administration period was from 10 days to 36 months. Lesions were superficial punctate keratopathy in 10 cases with cornea and obstruction of inferior punctum in 2, stenosis of nasolacrimal duct in 1 and suspected occlusion of the nasolacrimal duct in 1 with lacrimal duct. Local therapy was eye drops in all cases. Of the whole 12 patients, S-1 was continued or discontinued in 6 each of all 12 cases, in 5 each of 10 cases with superficial punctate keratopathy, and in 2 each of 4 cases with lacrimal duct lesions. Epiphora/optic lesions improved with a range from 10 days to 1.5 months in cases of discontinuation and with that from 2 weeks to 1 month in cases of continuation. DISCUSSION: Our results revealed superficial punctate keratopathy in many cases, lacrimal duct lesions in a few cases, and discontinuation of medication provided improvement of optic events. CONCLUSIONS: When epiphora is observed in patients on S-1 therapy, it is necessary to assess optic disorders by an opthalmologist immediately because of suspicion of injury to the cornea and lacrimal duct.